国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

基質(zhì)配比對(duì)向日葵容器苗根系生長(zhǎng)的影響

2020-01-16 07:39夏康生郭晶晶沈雅君李炳宇王紅兵
關(guān)鍵詞:向日葵生物量

夏康生 郭晶晶 沈雅君 李炳宇 王紅兵

摘? 要: 采用單因素完全隨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)置3種基質(zhì)配比(火山石、黏土),對(duì)向日葵(Helianthus annuus)生長(zhǎng)季末的苗高、莖粗、生物量,以及根系體積、表面積、長(zhǎng)度、根尖數(shù)、平均直徑進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:基質(zhì)配比對(duì)向日葵生長(zhǎng)的影響顯著,主要體現(xiàn)在干物質(zhì)積累、根系發(fā)育,及土壤物理指標(biāo)方面。通過(guò)對(duì)比,提供了一種較理想的基質(zhì)配比,可培育高質(zhì)量向日葵一年生容器苗,并提高向日葵產(chǎn)量。

關(guān)鍵詞: 向日葵(Helianthus annuus); 小規(guī)格容器苗; 基質(zhì)配比; 生物量; 根系生長(zhǎng)

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): S 63? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: A? ? 文章編號(hào): 1000-5137(2020)06-0671-06

Abstract: The experiment was designed in a completely random way using a single factor of cultivation substrate compositions (lapilli and clay soil).Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) lived in the substrates were analyzed on their height,stem diameter,biomass,root volume,root surface area,length,root tip number at the end of the growing season.The results showed that there were significant influences of substrate compositions on sunflower growth,which mainly embodied in the accumulation of dry biomass,root system development,and soil physical indicators.Finally,an optimal substrate composition was found and used for the annual container seedlings of sunflower to increase its quality and yield.

Key words: sunflower(Helianthus annuus); small-container seedling; cultivation substrate composition; biomass; root growth

0? 引? 言

根系是植物存活和生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的重要器官,起著固著植株和吸收運(yùn)輸水分和養(yǎng)分的作用,是決定植物產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)也是與土壤發(fā)生接觸的前沿,受到土壤質(zhì)量的直接影響。所以研究土壤-根系關(guān)系具有重要意義。在土質(zhì)黏重地區(qū),土壤滲透速率差是制約植物生長(zhǎng)的主要因素,也是土壤改良的重點(diǎn)。目前對(duì)于菊科植物基質(zhì)配比的研究多以草炭土、珍珠巖、河沙、泥炭、蛭石等作為基質(zhì)來(lái)研究其物理性狀對(duì)幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響[1]。以火山石和黏土作為栽培基質(zhì)的相關(guān)研究較少,國(guó)內(nèi)趙帆等[2]在鐵皮石斛的栽培基質(zhì)中以松樹(shù)皮、水苔、火山石、刨花為基質(zhì),得出以質(zhì)量比為m(火山石)∶m(松樹(shù)皮)∶m(刨花)=10∶4∶1的基質(zhì),更適合蘇州地區(qū)家庭模式栽培。

向日葵(Helianthus annuus)別名太陽(yáng)花,是菊科向日葵屬的一年生草本植物,其原產(chǎn)北美洲,在世界各地均有栽培,是重要的油料作物,同時(shí)也具有極高的觀賞價(jià)值。因其播種出苗快,幼苗生長(zhǎng)迅速,幼苗生長(zhǎng)需要大量的營(yíng)養(yǎng),更容易通過(guò)幼苗的生長(zhǎng)檢測(cè)土壤基質(zhì)的適應(yīng)性[3]。在向日葵栽培基質(zhì)中混以火山石的研究尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本研究以向日葵為供試對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)火山石和黏土按不同比例混合后的3種基質(zhì),在水肥、光照、溫度等栽培條件相同的情況下,研究其對(duì)向日葵生長(zhǎng)的影響,篩選出最佳栽培基質(zhì)配比,并研究了不同滲透速率情形下根系的形態(tài)響應(yīng)特征,旨在為向日葵優(yōu)質(zhì)容器苗的培育提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)參考。

1? 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境及實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

本實(shí)驗(yàn)選用河北雙星種業(yè)雙星八號(hào)食用葵。栽培介質(zhì)中的火山石來(lái)自浙江義烏生產(chǎn)的納麗雅品牌,所用規(guī)格:粒徑約1 cm。實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)在上海師范大學(xué)奉賢校區(qū)植物種質(zhì)資源開(kāi)發(fā)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心科研基地(30°50′34″N,121°31′45″E)內(nèi),自然光照。

1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

培育基質(zhì)配比為:S1組,火山石60.0%、黏土17.9%、堆肥20.0%、復(fù)合肥2.0%,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù);S2組,火山石30.0%、黏土47.9%、堆肥20.0%、復(fù)合肥2.0%,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù);S3組,黏土77.0%、堆肥20.0%、復(fù)合肥2.0%,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),如表1所示。經(jīng)過(guò)2周穴盤(pán)育苗后,于2020年5月13日篩選出生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)良好且相似的36棵植株移栽至外口徑為18 cm、底徑13 cm、高15 cm的花盆中。將36棵植株樣本進(jìn)行3種處理,每個(gè)處理設(shè)置12個(gè)重復(fù)。分別于2020年6月1日、10日、20日,7月1日測(cè)量苗木的株高、地徑[4]。具體方法為:每個(gè)處理水平選取12盆幼苗,分別用卷尺和游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)定其株高及地徑,第1次測(cè)定時(shí)用記號(hào)筆進(jìn)行標(biāo)記,以確保之后每次測(cè)定的幼苗為同一株[5]。當(dāng)向日葵葉片微黃時(shí)進(jìn)行收獲,采用整株挖掘法。收獲后按處理方向歸類(lèi),每個(gè)處理選出3棵用來(lái)做土壤容重、孔隙度、含水量、滲透速率實(shí)驗(yàn),其余9棵用電子天平分別測(cè)定植株根、莖、葉、枝,以及花托的鮮重。用烘干箱80 ℃烘干至恒重,烘干后按處理方向分別測(cè)定根、冠的干重。

1.3 指標(biāo)測(cè)定及數(shù)據(jù)分析

[1] 尹文亮,鐘倩蘭,孔衛(wèi)晨.萬(wàn)壽菊栽培基質(zhì)配比篩選試驗(yàn) [J].安徽農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào),2017,23(9):119-123.

YIN W L,ZHONG Q L,KONG W C.Matrix selection of Marigold cultivation [J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017(9):119-123.

[2] 趙帆,吉慶佳,李德立,等.蘇州地區(qū)基于家庭模式的鐵皮石斛栽培基質(zhì)的篩選研究 [J].現(xiàn)代園藝,2020(6):10-11.ZHAO F,JI Q J,LI D L,et al.Study on the optimal substrate for Dendroblum officinate based on the family model in Suzhou [J].Modern Horticulture,2020,402(6):12-13.

[3] 王雪芹,李凱,吳超然,等.園林廢棄物在觀賞向日葵播種中的應(yīng)用[J].黑龍江農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2019(4):30-33,57.

WANG X Q,LI K,WU C R,et al.Application of garden waste in ornamental sunflower seeding [J].Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2019(4):30-33,57.

[4] NAN H W,L Q,CHEN J S,et al.Effects of nutrient heterogeneity and competition on root architecture of spruce seedlings:implications for an essential feature of root foraging [J].PLoS ONE,2018,8(6):e65650.

[5] 姜瑞芳,劉艷紅.土壤基質(zhì)和水分對(duì)珙桐幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響 [J].西北林學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2016,31(4):134-139,164.

JIANG R F,LIU Y H.Effects of soil matrix and moisture on the growth of Davidia involucrata seedlings [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(4):134-139,164.

[6] 劉麗娜.水曲柳根系徑級(jí)和序級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)特性分析 [J].山西林業(yè)科技,2015,44(1):18-23.

LIU L N.Analysis on diameter and order characteristics of root system of Fraxinus mandshurica [J].Shanxi Forestry Science and Technology,2015,44(1):18-23.

[7] 范偉國(guó),楊洪強(qiáng).不同基質(zhì)對(duì)平邑甜茶幼樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)、根系形態(tài)與營(yíng)養(yǎng)吸收的影響 [J].植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)與肥料學(xué)報(bào),2009,15(4):936-941.

FAN W G,YANG H Q.Effects of different medium on growth,root morphology and nutrients uptake of Malus hupehensis [J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(4):936-941.

[8] LUIS V C,LLORCA M,CHIRINO E,et al. Differences in morphology,gas exchange and root hydraulic conductance before planting in Pinus canariensis seedlings growing under different fertilization and light regimes [J].Trees,2010,24(6):1143-1150.

[9] 王藝,王秀花,張麗珍,等.不同栽培基質(zhì)對(duì)浙江楠和閩楠容器苗生長(zhǎng)和根系發(fā)育的影響 [J].植物資源與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào),2013,22(3):81-87.

WANG Y,WANG X H,ZHANG L Z,et al.Effects of different cultivation substrates on growth and root system development of container seedlings of Phoebe chekiangensis and P.bournei [J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2013,22(3):81-87.

[10] 楚秀麗,王秀花,張東北,等.基質(zhì)配比和緩釋肥添加量對(duì)浙江楠大規(guī)格容器苗質(zhì)量的影響 [J].南京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2015,39(6):67-73.

CHU X L,WANG X H,ZHANG D B,et al.Effect of substrate ratio and slow-release fertilizer loading on the quality of large size container seedlings of Phoebe chekiangensis [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(6):67-73.

[11] 李雙喜,楊曾獎(jiǎng),徐大平,等.水分、養(yǎng)分和寄主對(duì)檀香幼苗根系生長(zhǎng)及營(yíng)養(yǎng)吸收的影響 [J].植物資源與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào),2015,24(1):61-68.

LI S X,YANG Z J,XU D P,et al.Effects of water,nutrient and host on root growth and nutrient absorption of Santalum album seedling [J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2015,24(1):61-68.

[12] 肖遙,楚秀麗,王秀花,等.緩釋肥加載對(duì)3種珍貴樹(shù)種大規(guī)格容器苗生長(zhǎng)和N、P庫(kù)構(gòu)建的影響 [J].林業(yè)科學(xué)研究,2015,28(6):781-787.

XIAO Y,CHU X L,WANG X H,et al.Effect of slow-release fertilizer loading on growth and N,P accumulation of container-growing seedlings for three precious tree species [J].Forest Research,2015,28(6):781-787.

[13] 程中倩,李國(guó)雷.氮肥和容器深度對(duì)栓皮櫟容器苗生長(zhǎng)、根系結(jié)構(gòu)及養(yǎng)分貯存的影響 [J].林業(yè)科學(xué),2016,52(4):21-29.

CHENG Z Q,LI G L.Effects of nitrogen supply and container size on seedling growth,root characteristics,and nutrient status in Quercus variabilis container seedlings [J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(4):21-29.

[14] 顧湯華,嚴(yán)巍,夏蘊(yùn)強(qiáng),等.土壤改良對(duì)櫻花根系的影響研究 [J].中國(guó)城市林業(yè),2017,15(4):21-25.

GU T H,YAN W,XIA Y Q,et al.Influence of soil improvement on cherry root system [J].Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry,2017,15(4):21-25.

[15] 嚴(yán)巍,楊瑞卿,胡永紅.不同栽培基質(zhì)條件對(duì)4種行道樹(shù)苗木根系生長(zhǎng)的影響 [J].南京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2019,43(4):192-198.

YAN W,YANG R Q,HU Y H.Effects of different planting matrices on the root growth of four roadside trees in Shanghai [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2019,43(4):192-198.

[16] 尹金遷,趙墾田,鄒林紅.基質(zhì)和溫度對(duì)巨柏移植苗根系生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響 [J].西部林業(yè)科學(xué),2017,46(5):87-92.

YIN J Q,ZHAO K T,ZOU L H.Impact of different substrates and temperatures on the growth and development of Cupressus gigantea transplant seedling roots [J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,2017,46(5):87-92.

[17] 周建文.紅壤穿透阻力對(duì)玉米根系及水分關(guān)系的影響 [D].武漢:華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué),2014.

ZHOU J W.Effects of soil penetration resistance on maize root and water relations in a red soil [D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2014.

(責(zé)任編輯:顧浩然,郁慧)

猜你喜歡
向日葵生物量
我的向日葵
向日葵
輪牧能有效促進(jìn)高寒草地生物量和穩(wěn)定性
6年前的向日葵
不同NPK組合對(duì)芳樟油料林生物量的影響及聚類(lèi)分析
草地生物量遙感估算方法綜述
向日葵
生物量高的富鋅酵母的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用
基于SPOT-5遙感影像估算玉米成熟期地上生物量及其碳氮累積量
水分脅迫對(duì)烤煙氨同化和生物量的影響
彝良县| 兴山县| 黔西| 阿巴嘎旗| 菏泽市| 汉川市| 南平市| 东乡族自治县| 庄浪县| 蓬莱市| 奈曼旗| 娄底市| 迁西县| 徐水县| 普格县| 紫云| 泰兴市| 阿克苏市| 泸溪县| 宜良县| 九龙城区| 屏边| 平安县| 高陵县| 贡觉县| 沅陵县| 定安县| 双牌县| 嘉荫县| 花莲县| 博罗县| 磴口县| 罗山县| 卢龙县| 章丘市| 竹北市| 朔州市| 惠东县| 桐柏县| 阳朔县| 布拖县|