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中國(guó)示范文本中的保險(xiǎn)條款(下)

2020-02-17 10:18/
建筑 2020年13期
關(guān)鍵詞:發(fā)包人保險(xiǎn)合同保險(xiǎn)人

文 / 李 健

工程合同譯評(píng)(19)

我們已經(jīng)討論了中國(guó)示范文本(GF-2017-0201)中“18. 保險(xiǎn)”子條款18.1 工程保險(xiǎn)Insurance for Works、18.2工傷保險(xiǎn)Work-related Injury Insurance、18.3其他保險(xiǎn)Other Insurances翻譯中涉及的語(yǔ)言、法律或工程問(wèn)題。今天我們繼續(xù)討論中國(guó)示范文本(GF-2017-0201)中“18. 保險(xiǎn)”的其他子條款。

原文1:18.4 持續(xù)保險(xiǎn)

合同當(dāng)事人應(yīng)與保險(xiǎn)人保持聯(lián)系,使保險(xiǎn)人能夠隨時(shí)了解工程實(shí)施中的變動(dòng),并確保按保險(xiǎn)合同條款要求持續(xù)保險(xiǎn)。

試譯:18.4 Maintaining the Insurance

The Insuring Party of the Contract should keep in contact with the Insurer, keep the insurer informed of relevant changes to the execution of the Works, and ensure that the insurance is maintained in accordance with the clauses of the insurance contract.

點(diǎn)評(píng):1.本款規(guī)定了投保人兩項(xiàng)義務(wù):一是通知保險(xiǎn)人有關(guān)變動(dòng)relevant changes to the execution of the Works的義務(wù),二是持續(xù)保險(xiǎn)Maintaining the Insurance的義務(wù)。

2.工程建設(shè)實(shí)踐中,往往工程施工周期長(zhǎng)、施工環(huán)境復(fù)雜多變,隨著工程的推進(jìn),工程的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素和事故概率也會(huì)出現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)的變化,保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)了解工程實(shí)施中的相關(guān)變化情況。投保人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)通知保險(xiǎn)人有關(guān)變動(dòng)的情況——這本是保險(xiǎn)合同當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系。在建設(shè)工程施工合同中,通知的義務(wù)只需明確由誰(shuí)去承擔(dān)即可;至于以什么方式通知、在什么時(shí)間通知、按什么程序通知,以及通知費(fèi)用的承擔(dān)等,則都屬于保險(xiǎn)合同的內(nèi)容。同時(shí),投保人應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)工程進(jìn)行持續(xù)保險(xiǎn),以免因?yàn)楣て谘娱L(zhǎng)等因素導(dǎo)致原保險(xiǎn)合同過(guò)期的情況發(fā)生。

3.本款中文原文句子主語(yǔ)是“合同當(dāng)事人”,由于在建設(shè)工程施工合同中,合同當(dāng)事人是兩方主體,因此本款兩項(xiàng)義務(wù)的履行人到底是誰(shuí)實(shí)際上是不明確的。合同是設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議,權(quán)利義務(wù)的主體應(yīng)當(dāng)清楚明確。試譯中按照本來(lái)含義,將原文中的“合同當(dāng)事人”還原成在建設(shè)工程施工合同中實(shí)際投保的那一方當(dāng)事人,即The Insuring Party of the Contract。這樣,某項(xiàng)保險(xiǎn)實(shí)際由誰(shuí)辦理,那么其通知義務(wù)和持續(xù)保險(xiǎn)義務(wù)就由該方當(dāng)事人履行。

原文2:18.5 保險(xiǎn)憑證

合同當(dāng)事人應(yīng)及時(shí)向另一方當(dāng)事人提交其已投保的各項(xiàng)保險(xiǎn)的憑證和保險(xiǎn)單復(fù)印件。

試譯:18.5 Evidence of Insurance

One of the Parties of the Contract should submit to the other all the evidences of the insurance he has effected and the copies of the policies.

點(diǎn)評(píng):1.本款規(guī)定了合同當(dāng)事人互相提供保險(xiǎn)憑證Evidence of Insurance的義務(wù)。

2.實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中,保險(xiǎn)單通常是記載保險(xiǎn)人和投保人(不當(dāng)然是被保險(xiǎn)人)之間保險(xiǎn)權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的書面協(xié)議,也是對(duì)(建設(shè)工程施工合同)當(dāng)事人是否已經(jīng)按照約定投保以及投保詳細(xì)情況的最直接證明。在中國(guó),工程建設(shè)保險(xiǎn)尚不發(fā)達(dá)。為引導(dǎo)(建設(shè)工程施工合同)當(dāng)事人辦理建設(shè)工程保險(xiǎn),示范文本本款規(guī)定,合同當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)互相提供保險(xiǎn)憑證。鑒于持續(xù)保險(xiǎn)是投保一方當(dāng)事人的義務(wù),這里提供的保險(xiǎn)憑證自然應(yīng)當(dāng)包括有關(guān)持續(xù)保險(xiǎn)的憑證。

3.為了使得本款義務(wù)履行起來(lái)更加順利,當(dāng)事人當(dāng)然可以在專用條款中約定互相提供保險(xiǎn)憑證的具體時(shí)間,還可以明確在約定時(shí)間未提供保險(xiǎn)憑證的后果。

原文3:18.6 未按約定投保的補(bǔ)救

18.6.1 發(fā)包人未按合同約定辦理保險(xiǎn),或未能使保險(xiǎn)持續(xù)有效的,則承包人可代為辦理,所需費(fèi)用由發(fā)包人承擔(dān)。發(fā)包人未按合同約定辦理保險(xiǎn),導(dǎo)致未能得到足額賠償?shù)模砂l(fā)包人負(fù)責(zé)補(bǔ)足。

18.6.2 承包人未按合同約定辦理保險(xiǎn),或未能使保險(xiǎn)持續(xù)有效的,則發(fā)包人可代為辦理,所需費(fèi)用由承包人承擔(dān)。承包人未按合同約定辦理保險(xiǎn),導(dǎo)致未能得到足額賠償?shù)?,由承包人?fù)責(zé)補(bǔ)足。

試譯:18.6 Remedy for Failure to Insure as Agreed

18.6.1 Where the Employer has failed to effect or keep in force any of the insurances in accordance with the Contract, the Contractor may effect the insurance for the relevant coverage for the Employer, and the amount of expenditure must be assumed by the Employer. Where the Employer has failed to effect an insurance in accordance with the Contract, resulting in no full compensation for the Contractor under the insurance, the difference must be paid by the Employer.

18.6.2 Where the Contractor has failed to effect or keep in force any of the insurances in accordance with the Contract, the Contractor may effect the insurance for the relevant coverage for the Contractor, and the amount of expenditure must be assumed by the Contractor. Where the Contractor has failed to effect an insurance in accordance with the Contract, resulting in no full compensation for the Employer under the insurance, the difference must be paid by the Contractor.

點(diǎn)評(píng):1.本款規(guī)定了當(dāng)事人不按合同約定投保的救濟(jì)方法,包括兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容,一是未違約方代為辦理保險(xiǎn)的權(quán)利;二是違約方承擔(dān)投保所生費(fèi)用的義務(wù),以及賠付不足時(shí)的補(bǔ)足義務(wù)。

2.實(shí)踐中,如果出現(xiàn)一方當(dāng)事人違約辦理保險(xiǎn)的情況,另一方當(dāng)事人可以先行提示,如果對(duì)方仍然不辦理,則守約一方可以根據(jù)本款行使自己的代為辦理保險(xiǎn)的權(quán)利,以維護(hù)自己在本應(yīng)辦理的保險(xiǎn)下的權(quán)益。守約一方代為辦理相應(yīng)保險(xiǎn)后,應(yīng)當(dāng)保存好保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)、繳費(fèi)單據(jù),甚至為代辦保險(xiǎn)而支出的其他費(fèi)用單據(jù),以便作為依據(jù)要求對(duì)方承擔(dān)代為投保所生費(fèi)用。

3.應(yīng)注意到,試用remedy來(lái)譯“補(bǔ)救”。實(shí)際上,可用來(lái)翻譯“補(bǔ)救”“救濟(jì)”的另一個(gè)常見詞是relief。有文獻(xiàn)指出,Before the Merger of Law and Equity, the conventional terminology was “a remedy at law” or “relief in equity.” Now the terms “remedy” and “relief ” are largely interchangeable,although the former is more often used in reference to damages and the latter in reference to other kinds of relief。這顯示,早些時(shí)候,remedy更多在普通法意義上使用“a remedy at law”,而releif更多在衡平法意義上使用“relief in equity”;但這兩個(gè)詞現(xiàn)在基本可以互換使用,remedy更多用于損害的賠償救濟(jì),relief則主要是其他形式的救濟(jì)。此外,實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,remedy相對(duì)具體,可數(shù);relief則相對(duì)抽象,不可數(shù)。

原文4:18.7 通知義務(wù)

除專用合同條款另有約定外,發(fā)包人變更除工傷保險(xiǎn)之外的保險(xiǎn)合同時(shí),應(yīng)事先征得承包人同意,并通知監(jiān)理人;承包人變更除工傷保險(xiǎn)之外的保險(xiǎn)合同時(shí),應(yīng)事先征得發(fā)包人同意,并通知監(jiān)理人。

保險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生時(shí),投保人應(yīng)按照保險(xiǎn)合同規(guī)定的條件和期限及時(shí)向保險(xiǎn)人報(bào)告。發(fā)包人和承包人應(yīng)當(dāng)在知道保險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生后及時(shí)通知對(duì)方。

試譯:18.7 Obligation of Notification

Except agreed otherwise in the Particular Conditions, the Employer must get the prior consent of the Contractor when he would alter the insurance contracts other than the Workrelated Injury Insurance contract, and give notice to the Project Management Unit; the Contractor must get the prior consent of the Employer when he would alter the insurance contracts other than the Work-related Injury Insurance contract, and give notice to the Project Management Unit.

At the occurrence of the insured event, the insuring Party must report the occurrence to the insurer in accordance with the terms and the time limit under the insurance contract. The Employer or the Contractor must give notice to the other Party of the occurrence of the insured event in time after knowing it.

點(diǎn)評(píng):1.本款規(guī)定了當(dāng)事人關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)的通知義務(wù)Obligation of Notification,包括兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容,一是變更保險(xiǎn)后的通知義務(wù),二是保險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生后的通知義務(wù)。

2.根據(jù)本款,一方當(dāng)事人要變更alter保險(xiǎn)合同,其在程序上應(yīng)當(dāng)事先征得對(duì)方同意the prior consent of the other party。這個(gè)程序很重要,可以限制合同當(dāng)事人變更保險(xiǎn)合同的隨意性,以維持保險(xiǎn)的持續(xù)有效keep the insurances in force。鑒于監(jiān)理單位在監(jiān)督工程實(shí)施中的重要作用,保險(xiǎn)合同變更后,通知give notice to監(jiān)理單位是必要的。保險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生the occurrence of the insured event后,一方面投保人應(yīng)當(dāng)通知保險(xiǎn)人(這是保險(xiǎn)合同的當(dāng)然內(nèi)容),另一方面當(dāng)事人有義務(wù)及時(shí)通知對(duì)方,以降低保險(xiǎn)事故對(duì)工程實(shí)施的影響,減少損失或避免損失擴(kuò)大。

3.實(shí)踐中,發(fā)包人和承包人可以在專用條款中約定下列事項(xiàng)以避免履行本款時(shí)可能發(fā)生的糾紛:第一,允許當(dāng)事人一方變更保險(xiǎn)合同的具體范圍和內(nèi)容;第二,保險(xiǎn)合同變后,通知監(jiān)理單位的方式和期限;第三,保險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生后,通知對(duì)方的方式和期限。

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