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卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)疾病進(jìn)展影響因素分析

2019-12-10 00:57陳錦果金文芳吳興花
中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2019年26期
關(guān)鍵詞:卵巢腫瘤

陳錦果 金文芳 吳興花

[摘要] 目的 探討臨床上影響卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)疾病進(jìn)展的影響因素。 方法 回顧性分析2013年6月~2018年6月96例卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)患者的臨床資料,分為對(duì)照組與淤黑組,采用單因素分析及多因素Logistic回歸統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法分析影響卵巢扭轉(zhuǎn)后疾病進(jìn)展的因素。 結(jié)果 ①淤黑組與對(duì)照組相比:年齡、誘因、合并妊娠、轉(zhuǎn)診、腹水及左右側(cè)的比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05),而腹痛、惡心嘔吐、發(fā)病時(shí)長(zhǎng)、手術(shù)確診時(shí)長(zhǎng)、腫瘤大小、外周血常規(guī)白細(xì)胞情況、扭轉(zhuǎn)周數(shù)、診斷符合率、術(shù)式及病理類型的比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);②多因素分析:腫瘤大小是卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)疾病進(jìn)展的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(OR=3.149,P=0.024),發(fā)病時(shí)長(zhǎng)及手術(shù)確診時(shí)長(zhǎng)是其保護(hù)因素(OR=0.500,P=0.037;OR=0.322,P=0.048),年齡對(duì)疾病進(jìn)展無(wú)影響(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論 卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)早期階段容易誤診,避免疾病進(jìn)展的關(guān)鍵在于盡早確診;晚期階段卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)較易確診,避免卵巢丟失的關(guān)鍵在于及時(shí)手術(shù)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 卵巢腫瘤;蒂扭轉(zhuǎn);發(fā)病時(shí)長(zhǎng);手術(shù)確診時(shí)長(zhǎng)

[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2019)26-0069-03

[Abstract] Objective To clinically investigate the factors affecting the disease progression of ovarian tumor pedicle torsion. Methods The clinical data of 96 patients with ovarian tumor pedicle torsion from June 2013 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into control group and black group. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression methods were used to analyze the factors affecting disease progression after ovarian torsion. Results (1) Compared with the control group, the age, inducement, pregnancy, referral, ascites and the left and right sides of ovaries in the black group were not statistically significant(P all >0.05). Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, duration of onset, duration of surgical diagnosis confirmation, tumor size, peripheral regular white blood cell, number of weeks of torsion, diagnostic coincidence rate, surgical type and pathological types were statistically significant(P<0.05 for all); (2)Multivariate analysis: tumor size was an independent risk factor for disease progression of ovarian tumor pedicle torsion (OR=3.149, P=0.024), and the duration of onset and the duration of surgical diagnosis confirmation were the protective factors(OR=0.500, P=0.037; OR=0.322, P=0.048). Age had no effect on disease progression(P>0.05). Conclusion The early stage of ovarian tumor pedicle torsion is easy to be misdiagnosed. The key to avoiding disease progression is to diagnose early; in the late stage, it is easier for the ovaries tumor pedicle torsion to be diagnosed, and the key to avoiding ovarian loss is to carry out surgery timely.

[Key words] Ovarian tumor; Pedicle torsion; Duration of onset; Duration of surgical diagnosis confirmation

卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)占婦科急癥的3%[1],是婦科常見(jiàn)的急腹癥,約10%卵巢腫瘤可發(fā)生蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)[2],診治不及時(shí)可導(dǎo)致卵巢充血、出血、破裂、壞死或感染,造成卵巢不可逆的損害,嚴(yán)重威脅女性生育功能[3]。在廣大基層醫(yī)院卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)術(shù)式還是以附件切除為主,主要原因在于術(shù)中無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確判斷卵巢是否壞死及懼怕術(shù)后感染、肺栓塞。本文對(duì)我院96例卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)患者的臨床資料進(jìn)行回顧性分析,了解該疾病進(jìn)展的影響因素,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

3.4 術(shù)式的選擇

卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)術(shù)式主要有三種:附件切除、卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)直接復(fù)位后剝除腫瘤、卵巢動(dòng)靜脈高位結(jié)扎后復(fù)位行腫瘤剝除。于月新等[12]報(bào)道采用卵巢動(dòng)靜脈高位結(jié)扎后復(fù)位行腫瘤剝除術(shù)式來(lái)防止靜脈血栓脫落保留卵巢,但該術(shù)式對(duì)日后患側(cè)卵巢功能的影響尚有爭(zhēng)議,且此術(shù)式有損傷或誤扎輸尿管可能。Agarwal P等[13]研究報(bào)道,卵巢腫瘤蒂轉(zhuǎn)行保留卵巢手術(shù)卵巢未恢復(fù)活力,繼發(fā)感染,出現(xiàn)腹膜炎等相關(guān)癥狀,需二次手術(shù),此類并發(fā)癥多在術(shù)后48 h后出現(xiàn)。關(guān)于術(shù)后肺栓塞,吳憂等[14]報(bào)道18例卵巢扭轉(zhuǎn)直接復(fù)位+腫瘤剝除,術(shù)后未發(fā)生肺栓塞。McGovern PG等[15]報(bào)道309例患者因卵巢扭轉(zhuǎn)行直接復(fù)位加剝除腫瘤,同期672例行切除卵巢,有2例肺栓塞發(fā)生在卵巢切除組中,而保留卵巢者無(wú)肺栓塞發(fā)生。上述文獻(xiàn)顯示:無(wú)論何種術(shù)式均有利弊,且保留卵巢后可能出現(xiàn)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,這使得大部分基層醫(yī)院仍以附件切除為主。本研究依據(jù):年齡<40歲,有生育要求,初步判斷為良性腫瘤,對(duì)照組予直接復(fù)位后剝除腫瘤;淤黑組在充分溝通下直接復(fù)位后剝除腫瘤,但筆者曾在術(shù)中遇到一例腫瘤復(fù)位1 min后卵巢動(dòng)靜脈內(nèi)出現(xiàn)多段肉眼可見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)條血栓,術(shù)后雖未發(fā)生肺栓塞仍讓筆者擔(dān)心良久,此例供同仁借鑒[16]。

綜上所述,卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)后卵巢顏色與缺血時(shí)間呈逐漸遞增關(guān)系,與疾病嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān),早期階段因卵巢無(wú)明顯缺血壞死多呈灰白或粉紅或點(diǎn)狀淤血呈淺紫色,患者胃腸道癥狀不明顯、未及時(shí)就診、外周血白細(xì)胞不一定升高,容易誤診,臨床醫(yī)師應(yīng)保持高度警惕,為避免疾病進(jìn)展關(guān)鍵在于盡早確診;晚期階段卵巢因缺血嚴(yán)重呈淤黑水腫,胃腸道癥狀更明顯,白細(xì)胞上升更顯著,結(jié)合超聲檢查臨床醫(yī)師多易確診,為避免卵巢丟失關(guān)鍵在于及時(shí)手術(shù);同時(shí)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)宣教,女性應(yīng)多關(guān)注體檢,卵巢腫瘤,尤其是畸胎瘤或大于8 cm的腫瘤應(yīng)盡早診治,以免發(fā)生扭轉(zhuǎn),若有不明原因胃腸道癥狀,應(yīng)及時(shí)就診。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[2] 謝幸,孔北華,段濤.婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)[M].第9版.北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2018:313-317.

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[5] 袁航,李霞,張師前.2017SOGC《兒童、青少年和成年人附件扭轉(zhuǎn)的診治臨床實(shí)踐指南》解讀[J].中國(guó)實(shí)用婦科與產(chǎn)科雜志,2017,33(5):494-496.

[6] 于月新,李巨,陳佳,等.兔附件扭轉(zhuǎn)后卵巢病理學(xué)改變的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].軍醫(yī)進(jìn)修學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2012,33(1):71-74.

[7] 王曉紅,劉金鳳,隋艷芬.卵巢良性腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)保留卵巢手術(shù)的臨床應(yīng)用探討[J].現(xiàn)代婦產(chǎn)科進(jìn)展,2014,23(2):152.

[8] 張斌,郭艷,李靜靜.卵巢囊腫蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)保留卵巢腹腔鏡手術(shù)62例報(bào)告[J].中國(guó)微創(chuàng)外科雜志,2014,7:600-602.

[9] Omur T,Mustafa B,Abdullah A,et al.The effects of twisted ischaemic adnexa manged by detorsion on ovarian viability and histology:An ischemia-reperfusion rodent model[J].Hum Reprod,1998,13(10):2823-2827.

[10] 廖敏,王剛,韓玉斌,等.腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療卵巢囊腫蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)43例臨床分析[J].實(shí)用婦產(chǎn)科雜志,2009,25(12):736-738.

[11] 龔曉明,冷金花,郎景和,等.卵巢成熟畸胎瘤695例臨床分析[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2004,26(6):692-695.

[12] 于月新,李巨,陳紅,等.卵巢囊腫蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)保留卵巢手術(shù)43例臨床分析[J].中國(guó)實(shí)用婦科與產(chǎn)科雜志,2011,27(9):701-702.

[13] Agarwal P,Balagopal S,et al.Ovarian preservation in children for adenexal pathology,current trends in lap aroscopic management and our experience[J].J Indian Assoc Pedianre Surg,2014,19(1):65-69.

[14] 吳憂,胡君,朱麗榮.卵巢囊腫蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)患者腹腔鏡下保留卵巢手術(shù)18例臨床分析[J].中國(guó)婦產(chǎn)科臨床雜志,2016,17(4):302-304.

[15] McGovern PG,Noah R,Koenigsberg R,et al.Adnexal torsion and pulmonary embolism:Case report and review of the literature[J].Obstet Gynecol Surv,1999,54(9):601-608.

[16] 陳玉蘭,李筱薇,高青翠.腹腔鏡下手術(shù)和經(jīng)腹保守性手術(shù)治療卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)的優(yōu)劣差異[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)藥科學(xué),2017,7(24):96-99.

(收稿日期:2019-02-27)

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