林建國(guó) 劉冰冰 梁飛 范杞森 潘曉燕 肖曉山
【摘要】信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3(STAT3)是信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子的一種,其作用體現(xiàn)在細(xì)胞信號(hào)的交流和基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄等方面,Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2(JAK2)/STAT3/缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1α(HIF-1α)信號(hào)通路對(duì)腦卒中的影響極為重要。然而,JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路在大腦中所起到的具體作用,尤其是在腦卒中之后是保護(hù)或是損害,至今仍無(wú)定論。該文闡述JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的激活或抑制在腦卒中(特別是腦缺血再灌注)中所發(fā)揮的作用,提出腦卒中急性期抑制JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的表達(dá)、康復(fù)期激動(dòng)JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的表達(dá)、抑制與激動(dòng)的結(jié)合運(yùn)用可能是今后對(duì)JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的研究方向。
【關(guān)鍵詞】信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3;腦卒中;缺血再灌注;Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2/信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3/缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1α信號(hào)通路
【Abstract】Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the signal transducers and activators of transcription, which plays an important role in signal communication and gene transcription in cells. The Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3/hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α signaling pathway is extremely crucial to brain following stroke. However, the specific role of the activation of JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway to the brain is still unknown, especially regarding whether it protects or damages the brain after stroke. In this article, ?the effect of the activation or inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway upon the brain ?after stroke was illustrated. Suppressing the expression of JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway in acute stroke, exciting and suppressing combined with exciting the expression of JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway during rehabilitation may become the research direction of JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
【Key words】STAT3;Stroke;Ischemia reperfusion;JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathway
信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3(STAT3)是一種信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子,廣泛地表達(dá)于不同類型組織和細(xì)胞中,其作用主要體現(xiàn)在細(xì)胞信號(hào)的交流和基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄等方面[1]。多項(xiàng)研究表明,STAT3是缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1α(HIF-1α)的上游基因[2-3]。當(dāng)HIF-1α增多時(shí),磷酸化STAT3 (p-STAT3)也往往升高,這是STAT3激活磷酸化的結(jié)果。Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2(JAK2)/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的激活對(duì)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的具體作用尚不明確,有研究顯示,JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的激活能夠減少腦梗死區(qū)凋亡細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,達(dá)到腦保護(hù)的作用;然而,也有學(xué)者認(rèn)為JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的激活會(huì)增加血腦屏障滲漏,誘發(fā)腦出血,使腦水腫加重,不利于預(yù)后。因此,本文擬對(duì)JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路在腦卒中發(fā)生、發(fā)展中所發(fā)揮的作用進(jìn)行綜述,以期為該信號(hào)通路今后的研究方向提供理論參考。
一、STAT3的激活與JAK/STAT/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路
盡管STAT3僅在特定的途徑中表達(dá),卻能被廣泛地激活[4]。研究顯示,多種中藥通過抑制STAT3的表達(dá)而達(dá)到治療目的,包括熟地黃多糖、化濁解毒軟堅(jiān)方、清金化痰顆粒、靛玉紅衍生物(E804)等[5-8]。也有中藥通過激動(dòng)STAT3而起到對(duì)機(jī)體的保護(hù)作用,如加味小柴胡湯、梓醇、丹酚酸等[9-11]。此外,IL-22、IL-6、雌激素、去甲腎上腺素、哌唑嗪、瘦素等多種細(xì)胞因子和藥物也參與STAT3的激活,從而對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖和代謝產(chǎn)生影響[12-15]。這可能與STAT3在不同疾病、種屬、部位、藥物劑量、階段等所發(fā)揮的作用不同有關(guān)。
STAT3的活化有2種形式:Tyr705-p-Stat3和Ser727-p-Stat3。Tyr705-p-Stat3是STAT3蛋白的重要活化形式,Tyr705-p-Stat3在刺激因子的作用下形成二聚體,并進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核與靶基因結(jié)合以調(diào)控下游目的基因的表達(dá)[16]。有研究顯示,STAT3可調(diào)控下游基因HIF-1α的信號(hào)傳遞[2-3]。這一過程中細(xì)胞因子通過與細(xì)胞內(nèi)特定受體相結(jié)合引發(fā)受體分子二聚化,并磷酸化與受體分子偶聯(lián)的JAK上的酪氨酸,從而使JAK活化,激活的JAK繼續(xù)磷酸化受體分子中的酪氨酸殘基,并引發(fā)酪氨酸與鄰近位點(diǎn)的氨基酸序列形成停泊點(diǎn)。STAT蛋白由于含有SH2結(jié)構(gòu)域,因此被招募至該停泊點(diǎn),并被JAK催化,最終以二聚體的形式轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核中與靶基因的啟動(dòng)子特異性結(jié)合,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)控HIF-1α表達(dá)的目的[17]。
二、JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路在腦卒中的作用研究
腦卒中是由大腦血液供應(yīng)紊亂而導(dǎo)致的腦功能障礙[18-19]。這種功能障礙是由缺血或出血引起的。據(jù)此,腦卒中有缺血性卒中和出血性卒中兩大類。由于腦卒中可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致永久性的神經(jīng)損傷,盡管經(jīng)過血管的再通和外科手術(shù)等多方面的積極治療,神經(jīng)功能的恢復(fù)很多時(shí)候還是不理想,這使腦卒中的臨床治療充滿了挑戰(zhàn)性。近年來的研究熱點(diǎn)主要是集中在神經(jīng)保護(hù)性藥物的研究上,期望提高腦卒中尤其是缺血性腦卒中的治愈率。腦缺血損傷發(fā)生后,受損傷腦組織釋放大量的細(xì)胞因子及各種化學(xué)因子,它們通過共同的受體gp130激活STAT3[20-21]。在細(xì)胞因子及各種化學(xué)因子的刺激下,STAT3通過JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1a信號(hào)通路發(fā)生磷酸化。有些研究表明,激活JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路會(huì)促進(jìn)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的凋亡;然而,另外一些研究卻支持激活了JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路會(huì)減輕腦缺血再灌注的損傷、減少神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的凋亡,從而起到保護(hù)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)。
1. 抑制JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路有利于大腦神經(jīng)功能的保護(hù)
1.1 體內(nèi)缺血再灌注或缺血的研究
張家輝[22]以化橘紅柚皮苷高、中、低劑量分別注射大鼠尾靜脈,大鼠治療后的神經(jīng)行為學(xué)評(píng)分高于模型組,且高劑量組能降低大腦中動(dòng)脈栓塞(MCAO)大鼠的腦梗死面積;高、中劑量化橘紅柚皮苷組MCAO大鼠海馬區(qū)的錐體細(xì)胞排列清晰、無(wú)變形壞死、尼氏體基本正常。在高、中、低劑量組化橘紅柚皮苷大鼠中,脫氧核苷酸末端轉(zhuǎn)移酶介導(dǎo)的dUTP 缺口末端標(biāo)記(TUNEL)陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞數(shù)均減少,且JAK2、STAT3 mRNA與蛋白的表達(dá)水平均下降,推測(cè)化橘紅柚皮苷通過下調(diào)JAK2/STAT3通路的信號(hào)表達(dá),降低腦水腫、增強(qiáng)抗氧化、保護(hù)腦神經(jīng)細(xì)胞、調(diào)節(jié)大腦微循環(huán),改善缺血區(qū)神經(jīng)功能,以減少腦梗死區(qū)細(xì)胞凋亡,達(dá)到對(duì)腦(皮層、海馬、紋狀體)保護(hù)的作用。有學(xué)者對(duì)SD雄性大鼠進(jìn)行MCAO再灌注建立缺血再灌注損傷模型,并予尾靜脈注射煙花苷(一種從紅花提取的黃酮類化合物),結(jié)果顯示煙花苷處理組大鼠缺血區(qū)大腦皮層受損神經(jīng)元的形態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)有改善,神經(jīng)元凋亡數(shù)目減少,同時(shí)p-JAK2、p-STAT3、Caspase3、Bax下降,Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)增加,活性增強(qiáng)。由此可見,JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路的下調(diào)有利于腦保護(hù)[23]。Wu等[24]也報(bào)道,JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路抑制劑姜黃素對(duì)MCAO導(dǎo)致的缺血性腦損傷具有保護(hù)作用,其機(jī)制可能是通過降低高遷移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)的表達(dá),從而下調(diào)炎癥因子的表達(dá)水平,減輕炎癥反應(yīng)。
1.2 體內(nèi)出血性研究
An等[25]使用SD雄性大鼠制作蛛網(wǎng)膜下隙出血模型,并在蛛網(wǎng)膜下隙出血前30 min向腦室注射酪氨酸激酶抑制劑AG490,發(fā)現(xiàn)AG490抑制了JAK2/STAT3磷酸化介導(dǎo)的HMGB1的表達(dá)與轉(zhuǎn)位,從而減少了大腦皮質(zhì)細(xì)胞凋亡、腦水腫與神經(jīng)功能缺損。
1.3 體外研究
Tian等[26]進(jìn)行的體內(nèi)、體外試驗(yàn)研究顯示,miR-216a的過表達(dá)可以抑制JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路的激活,從而縮小MCAO導(dǎo)致的腦梗死區(qū)域面積和改善神經(jīng)功能缺損。Ding等[27]使用JAK2/STAT3通路的新型靶向抑制劑抑制SC99下調(diào)JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路,可減輕小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的神經(jīng)炎癥損傷,從而發(fā)揮抗炎和神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。
上述體內(nèi)、體外研究均表明,下調(diào)JAK/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路對(duì)大腦具有保護(hù)作用。
2. 激動(dòng)JAK/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路有利于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)
2.1 體內(nèi)出血性研究
一項(xiàng)在健康雄性大鼠的殼核區(qū)注入miR-124激動(dòng)劑或抑制劑的研究顯示,miR-124過表達(dá)可以下調(diào)STAT3的表達(dá),但會(huì)使出血區(qū)周圍細(xì)胞凋亡增加,而使用miR-124的抑制劑使其低表達(dá)則有利于促進(jìn)STAT3的表達(dá)進(jìn)而減少殼核區(qū)周圍細(xì)胞凋亡,起到對(duì)大腦神經(jīng)功能保護(hù)的作用[28]。Wei等[29]的研究表明,重組人促紅細(xì)胞生成素激動(dòng)JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路對(duì)蛛網(wǎng)膜下隙出血造成的早期大腦皮質(zhì)損傷具有保護(hù)作用。PHA-543613是α7煙堿型乙酰膽堿受體的激動(dòng)劑,有學(xué)者將其注射至紋狀體出血的嚙齒類動(dòng)物模型,結(jié)果血腫周圍的JAK2和STAT3表達(dá)增加,紋狀體出血后TNF-α和過氧化物酶的表達(dá)減少,有效減輕神經(jīng)炎癥、改善紋狀體出血后的腦萎縮和遠(yuǎn)期神經(jīng)行為(包括感覺、運(yùn)動(dòng)、學(xué)習(xí)、記憶)缺陷 [30]。
2.2 體內(nèi)缺血再灌注或缺血的研究
Tang等[31]的研究顯示,激活表皮生長(zhǎng)因子能縮小MCAO模型大鼠的腦梗死體積和降低其Longa評(píng)分,其機(jī)制可能與激活JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路有關(guān)。有學(xué)者用電凝大腦中動(dòng)脈致背外側(cè)大腦皮質(zhì)梗死法制作缺血性腦卒中大鼠模型,造模成功后24 h給予辛醇,連續(xù)7 d,結(jié)果顯示辛醇能促進(jìn)大鼠腦梗死區(qū)域血管生成,增加腦血流量,改善了其神經(jīng)行為功能,同時(shí)大鼠梗死區(qū)大腦皮質(zhì)的p-JAK2、p-STAT3表達(dá)增加,說明激活JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路有利于腦保護(hù)[32]。
2.3 體外研究
另有學(xué)者利用SH-SY5Y神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞在體外進(jìn)行氧糖剝奪-復(fù)氧模擬體內(nèi)腦卒中后的缺血再灌注,結(jié)果顯示氧糖剝奪-復(fù)氧可導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞活力及抗氧化能力下降,在這個(gè)過程中,JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路會(huì)受到抑制,而神經(jīng)保護(hù)性藥物S14G-humanin(HNG)通過間接激活JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路而發(fā)揮神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[33]。Wang等[34]進(jìn)行的體外試驗(yàn)顯示,氧糖剝奪可以誘導(dǎo)線粒體氧化應(yīng)激并且導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞凋亡,而脂聯(lián)素可以通過激活JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路,使抗凋亡Bcl-2與致凋亡Bax比值升高,下調(diào)已激活的Caspase-3水平,從而發(fā)揮對(duì)海馬HT22細(xì)胞的保護(hù)作用。近年Yuan等[35]報(bào)道,在體外對(duì)類神經(jīng)細(xì)胞PC12細(xì)胞予6 h氧糖剝奪,而后進(jìn)行24 h的復(fù)氧處理,結(jié)果顯示src同源2B適配體蛋白1可能通過激活JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路,抑制凋亡相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá),發(fā)揮對(duì)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的保護(hù)作用。
上述研究均表明,JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的激活,使STAT3或p-STAT3高表達(dá),從而發(fā)揮對(duì)腦損傷的保護(hù)作用。
3. 其他相關(guān)研究
Chen等[36]采用線栓法,使二月齡雄性C57BL/6小鼠缺血1 h后恢復(fù)灌注以制備短暫性MCAO(tMCAO)模型,之后用銀杏內(nèi)酯K(GK)等進(jìn)行治療,結(jié)果顯示GK能夠減少小鼠腦梗死體積和血腦屏障破壞并促進(jìn)其功能恢復(fù);促進(jìn)缺血半影區(qū)血管再生和缺血再灌注側(cè)腦血流恢復(fù);上調(diào)tMCAO模型小鼠腦內(nèi)HIF-1α、VEGF水平;對(duì)小鼠微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞b End3進(jìn)行GK預(yù)孵育可以改善其活力;GK能夠增加氧糖剝奪后b End3細(xì)胞內(nèi)HIF-1α、VEGF的表達(dá),促進(jìn)氧糖剝奪后b End3細(xì)胞內(nèi)的JAK2、STAT3的磷酸化;GK能夠改善氧糖剝奪后b End3細(xì)胞間緊密排列的破壞,促進(jìn)圓形管腔的形成。由此可見,GK通過激活JAK2/STAT3通路,使HIF-1α、VEGF表達(dá)增加,發(fā)揮其促進(jìn)血管再生的作用,減輕小鼠腦缺血再灌注損傷恢復(fù)期神經(jīng)功能的損傷,促進(jìn)了恢復(fù)期血管的再生。因此,JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α通路對(duì)血管再生的作用極其關(guān)鍵。
Zhang等[37]對(duì)人星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞行氧糖剝奪6 h,復(fù)氧12 h,并且在氧糖剝奪期間添加銀杏提取物,發(fā)現(xiàn)銀杏提取物能夠下調(diào)由氧糖剝奪引起的STAT3活化和促炎因子的生成,由此推測(cè),銀杏提取物發(fā)揮缺血性腦損傷保護(hù)作用的其中一個(gè)機(jī)制可能是抑制JAK2/STAT3通路的激活。Chen等[38]的研究證實(shí)同型半胱氨酸會(huì)激活缺血區(qū)線粒體STAT3,使腦缺血再灌注損傷后皮質(zhì)區(qū)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞損害加重。這可能是由于同型半胱氨酸引起的線粒體STAT3的過度激活導(dǎo)致腦缺血損害加重,p-STAT3活化的程度可能取決于p-STAT3表達(dá)所在的細(xì)胞位置和蛋白激活的程度。
另有研究顯示,缺血性腦卒中大鼠腦組織的微血管會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移逐漸增多[39]。這說明,隨著腦缺血的發(fā)生與發(fā)展,缺血組織周邊新生血管生成逐漸增多。然而,新生血管的生成與發(fā)展在腦缺血再灌注的不同時(shí)期作用并不相同。有研究顯示,在腦缺血再灌注不同時(shí)期給予外源性的VEGF,會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同的結(jié)局:在急性期會(huì)增加血腦屏障滲漏,誘發(fā)腦出血,使腦水腫加重;而在腦卒中24 h后給予重組丙酮酸激酶同型M2治療,則能激活STAT3信號(hào)通路,使VEGF生成增多,加速血管生成與神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng),促進(jìn)組織修復(fù)與功能恢復(fù)[40-41]。因此,VEGF在早期的增加對(duì)預(yù)后不利。
有研究表明,特異性敲除內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中STAT3對(duì)缺血性腦卒中急性期無(wú)明顯影響,但會(huì)增加修復(fù)期腦梗死體積,促血管表達(dá)再生因子減少,血管再生受到顯著的抑制,不利于預(yù)后,這表明STAT3對(duì)缺血再灌注腦損傷后的血管再生至關(guān)重要,特別是在晚期修復(fù)中[42]。
三、總結(jié)與展望
綜上所述,STAT3與神經(jīng)凋亡之間的關(guān)系可能和腦缺血程度、腦缺血p-STAT3表達(dá)所在的位置及其蛋白激活的程度以及腦缺血損傷再灌注階段有關(guān)。短暫局部的腦缺血發(fā)生后,STAT3可以通過調(diào)節(jié)與凋亡相關(guān)的信號(hào)通路、并使之表達(dá),從而達(dá)到抑制神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡、保護(hù)腦組織的目的;而嚴(yán)重全腦缺血或者是永久性局部性的腦缺血發(fā)生之后,STAT3的大量表達(dá)會(huì)導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)細(xì)胞受損;在腦缺血損傷再灌注的早期,STAT3能夠促進(jìn)新生血管的生成、發(fā)展,但同時(shí)增加了血腦屏障滲漏,從而誘發(fā)腦出血,導(dǎo)致病情加重。體內(nèi)與體外的研究結(jié)果也不盡相同,甚至可能得出相反的結(jié)論。受STAT3調(diào)控的HIF-1α在保護(hù)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞方面與STAT3呈正相關(guān),嚴(yán)重的全腦缺血或永久性的局部性腦缺血發(fā)生后,也會(huì)使神經(jīng)細(xì)胞受損,這可能與STAT3和HIF-1α的共同靶基因VEGF mRNA的表達(dá)有關(guān),而VEGF mRNA與血管的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。在血管生成的過程中,血管通透性增加,腦水腫也隨之加重。
針對(duì)JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路在大腦中的作用,目前的研究基本上為單純地采取促進(jìn)或抑制JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路表達(dá),而分階段地研究JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路對(duì)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的影響卻寥寥無(wú)幾。因此,在腦卒中急性期抑制JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的表達(dá),康復(fù)期激動(dòng)JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路的表達(dá),抑制與激動(dòng)結(jié)合運(yùn)用在同一個(gè)體上將比單純地抑制或激動(dòng)取得更加滿意的效果,這可能是今后的研究方向之一,這將有利于研究人員深入地了解JAK2/STAT3/HIF-1α信號(hào)通路在大腦中的作用,為相關(guān)藥物在腦缺血再灌注后不同階段的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù),對(duì)腦缺血再灌注患者的康復(fù)與預(yù)后具有重要的意義。
參 考 文 獻(xiàn)
[1] Harhous Z, Badawi S, Bona NG, Pillot B, Augeul L, Paillard M, Booz GW, Canet-Soulas E, Ovize M, Kurdi M, Bidaux G. Critical appraisal of STAT3 pattern in adult cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol,2019,131:91-100.
[2] Meng X, Gr?tsch B, Luo Y, Knaup KX, Wiesener MS, Chen XX, Jantsch J, Fillatreau S, Schett G, Bozec A. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is a critical transcription factor for IL-10-producing B cells in autoimmune disease. Nat Commun,2018,9(1):251.
[3] Qian T, Hong J, Wang L, Wang Z, Lu Z, Li Y, Liu R, Chu Y. Regulation of CD11b by HIF-1α and the STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to the immunosuppressive function of B cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Mol Immunol,2019,111:162-171.
[4] Xu H, Zhang YM, Sun H, Chen SH, Si YK. Electroacupuncture at GV20 and ST36 exerts neuroprotective effects via the EPO-Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Cerebral Ischemic Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2017,2017:6027421.
[5] 李哲,劉樹佳,陳進(jìn)杰,陳加家,翁玉玲.熟地黃多糖靶向TNF-α/STAT3通路抑制鼻咽癌增殖轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)制.廣東醫(yī)學(xué),2018,39(22):3305-3309.
[6] 魏美美,毛啟遠(yuǎn),宋夢(mèng)蝶,李曉寧,毛宇湘.化濁解毒軟堅(jiān)方對(duì)H22肝癌荷瘤小鼠腫瘤組織中IL-6和STAT3蛋白表達(dá)的影響.中醫(yī)雜志,2019,60(9):790-793.
[7] 趙媚,許光蘭,李嬌,陳平,鐘云青,李國(guó)生.清金化痰顆粒對(duì)慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期痰熱郁肺型大鼠肺組織JAK/STAT信號(hào)通路的影響.中醫(yī)雜志,2019,60(8):696-700.
[8] 聶國(guó)青,王新強(qiáng),楊明英.中藥靛玉紅衍生物通過信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)子和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活子3途徑促進(jìn)胃癌細(xì)胞自噬.世界華人消化雜志,2017,25(36):3184-3190.
[9] 陳少芳,王章林,萬(wàn)石川.加味小柴胡湯人含藥血清對(duì)HepG2.2.15細(xì)胞的干預(yù)作用研究.中華中醫(yī)藥學(xué)刊,2018,36(1):38-41.
[10] 王靜歡,鄒利,萬(wàn)東,祝慧鳳,王園,秦蕾.梓醇多效性相關(guān)信號(hào)通路研究進(jìn)展.中國(guó)藥理學(xué)通報(bào),2015,31(9):1189-1194.
[11] Li Y, Zhang X, Cui L, Chen R, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhu X, He T, Shen Z, Dong L, Zhao J, Wen Y, Zheng X, Li P. Salvianolic acids enhance cerebral angiogenesis and neurological recovery by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway after ischemic stroke in mice. J Neurochem,2017,143(1):87-99.
[12] 李善勇,張光煒,張?zhí)炱?IL-22激活角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞STAT3修復(fù)小鼠口腔黏膜創(chuàng)傷實(shí)驗(yàn)研究.臨床和實(shí)驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2019,18(15):1586-1590.
[13] 劉娜,張哲,穆華,梁傳棟.去甲腎上腺素和哌唑嗪對(duì)瘦素誘導(dǎo)肝星狀細(xì)胞活化增殖和JAK2-STAT3信號(hào)通路及活性氧產(chǎn)生的影響.中國(guó)臨床藥理學(xué)雜志,2016,32(20):1886-1889.
[14] 王健,徐杰,安雪青,呂健東.雌激素活化GPER介導(dǎo)的IL-6/STAT3通路促進(jìn)乳腺癌細(xì)胞SKBR-3增殖作用.第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2015,37(4):340-345.
[15] 薛恩興,張雪,陳成旺,張宇,張凌洲.瘦素通過JAK2/STAT3途徑調(diào)控椎間盤髓核細(xì)胞的分解代謝.中國(guó)病理生理雜志,2015,31(9):1673-1679.
[16] Bhatta P, Dhukhwa A, Sheehan K, Al Aameri RFH, Borse V, Ghosh S, Sheth S, Mamillapalli C, Rybak L, Ramkumar V, Mukherjea D. ?Capsaicin protects against cisplatin ototoxicity by changing the STAT3/STAT1 ratio and activating cannabinoid (CB2) receptors in the cochlea. Sci Rep,2019, 9(1):4131.
[17] Morris R, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ. The molecular details of cytokine signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway. Protein Sci,2018,27(12):1984-2009.
[18] 曾潔,柳青,林愛華.廣州市社區(qū)中老年人群缺血性腦卒中影響因素分析及發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè).中山大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)版),2016,37(4):614-620.
[19] Al Adas Z, Shepard AD, Weaver MR, Miller DJ, Nypaver TJ, Modi S, Affan M, Nour K, Balraj P, Kabbani LS. Cere-brovascular injuries found in acute type B aortic dissections are associated with blood pressure derangements and poor outcome. J Vasc Surg,2018,68(5):1308-1313.
[20] Alexander KA, Tseng HW, Fleming W, Jose B, Salga M, Kulina I, Millard SM, Pettit AR, Genêt F, Levesque JP. Inhibition of JAK1/2 tyrosine kinases reduces neurogenic heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury. Front Immunol, 2019,10:377.
[21] Steelman AJ, Zhou Y, Koito H, Kim S, Payne HR, Lu QR, Li J. Activation of oligodendroglial Stat3 is required for efficient remyelination. Neurobiol Dis,2016,91:336-346.
[22] 張家輝. 化橘紅柚皮苷調(diào)控Nrf2/HO-1及JAK2/STAT3信號(hào)通路保護(hù)腦缺血再灌注損傷的機(jī)制研究. 南京:南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),2017.
[23] Hu GQ, Du X, Li YJ, Gao XQ, Chen BQ, Yu L. Inhibition of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis: nicoti-florin and JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Neural Regen Res,2017,12(1):96-102.
[24] Wu Y, Xu J, Xu J, Zheng W, Chen Q, Jiao D. Study on the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory reaction after cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep,2018,17(4):5007-5012.
[25] An JY, Pang HG, Huang TQ, Song JN, Li DD, Zhao YL, Ma XD. AG490 ameliorates early brain injury via inhibition of JAK2/STAT3-mediated regulation of HMGB1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Ther Med,2018,15(2):1330-1338.
[26] Tian YS, Zhong D, Liu QQ, Zhao XL, Sun HX, Jin J, Wang HN, Li GZ. Upregulation of miR-216a exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic injury through negatively regulating JAK2/STAT3-involved apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. J Neurosurg,2018,130(3):977-988.
[27] Ding Y, Qian J, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Kong Y, Xu Z, Chen G. Effects of SC99 on cerebral ischemia-perfusion injury in rats: Selective modulation of microglia polarization to M2 phenotype via inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Neurosci Res,2019,142:58-68.
[28] 王仕平. miRNA-124/STAT3信號(hào)通路減輕大鼠腦出血后神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡的機(jī)制研究. 昆明:昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué),2017.
[29] Wei S, Luo C, Yu S, Gao J, Liu C, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Wei L, Yi B. Erythropoietin ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage by modulating microglia polarization via the EPOR/JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Exp Cell Res,2017,361(2):342-352.
[30] Krafft PR, McBride D, Rolland WB, Lekic T, Flores JJ, Zhang JH. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation attenuates neuroinflammation through JAK2-STAT3 activation in murine models of intracerebral hemorrhage. Biomed Res Int,2017,2017:8134653.
[31] Tang Y, Tong X, Li Y, Jiang G, Yu M, Chen Y, Dong S. JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in the protective effects of epidermal growth factor receptor activation against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Neurosci Lett,2018,662:219-226.
[32] Dong W, Xian Y, Yuan W, Huifeng Z, Tao W, Zhiqiang L, Shan F, Ya F, Hongli W, Jinghuan W, Lei Q, Li Z, Hongyi Q. Catalpol stimulates VEGF production via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to improve angiogenesis in rats stroke model. J Ethnopharmacol,2016,191:169-179.
[33] Gao GS, Li Y, Zhai H, Bi JW, Zhang FS, Zhang XY, Fan SH. Humanin analogue, S14G-humanin, has neuroprotective effects against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation by reactivating Jak2/Stat3 signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Ther Med,2017,14(4):3926-3934.
[34] Wang B, Guo H, Li X, Yue L, Liu H, Zhao L, Bai H, Liu X, Wu X, Qu Y. Adiponectin attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced mitochondrial oxidative injury and apoptosis in hippocampal HT22 cells via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Cell Transplant,2018,27(12):1731-1743.
[35] Yuan J, Zeng L, Sun Y, Wang N, Sun Q, Cheng Z, Wang Y. SH2B1 protects against OGD/R induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep,2018,18(3):2613-2620.
[36] Chen M, Zou W, Chen M, Cao L, Ding J, Xiao W, Hu G. Ginkgolide K promotes angiogenesis in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model via activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol,2018,833:221-229.
[37] Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang B, Zheng Y, Yao M, Sun M, Xu L, Lin C, Chang D, Tian F. Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits astrocytic lipocalin-2 expression and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway after ischemic brain stroke. Front Pharmacol,2018,9:518.
[38] Chen S, Dong Z, Zhao Y, Sai N, Wang X, Liu H, Huang G, Zhang X. Homocysteine induces mitochondrial dysfunction involving the crosstalk between oxidative stress and mitochondrial pSTAT3 in rat ischemic brain. Sci Rep,2017,7(1):6932.
[39] Guo H, Adah D, James PB, Liu Q, Li G, Ahmadu P, Chai L, Wang S, Liu Y, Hu L. Xueshuantong injection (lyophilized) attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by the activation of Nrf2-VEGF pathway. Neurochem Res,2018,43(5):1096-1103.
[40] Zhang HT, Zhang P, Gao Y, Li CL, Wang HJ, Chen LC, Feng Y, Li RY, Li YL, Jiang CL. Early VEGF inhibition attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic rat brains by regulating the expression of MMPs. Mol Med Rep,2017,15(1):57-64.
[41] Chen D, Wei L, Liu ZR, Yang JJ, Gu X, Wei ZZ, Liu LP, Yu SP. Pyruvate kinase M2 increases angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and functional recovery mediated by upregulation of STAT3 and focal adhesion kinase activities after ischemic stroke in adult mice. Neurotherapeutics,2018,15(3):770-784.
[42] Hoffmann CJ, Harms U, Rex A, Szulzewsky F, Wolf SA, Grittner U, L?ttig-Tünnemann G, Sendtner M, Kettenmann H, Dirnagl U, Endres M, Harms C. Vascular signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 promotes angiogenesis and neuroplasticity long-term after stroke. Circulation,2015,131(20):1772-1782.
(收稿日期:2019-11-01)
(本文編輯:林燕薇)