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白細(xì)胞介素、干擾素與精神分裂癥相關(guān)性的研究

2019-12-17 08:09朱曉勇金巧巧
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2019年29期
關(guān)鍵詞:白細(xì)胞介素免疫功能干擾素

朱曉勇 金巧巧

[摘要] 目的 研究精神分裂癥患者血清白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12和IFN-γ水平變化及其在精神分裂癥診斷和治療中的意義。 方法 選擇2016年1月~2019年1月期間本院收治的精神分裂癥患者60例作為觀察組,以60例體檢健康者作為正常對照組,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)檢測兩組血清白細(xì)胞介素及干擾素水平,比較觀察組基線與對照組血清白細(xì)胞介素及干擾素水平、治療前后觀察組白細(xì)胞介素及干擾素濃度,分析治療前后白細(xì)胞介素及干擾素水平變化與療效的關(guān)系、白細(xì)胞介素及干擾素水平間的相關(guān)性等。 結(jié)果 觀察組基線IL-6水平顯著高于對照組,IL-8、IL-10、IFN-γ水平顯著低于對照組(P<0.05),IL-4和IL-12水平與對照組比較,無顯著差異(P>0.05);利培酮治療前后觀察組血清白細(xì)胞介素和干擾素水平比較,無顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P>0.05);觀察組IL-4水平與IL-10水平呈正相關(guān),IL-12與IFN-γ呈正相關(guān)。 結(jié)論 精神分裂癥患者免疫功能存在紊亂,白細(xì)胞介素及干擾素網(wǎng)絡(luò)受損,不同類型、人群和性別可能存在不同狀態(tài)的免疫功能異常,白細(xì)胞介素、干擾素和精神分裂癥的相關(guān)性有待進(jìn)一步研究。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 精神分裂癥;白細(xì)胞介素;干擾素;免疫功能

[中圖分類號] R749.3 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1673-9701(2019)29-0005-04

Study on the relationship between interleukin, interferon and schizophrenia

ZHU Xiaoyong ? JIN Qiaoqiao

Department of Psychiatry, the Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xi'ning ? 810000, China

[Abstract] Objective To study the changes of serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels in patients with schizophrenia and their significance in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Methods A total of 60 patients with schizophrenia admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were selected as observation group, and 60 healthy subjects were used as normal control group. The levels of serum interleukin and interferon in two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of serum interleukin and interferon in the observation group and control group, and the interleukin and interferon concentrations in the observation group before and after treatment were compared. The relationship of interleukin, interferon levels before and after treatment and the efficacy, the correlation between interleukin and interferon were analyzed. Results The level of IL-6 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of IL-4 and IL-12 in the observation group were not significantly different from those of the control group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in serum interleukin and interferon levels in the observation group before and after risperidone treatment (P>0.05). The IL-4 level in the observation group was positively correlated with IL-10 level, and the IL-12 was positively correlated with IFN-γ. Conclusion The immune function of patients with schizophrenia is disordered, and the interleukin and interferon network are impaired. Different types, populations and genders may have different immune function abnormalities. The correlation between interleukin, interferon and schizophrenia remains to be further studied.

IL-6是由單核-吞噬細(xì)胞釋放的一種復(fù)雜的細(xì)胞因子,可通過血腦屏障主動轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),促進(jìn)淋巴細(xì)胞入侵中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),破壞血腦屏障,其濃度水平可以直接反映精神分裂癥患者非特異性細(xì)胞免疫狀態(tài)[12]。本研究中,觀察組基線IL-6水平顯著高于對照組(P<0.05),這一結(jié)論與相關(guān)研究一致[4],考慮與精神分裂癥患者自身的免疫狀態(tài)有關(guān);但因IL-6能夠通過血腦屏障,因此血液中IL-6水平是否能夠反映神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中IL-6的水平還有待進(jìn)一步研究。

IL-8主要來自單核細(xì)胞、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞和T淋巴細(xì)胞等,具有十分廣泛的生物活性,是目前醫(yī)學(xué)界公認(rèn)的重型粒細(xì)胞趨化因子,能夠促進(jìn)中性粒細(xì)胞的活化、遷移和釋放炎性介質(zhì),進(jìn)而直接侵害組織[9]。本研究中觀察組基線IL-8水平顯著低于對照組,提示其可能參與了精神分裂癥的病理發(fā)展,但與相關(guān)研究結(jié)果不一致[13],分析原因可能是血漿中IL-8的水平并不能直接反映神經(jīng)中樞中IL-8的水平,其可通過主動轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)通過血腦屏障,血漿中的濃度可能明顯低于神經(jīng)中樞。

IL-10主要由TH2細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,它能夠抑制TH1細(xì)胞和單核細(xì)胞促炎性因子的產(chǎn)生,起到免疫抑制的作用;理論上,IL-10水平與精神分裂癥患者病情呈正相關(guān)[14]。即觀察組IL-10水平應(yīng)顯著高于對照組,但本研究中觀察組基線IL-10水平顯著低于對照組,與相關(guān)研究不符[15];這可能與研究人群、樣本量、性別、研究對象多為偏執(zhí)型有關(guān)。目前IL-10在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮的作用、血漿中IL-10水平與腦內(nèi)IL-10水平間的關(guān)系、IL-10與腦神經(jīng)介質(zhì)間的關(guān)系尚不明確,還有待進(jìn)一步研究。IL-4與IL-10均在TH細(xì)胞發(fā)育過程中起著重要作用,本研究中觀察組IL-4水平與IL-10水平呈正相關(guān)。

IL-12 主要由B淋巴細(xì)胞、單核-巨噬細(xì)胞分泌,能夠促進(jìn)TH0分化為TH1,抑制TH0分化為TH2。本研究中觀察組IL-12水平與對照組無顯著差異,與相關(guān)研究一致[7]。INF-γ對巨噬細(xì)胞、NK細(xì)胞和B細(xì)胞具有分化和活化的作用,還能夠誘導(dǎo)星形細(xì)胞、小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞一氧化氮合成酶的產(chǎn)生、IDD的合成,其生物學(xué)作用復(fù)雜,并具有神經(jīng)毒作用,目前臨床上對干擾素和與精神分裂癥相關(guān)性的報道顯示INF-γ水平高低不同[4,11]。本研究中,觀察組基線INF-γ水平顯著低于對照組,這可能與INF-γ形成局限、半衰期短等因素有關(guān)。

綜上所述,精神分裂癥患者免疫功能存在紊亂,白細(xì)胞介素及干擾素網(wǎng)絡(luò)受損,不同的類型、人群和性別可能存在不同狀態(tài)的免疫功能異常。IL-10水平可能是精神分裂癥免疫狀態(tài)的標(biāo)志物,細(xì)胞因子作用機(jī)制復(fù)雜,白細(xì)胞介素、干擾素與精神分裂癥的相關(guān)性和其機(jī)制還需要進(jìn)一步研究。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[5] 夏志春,王學(xué)林,李冰冰,等. 精神分裂癥社會獨立生活技能訓(xùn)練的研究進(jìn)展[J]. 中國康復(fù),2012,27(1):69-70.

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[9] Watanabe Y,Someya T,Nawa H. Cytokine hypothesis of schizophrenia pathogenesis:Evidence from human studies and animal models[J]. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences,2010,3(3):217-230.

[10] 張俊,黃睿,郝迎迎,等. 云芝糖肽對環(huán)磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠Th1/Th2平衡的影響[J]. 中國醫(yī)院藥學(xué)雜志,2013,33(23):1922-1925.

[11] Meyer U,F(xiàn)eldon J,Yee BK. A review of the fetal brain cytokine imbalance hypothesis of schizophrenia[J]. Schi-zophrenia Bulletin,2009,5(5):959-972.

[12] 王莉莉,王吉波,梁宏達(dá),等. 細(xì)胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IFN-γ在中樞神經(jīng)精神狼瘡發(fā)病中的作用[J]. 中國免疫學(xué)雜志,2014,30(2):247-252.

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[14] 王美芳,楊文濤,楊桂連,等. 白細(xì)胞介素10的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用及臨床應(yīng)用[J]. 中國免疫學(xué)雜志,2012,28(11):1046-1050.

[15] Monji A,Katro TA,Mizoguchi Y,et al. Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia especially focused on the role of microglia[J]. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry:An International Research,Review and News Journal,2013,42:115-121.

(收稿日期:2019-03-28)

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