史麗峰
[摘要] 目的 分析對(duì)胃食管反流早產(chǎn)兒加強(qiáng)綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的護(hù)理效果。 方法 2017年10月—2018年10月,隨機(jī)選取該院收治的72例胃食管反流早產(chǎn)兒隨機(jī)分為兩組,將行常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù)的早產(chǎn)兒歸為對(duì)照組(n=36),將行綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的早產(chǎn)兒歸為觀察組(n=36),對(duì)比兩組返流次數(shù)、最長(zhǎng)返流持續(xù)時(shí)間、每日體重增長(zhǎng)情況、吸入性肺炎與嘔吐發(fā)生情況。 結(jié)果 觀察組返流次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組,最長(zhǎng)返流持續(xù)時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,每日體重增長(zhǎng)量多于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=43.234 0、15.663 6、25.969 8,P<0.05);觀察組吸入性肺炎、嘔吐發(fā)生率分別為2.78%、5.56%,低于對(duì)照組的16.67%、25.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.956 0、5.257 8,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 對(duì)胃食管反流早產(chǎn)兒加強(qiáng)綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的護(hù)理效果顯著,利于減少返流次數(shù),改善早產(chǎn)兒體重,降低吸入性肺炎與嘔吐發(fā)生率。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 胃食管反流;早產(chǎn)兒;常規(guī)護(hù)理;綜合護(hù)理;反流次數(shù);體重
[中圖分類號(hào)] R473? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2019)08(b)-0154-03
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the nursing effect of strengthening comprehensive nursing intervention for premature infants with gastroesophageal reflux. Methods From October 2017 to October 2018, 72 patients with gastroesophageal reflux preterm infants admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into two groups. The premature infants who underwent routine nursing intervention were assigned to the control group (n=36). Premature infants who underwent comprehensive nursing intervention were assigned to the observation group (n=36). The number of reflux, the longest reflux duration, daily weight gain, aspiration pneumonia and vomiting were compared between the two groups. Results The number of reflux in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. The longest reflux time was shorter than that in the control group. The daily weight gain was more than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (t=43.234 0, 15.663 6, 25.969 8, P<0.05). The incidence of aspiration pneumonia and vomiting in the observation group were 2.78% and 5.56%, respectively, which was lower than 16.67% and 25.00% in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=3.956 0, 5.257 8, P<0.05). Conclusion The nursing effect of comprehensive nursing intervention for premature infants with gastroesophageal reflux is significant, which is beneficial to reduce the number of reflux, improve the weight of premature infants, and reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and vomiting.
[Key words] Gastroesophageal reflux; Premature infants; Routine nursing; Comprehensive nursing; Reflux number; Weight
研究顯示,有超過(guò)90%的早產(chǎn)兒在出生1周之內(nèi)便會(huì)出現(xiàn)胃食管反流現(xiàn)象,主要表現(xiàn)為噴射性嘔吐、輕度嘔吐以及溢乳等,通常還會(huì)有精神運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)育遲緩現(xiàn)象伴隨出現(xiàn)[1-2]。嚴(yán)重情況下,患兒甚至還會(huì)出現(xiàn)呼吸暫停、拒食、易激惹、煩躁不安等現(xiàn)象,更有甚者會(huì)出現(xiàn)便血或者嘔血,引發(fā)缺鐵性貧血[3-4]。反流物極易被吸入到患兒氣管內(nèi),反流程度越高,患兒并發(fā)吸入性肺炎的幾率也越大,嚴(yán)重情況下甚至?xí)?dǎo)致患兒窒息或者引發(fā)猝死綜合征,嚴(yán)重傷害早產(chǎn)兒家庭,亟需對(duì)其進(jìn)行高度重視[5-6]。該研究對(duì)2017年10月—2018年10月該院收治的72例胃食管反流早產(chǎn)兒進(jìn)行研究,報(bào)道如下。
該研究中,觀察組返流次數(shù)少于對(duì)照組,最長(zhǎng)返流持續(xù)時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,每日體重增長(zhǎng)量多于對(duì)照組(t=43.234 0、15.663 6、25.969 8,P<0.05),提示對(duì)胃食管反流早產(chǎn)兒加強(qiáng)綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)利于減少返流次數(shù),縮短返流持續(xù)時(shí)間,增加早產(chǎn)兒體重。其次,觀察組吸入性肺炎、嘔吐發(fā)生率分別為2.78%、5.56%,低于對(duì)照組的16.67%、25.00%(χ2=3.956 0、5.257 8,P<0.05),進(jìn)一步證明加強(qiáng)綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的必要性,利于降低吸入性肺炎與嘔吐發(fā)生率。楊麗艷等[14]學(xué)者經(jīng)研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),綜合護(hù)理組患兒胃食管返流次數(shù)為3次,明顯少于對(duì)照組的13次,同時(shí)新生兒每日增長(zhǎng)體重高于對(duì)照組,這也證明了綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的有效性。究其原因,綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)屬于一種全面化、綜合化、整體化的護(hù)理模式,通過(guò)采取體位護(hù)理、洗胃護(hù)理、撫觸護(hù)理、病情觀察以及家庭護(hù)理等,利于改善胃食管反流癥狀,促使患兒更快康復(fù)。
綜上所述,對(duì)胃食管反流早產(chǎn)兒加強(qiáng)綜合護(hù)理干預(yù)的護(hù)理效果顯著,利于減少返流次數(shù),改善早產(chǎn)兒體重,降低吸入性肺炎與嘔吐發(fā)生率。
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(收稿日期:2019-05-16)