謝從松 郭可威 趙同根
摘要:對鄖西縣4個不同鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)代表性田塊中稻進行“3414”肥料效應試驗,初步研究勛西縣地區(qū)不同氮、磷、鉀肥用量對中稻產量和經濟效應的影響;同時得到各肥料養(yǎng)分施用量與中稻產量的三元二次和一元二次回歸效應方程,并預測各試驗田塊中稻的最佳施肥量。結果表明,所試區(qū)域田塊影響中稻產量的最關鍵因素是氮,其次是磷,鉀影響最小;不施肥較合理施肥平均減產率為39.1%,初步說明所試田塊一季不施肥,會造成較大幅度減產,作物產量對肥料的依賴性較大;推薦試驗田塊及其代表區(qū)域田塊中稻較合理的肥料養(yǎng)分施用量為純N 160~200 kg/hm2、P2O5 60~80 kg/hm2、K2O 40~60 kg/hm2。
關鍵詞:中稻;測土配方;肥料效應;推薦施肥;“3414”試驗;鄖西縣
中圖分類號:S511.3+2 ? ? ? ? 文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:0439-8114(2019)18-0029-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.007 ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
Effects of fertilizer and recommended fertilization study of
mid-season rice in Yunxi county
XIE Cong-song1,GUO Ke-wei2,ZHAO Tong-gen2
(1.Hubei Engineering Laboratory of New Fertilizer,Wuhan 430070,China;2.Yunxi Soil and Fertilizer Station,Shiyan 442600,Hubei,China)
Abstract: The effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizers on mid-season rice yield in Yunxi county were studied by experiment on mid-season rice "3414" in representative fields of four different townships in Yunxi county. At the same time, the ternary quadratic and quadratic equation of one variable regression effects equations of nutrient application rate and mid-season rice yield were obtained, and the optimal fertilization amount of the rice in each field was predicted. The results showed the most critical factor affecting the yield of mid-season rice in the tested area was nitrogen, followed by phosphorus, which was the least affected by potassium. The average yield reduction without fertilizer was 39.1% compared with the more reasonable fertilization. It was preliminarily indicated that the yield of the experimental field without fertilizer in one season will be reduced to a large extent and crop yield is more dependent on fertilizer. The application of N 160~200 kg/hm2, P2O5 60~80 kg/hm2, K2O 40~60 kg/hm2 were more reasonable fertilization in experimental field and representative fields.
Key words: middle-season rice; soil testing formula; fertilizer effect; recommended fertilization; "3414" test; Yunxi county
中稻為湖北省鄖西縣主要的糧食作物之一,常年種植面積近0.67萬hm2。區(qū)域內農戶習慣施肥結構不平衡、不合理,肥料效益不高。為進一步驗證并優(yōu)化鄖西縣中稻測土配方施肥體系,提高肥料利用率,減少環(huán)境污染,促進農民增產增收。2016年在勛西縣中稻主產區(qū)布置了4個“3414”肥料效應試驗,探索中稻對氮、磷、鉀肥的反應,并通過建立肥料效應模型,確定了較為合理的養(yǎng)分施用量,為區(qū)域中稻種植配方施肥、增產增收提供科學依據(jù)。
1 ?材料與方法
1.1 ?供試土壤和作物品種
試驗在勛西縣城關鎮(zhèn)、土門鎮(zhèn)、觀音鎮(zhèn)和六郎鎮(zhèn)4個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)選擇有代表性農戶田塊各進行1個“3414”試驗,供試土壤類型均屬水稻土類,耕層土壤為中壤,肥力水平中等,地力均一。各田塊在試驗施肥前,均及時采集土壤農化樣,按土壤常規(guī)測試方法[1]進行測試,具體見表1。供試中稻品種均為武香988。
2)所試田塊及其代表區(qū)域的其他田塊推薦種植中稻配方施肥每公頃氮、磷、鉀肥養(yǎng)分的施用量分別為160~200、60~80和40~60 kg,勛西縣其他區(qū)域田塊中稻配方施肥可暫按本試驗制定的中稻作物施肥指標體系推薦用量[4]。具體施肥方法可參照本試驗采用的施肥方法,施用基肥同時建議配合施用七水硫酸鋅7.5~15 kg/hm2。
3)不施肥較比較合理的施肥平均減產率為39.1%,初步說明所試田塊一季不施肥,就造成較大幅度減產,作物產量對肥料的依賴性較大,必須施肥才能獲得較高的產量;各試驗田塊N、P、K三要素配施(N2P2K2)的產量,均較其中任何兩要素配施(N0P2K2、N2P0K2、N2P2K0)的產量要高,相對PK、NK、NP配施的平均增產率分別為58.8%、18.0%和9.8%。說明所試區(qū)域田塊影響中稻產量的最關鍵因素是氮,其次是磷,鉀影響最小。
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