同位語是句子成分的一種， 它位于名詞、代詞后面， 說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況， 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。

同位語的表現(xiàn)形式有以下幾種：

（1） 名詞

Tom， our monitor， is a handsome boy.

（2） 代詞

I myself will do the experiment.

（3） 數(shù)詞

She is the oldest among them six.

（4） 從句

He told me the news that the plane had exploded.他告訴我飛機(jī)爆炸的消息。

（5） 由such as， that is引導(dǎo)

Some subjects， such as maths and physics， are very difficult to learn. 某些學(xué)科，例如數(shù)學(xué)和物理，是很難學(xué)的。

（6） 由of引導(dǎo)

The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自從2000年以來， 北京市發(fā)生了很大的變化。

（7） 由or引導(dǎo)

The freezing temperature， or freezing point， is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 結(jié)冰溫度即冰點，是水在常壓下結(jié)冰時的溫度。

關(guān)于同位語從句，我們可以從以下方面了解：

一、定義： 主從復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句，叫同位語從句。（名詞性從句之一）用以說明前面名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容。

The news that our team had won the game made us excited.

We heard the news that our team had won the game.

二、引導(dǎo)詞： 由連詞that， whether; 連接代詞/副詞who， when， where， how， why 等引導(dǎo)。

三、先行詞： 常為某些抽象名詞，如：news， idea， word， fact， hope， doubt， belief， possibility， problem， question， thought， promise， information， message， decision， answer， reply等。

四、位置： 常緊跟某些名詞之后;但有時被其他詞隔開，稱分隔式同位語從句。

1. The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to peoples health.

2. I have no idea that he has already gone abroad / when he will be back / who broke the window / why she went home.

3. I have no doubt / There is no doubt that he will succeed.

4. I have some doubt / There is some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.

5. The belief that all roads lead to Rome is shared by many people.

6. The possibility that people would have to walk to the farm was mentioned.

7. He cant answer the question how he got the money.

8. We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice.

9. Tom got a message from Mr Smith that there would be a test soon.

10. Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct.15， 2003.

11. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

五、語氣： 在suggestion， advice， order， request 等表示“建議命令;要求”等詞后，同位語從句中的謂語動詞常用“（should） + 動詞原形”虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)。

He gave many suggestions that we （should）get up earlier and take more exercise.

The government gave the order that all these houses （should）be pulled down in three weeks.

六、that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：

比較：

1. We expressed the hope （that / which） they had expressed.（定語從句）

We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. （同位語從句）

2. The news（that / which）he told me just now is true. （定語從句）

The news that I have passed the exam is true.（同位語從句）

3. The advice（that / which）he gave was supported by us all.（定語從句）

The advice that we（should） set out at once was supported by us all.（同位語從句）

鞏固性練習(xí)

1.The fact_____________ she works hard is well known to us all.

_____________

A. thatB. what

C. why_________D. which

2. The fact_____________ he was successful proves his ability.

A. thatB. what

C. whichD. why

3.The news_____________ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.

A. whatB. that

C. why_________D. when

4.His suggestion_____________ the meeting be delayed was turned down.

A. which B. that

C. /_____________D. it

5.I have no idea_____________ he will start.

A. whenB. that

C. whatD. /

6.Ive come from the government with a message the meeting wont be held tomorrow.

A. whileB. that

C. when D. as

7.The thought_____________ he might fail in the exam worried him.

A. whenB. which

C. what_________D. that

8.The order_____________ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.

A. whichB. whether

C. thatD. what

9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear_____________ he would die of the disease.

A. thatB. as

C. of whichD. which

10.He often asked me the question_____________ the work was worth doing.

A. whetherB. where

C. thatD. when

11.Information has been put forward_____________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. if_________B. that

C. whetherD. which

12.It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities;this is the information_____________ has been put forward.

A. whatB. that

C. whenD. as

13.She heard a terrible noise，_____________ brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it_________B. which

C. thisD. that

14.I cant stand the terrible noise_____________ she is crying loudly.

A. itB. which

C. this_________D. that

15.The fact_____________ he failed in the exam is not the one_____________ he told me.

A. which; thatB. that; /

C. which; which D. /; that

參考答案

1—5 AABBA 6—10 BDCAA 11—15 BBBDB

（作者：姜加琴，江蘇省海安市實驗中學(xué)）