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脂質(zhì)代謝、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)與乳腺癌發(fā)生的關(guān)系

2019-12-02 07:42黃贊
中國(guó)實(shí)用醫(yī)藥 2019年27期
關(guān)鍵詞:血脂乳腺癌

黃贊

【摘要】 目的 探討血清總膽固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)與乳腺癌發(fā)生的關(guān)系。方法 選取確診為乳腺癌的患者293例作為實(shí)驗(yàn)組, 另選取無(wú)乳腺疾病的健康人群170例作為對(duì)照組。比較兩組研究對(duì)象的臨床資料[年齡、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、空腹血糖(Glu)、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、血肌酐(CREA)、腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率(GFR)、BMI、地區(qū)(城鎮(zhèn)、鄉(xiāng)村)、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)(絕經(jīng)前、后)]及兩組絕經(jīng)前后臨床資料(年齡、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR、BMI)。結(jié)果 兩組的年齡、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR、地區(qū)、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組的BMI為(23.50±3.172)kg/m2, 顯著高于對(duì)照組的(22.68±2.04)kg/m2, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組的TC為(4.78±0.93)mmol/L、HDL-C為(1.02±0.29)mmol/L, 均低于對(duì)照組的(5.04±0.90)、(1.15±0.38)mmol/L, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。絕經(jīng)前, 實(shí)驗(yàn)組的BMI(23.66±3.21)kg/m2明顯高于對(duì)照組的(22.55±

2.01)kg/m2, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 (P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組的TC、HDL-C水平分別為(4.62±0.94)、(1.01±

0.29)mmol/L, 均低于對(duì)照組的(4.93±0.87)、(1.25±0.36)mmol/L, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組的年齡、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR水平比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。絕經(jīng)后, 兩組的年齡、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR、BMI水平比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 乳腺癌患者的BMI顯著升高, TC、HDL-C水平顯著降低, 但絕經(jīng)后患者的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)變動(dòng)不大, 因此, 臨床絕經(jīng)前患者可通過(guò)檢測(cè)BMI、TC、HDL-C水平為診斷其是否患有乳腺癌提供相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)支持。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 乳腺癌;血脂;體質(zhì)量指數(shù)

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.27.002

Correlation of lipid metabolism, body mass index and breast cancer ? HUANG Zan. Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China

【Abstract】 Objective ? To discuss the correlation of serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), body mass index (BMI) and occurrence of breast cancer. Methods ? A total of 293 patients diagnosed with breast cancer were selected as the experimental group, and 170 healthy people without breast disease were selected as the control group. Analysis and comparison were made on clinical data [age, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose (Glu), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine (CREA), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), BMI, regions (town, country), menopausal status (before or after menopause), and clinical data (age, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, Glu, ALT, AST, CREA, GFR, BMI) before or after menopause between the two groups. Results ? There was no statistically significant difference in LDL-C, Glu, ALT, AST, CREA, GFR, region, menopausal status between the two groups (P>0.05). The BMI was (23.50±3.17) kg/m2 in the experimental group, and that was significantly higher than (22.68±2.04) kg/m2 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The TC and HDL-C were (4.78±0.93) and (1.02±0.29) mmol/L in the experimental group, and those were lower than (5.04±0.90) and (1.15±0.38) mmol/L in the control group. Their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before menopause, the BMI was (23.66±3.21) kg/m2 in the experimental group, and that was obviously higher than (22.55±2.00) kg/m2 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of TC and HDL-C were (4.62±0.94) and (1.01±0.29) mmol/L respectively in the experimental group, and those were all lower than (4.93±0.87) and (1.25±0.36) mmol/L in the control group. Their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in age, LDL-C, Glu, ALT, AST, CREA and GFR between the two groups (P>0.05). After menopause, there was no statistically significant difference in age, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, Glu, ALT, AST, CREA, GFR, BMI between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion ? The BMI of breast cancer patients is significantly increased, and the levels of TC and HDL-C are significantly decreased, but the indicators of patients after menopause are not changed much. Therefore, BMI, TC and HDL-C levels can be detected to provide relevant data support for the diagnosis of breast cancer in patients before menopause.

【Key words】 Breast cancer; Blood lipid; Body mass index

流行病學(xué)研究已表明, 人體內(nèi)脂質(zhì)代謝與多種癌癥發(fā)生有關(guān)。因此, 近年來(lái), 臨床醫(yī)生及基礎(chǔ)研究人員開(kāi)始關(guān)注血脂代謝異常與乳腺癌的關(guān)系, 但國(guó)內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究結(jié)論是相悖的[1]。本研究旨在探討乳腺癌患者的血脂指標(biāo)、BMI水平及絕經(jīng)前后情況?,F(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。

1 資料與方法

1. 1 一般資料 收集安醫(yī)大二附院普外科2016年1月~

2018年6月收治的確診為乳腺癌的患者293例作為實(shí)驗(yàn)組, 年齡26~82歲, 其中103例患者處于絕經(jīng)后狀態(tài), 190例患者處于絕經(jīng)前狀態(tài);早期乳腺癌227例, 晚期乳腺癌66例;有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移132例, 無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移161例。另選取本院體檢中心無(wú)乳腺疾病的健康人群170例作為對(duì)照組。104例處于絕經(jīng)前狀態(tài), 66例處于絕經(jīng)后狀態(tài)。

1. 2 研究方法 常規(guī)晨起抽取兩組研究對(duì)象的空腹靜脈血, 檢測(cè)其血清生化指標(biāo), 包括總膽固醇 (total cholesterol, TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)、Glu、AST、ALT、GFR、CREA;患者入院常規(guī)測(cè)身高、體重、BMI。且實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者在抽血前未做任何治療。分析比較兩組研究對(duì)象的臨床資料[年齡、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR、BMI、地區(qū)(城鎮(zhèn)、鄉(xiāng)村)、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)(絕經(jīng)前、后)]及兩組絕經(jīng)前后臨床資料(年齡、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、

CREA、GFR、BMI)。

1. 3 絕經(jīng)判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 以2017年版中國(guó)臨床腫瘤學(xué)會(huì)(CSCO)乳腺癌臨床實(shí)踐指南中絕經(jīng)定義為標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①雙側(cè)卵巢切除術(shù)后;②年齡≥60歲;③年齡<60歲, 自然停經(jīng)≥12個(gè)月, 在近1年未接受卵巢去勢(shì)或化療、藥物治療(三苯氧胺、托瑞米芬)的情況下, 雌二醇和卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平在絕經(jīng)后范圍內(nèi);④年齡<60歲, 正在接受內(nèi)分泌治療(服用托瑞米芬或三苯氧胺)的患者, 雌二醇和FSH水平在絕經(jīng)后范圍內(nèi)[2]。

1. 4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2. 1 兩組臨床資料比較 兩組的年齡、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR、地區(qū)、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組的BMI為(23.50±3.17)kg/m2, 顯著高于對(duì)照組的(22.68±2.04)kg/m2, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組的TC為(4.78±0.93)mmol/L、HDL-C為(1.02±0.29)mmol/L,

均低于對(duì)照組的(5.04±0.90)、(1.15±0.38)mmol/L, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。

2. 2 兩組絕經(jīng)前后臨床資料比較 絕經(jīng)前, 實(shí)驗(yàn)組的BMI(23.66±3.21)kg/m2明顯高于對(duì)照組的(22.55±2.01)kg/m2,

差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組的TC、HDL-C水平分別為(4.62±0.94)、(1.01±0.29)mmol/L, 均低于對(duì)照組的(4.93±0.87)、(1.25±0.36)mmol/L, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組的年齡、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR水平比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。絕經(jīng)后, 兩組的年齡、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR、BMI水平比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

3 討論

相關(guān)流行病學(xué)研究表明, 人體內(nèi)脂質(zhì)代謝與多種癌癥發(fā)生有關(guān)。在癌癥發(fā)生、發(fā)展的過(guò)程中, 需要脂質(zhì)參與腫瘤細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞膜生成, 另外, 脂質(zhì)也可以參與到腫瘤細(xì)胞代謝從而影響癌癥的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程[3, 4]。

本研究結(jié)果顯示:兩組的年齡、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR、地區(qū)、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組的BMI為(23.50±3.17)kg/m2, 顯著高于對(duì)照組的(22.68±2.04)kg/m2, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組的TC為(4.78±0.93)mmol/L、HDL-C為(1.02±0.29)mmol/L, 均低于對(duì)照組的(5.04±0.90)、(1.15±0.38)mmol/L, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。絕經(jīng)前, 實(shí)驗(yàn)組的BMI(23.66±3.21)kg/m2

明顯高于對(duì)照組的(22.55±2.00)kg/m2, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);實(shí)驗(yàn)組的TC、HDL-C水平分別為(4.62±0.94)、(1.01±0.29)mmol/L, 均低于對(duì)照組的(4.93±0.87)、(1.25±

0.36)mmol/L, 差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組的年齡、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR水平比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。絕經(jīng)后, 兩組的年齡、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、ALT、AST、CREA、GFR、BMI水平比較, 差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。通過(guò)對(duì)乳腺癌患者TC的脂蛋白含量分析, 發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌患者血清TC的降低, 主要是因?yàn)镠DL-C含量的下降, HDL-C與血清游離脂肪酸(FFA)的清除有關(guān), HDL-C含量下降引起血清FFA水平升高。已有研究表明, 血清中HDL-C水平與胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子1(IGF-1)水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系, 而IGF-1可以使乳腺腺體密度增加, 后者被認(rèn)為是引起乳腺癌發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[5, 6]。

綜上所述, 乳腺癌患者的BMI顯著升高, TC、HDL-C水平顯著降低, 但絕經(jīng)后患者的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)變動(dòng)不大, 因此, 臨床絕經(jīng)前患者可通過(guò)檢測(cè)BMI、TC、HDL-C水平為診斷其是否患有乳腺癌提供相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)支持。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. Ca Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(2):115-132.

[2] 袁雪蓮, 徐珠屏, 劉春容, 等. 持續(xù)肥胖、人類瘦素及瘦素受體基因多態(tài)性與不同分子亞型乳腺癌的關(guān)系研究. 中華預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2017, 51(6):533-538.

[3] Shah FD, Shukla SN, Shah PM, et al. Significance of alterations in plasma lipid profile levels in breast cancer. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 2008, 7(1):33-41.

[4] 魏麗娟, 張弛, 張寰, 等. 血脂代謝水平與乳腺癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的病例-對(duì)照研究. 中華預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2016, 50(12):1091-1095.

[5] Li X, Liu ZL, Wu YT, et al. Status of lipid and lipoprotein in female breast cancer patients at initial diagnosis and during chemotherapy. Lipids in Health & Disease, 2018, 17(1):91.

[6] 張艷利, 陳茂山, 楊光倫. 血清血脂和脂蛋白水平與乳腺癌發(fā)生及其臨床病理學(xué)特征的相關(guān)性分析. 中國(guó)普外基礎(chǔ)與臨床雜志, 2018(2):171-177.

[收稿日期:2019-01-27]

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