強璐 王雨萌 裴婷婷
[摘要] 目的 檢測原發(fā)性干燥綜合征(pSS)患者唾液巨噬細胞遷移抑制因子(MIF)水平并探討與疾病嚴重性的關系。 方法 納入2009年10月~2018年10月于北京中醫(yī)藥大學第三附屬醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)確診的pSS患者作為pSS組(96例);另納入我院同期年齡及性別匹配的健康人群作為對照組(70名)。評價pSS患者疾病活動度,比較各組唾液MIF水平,評價唾液MIF水平與pSS發(fā)病的關系,分析唾液MIF水平與干燥綜合征評分(ESSDAI評分)的相關性。 結果 pSS組唾液MIF水平顯著高于對照組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。唾液MIF水平是pSS的獨立危險因素[OR(95%CI)=1.996(1.339~2.977),P < 0.01]。唾液MIF水平與ESSDAI評分呈正相關(r = 0.276,P < 0.01)。 結論 唾液MIF水平有望作為預測pSS發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要生物標志物。
[關鍵詞] 原發(fā)性干燥綜合征;巨噬細胞遷移抑制因子;唾液;生物標志物
[中圖分類號] R781.4 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻標識碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)10(a)-0103-04
The correlation between salivary macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels and primary Sj?魻gren′s syndrome
QIANG Lu ? WANG Yumeng ? PEI Tingting
Department of Stomatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital,Beijing ? 100029, China
[Abstract] Objectives To detect salivary macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level in patients with primary Sj?魻gren′s syndrome (pSS) and investigate the correlation between MIF level and disease activity. Methods The pSS patients diagnosed in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital (hereinafter referred to as "our hospital") from October 2009 to October 2018 were enrolled as pSS group (96 cases); the other age- and sex- matched healthy people were included as control group (70 people) during the same period of our hospital. The disease activity of patients with pSS were evaluated, and the salivary MIF level of each group were compared. The relationship between salivary MIF level and the incidence of pSS was evaluated, while the correlation between saliva MIF levels and EULAR Sjogren′s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) were analyzed. Results The salivary MIF level in the pSS group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). Salivary MIF level was the independent risk factors for pSS [OR(95%CI)=1.996(1.339-2.977),P < 0.01]. Salivary MIF level was positively correlated with ESSDAI (r = 0.276,P < 0.01). Conclusion Salivary MIF level is expected to be an important biomarkers for predicting the development of pSS.
[Key words] Primary Sj?魻gren′s syndrome; Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Salivary; Biomarker
原發(fā)性干燥綜合征(primary Sj?魻gren′s syndrome,pSS)是一種以外分泌腺高度淋巴細胞浸潤及破壞為特征的系統(tǒng)性自身免疫疾病。病理特征是淋巴細胞浸潤外分泌腺(包括涎腺和淚腺),腺體組織進行性破壞,分泌功能逐漸減退甚至最終喪失[1-4]。pSS常表現(xiàn)為進行性口干、眼干及腎臟、肺、甲狀腺和肝臟等多器官受累。同時,pSS患者有較高罹患惡性淋巴瘤的風險[5-8]。因此,對pSS進行早期診斷和風險評估有十分重要的臨床意義。作為重要的免疫炎癥調節(jié)因子,巨噬細胞遷移抑制因子(macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)在系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡、類風濕性關節(jié)炎等自身免疫性疾病發(fā)生發(fā)展中起著重要的作用[9-13]。然而,MIF在pSS患者血液中水平及與pSS嚴重程度關系尚未明確,本研究擬檢測pSS患者唾液MIF水平并探討與疾病嚴重性的關系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
本研究納入2009年10月~2018年10月在北京中醫(yī)藥大學第三附屬醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)確診的pSS患者,共96例。其中女90例,男6例,年齡16~72歲。納入標準:根據(jù)2002年干燥綜合征國際分類(診斷)標準[14]確診的pSS病例。排除標準:①吸煙;②近2周內使用過抗生素、抗真菌藥、免疫抑制劑等藥物;③頭頸部放療史、化療史;④合并結節(jié)病、丙型肝炎、淀粉樣變、艾滋病、移植物抗宿主病淋巴瘤等。另選取同期在我院進行體檢的健康成年人70名作為對照組,分別對年齡、性別進行匹配。所有入選者均簽署知情同意書,本研究通過我院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準。
1.2 方法與觀察指標
1.2.1 唾液樣本采集 ?采用非刺激方法收集唾液標本。收集前囑受試者坐于治療椅上,用生理鹽水漱口3次。雙眼平視前方,保持頭位端正,口腔腺體分泌唾液自然流于口底。將空針注射器置于口底唾液池中間,盡量不觸碰黏膜,吸取1 mL唾液并裝入無菌EP管中,3000 r(半徑16.87 cm)離心5 min后立即置于-80℃冰箱中備用[15]。
1.2.2 ELISA檢測 ?采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附(ELISA)法檢測各唾液樣本MIF水平,ELISA試劑盒購自美國R&D公司,各組標本的吸光光度值由BIO-RAD680酶標儀檢測,按照使用說明書進行操作。
1.2.3 pSS疾病活動度評價 ?采用干燥綜合征評分(ESSDAI)評價pSS患者疾病活動度[15]。ESSDAI評分根據(jù)淋巴結病、全身情況、腺體受累、關節(jié)異常、皮膚表現(xiàn)、肌肉受累、泌尿系統(tǒng)、呼吸系統(tǒng)、外周神經系統(tǒng)、血液系統(tǒng)、中樞神經系統(tǒng)及生物學指標等12個方面病變程度進行賦值,是評價pSS活動性的最客觀全面的評分標準之一[16]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法
運用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。正態(tài)分布計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗。非正態(tài)分布計量資料以中位數(shù)(M)或四分位數(shù)(P25,P75)表示,采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗。計數(shù)資料以例數(shù)或百分比表示,采用χ2檢驗。采用多因素Logistic逐步回歸法評價各變量與pSS發(fā)病的關系,采用Spearman相關分析評價pSS患者中唾液MIF水平與ESSDAI評分的關系。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 兩組基本資料及唾液MIF水平比較
兩組間年齡、性別、體重指數(shù)(BMI)等基線數(shù)據(jù)比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(均P > 0.05)。而pSS組唾液MIF水平顯著高于對照組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。見表1。
2.2 不同變量與pSS發(fā)病的相關性
唾液MIF是pSS發(fā)病的危險因素[OR(95%CI)=1.996(1.339~2.977),P < 0.01]。見表3。
2.3 唾液MIF水平與ESSDAI評分的相關性
唾液MIF水平與ESSDAI評分呈正相關(r = 0.276, P = 0.007)。見圖1。
3 討論
本研究結果顯示,pSS患者唾液MIF水平較健康人群顯著升高,唾液高MIF水平是pSS發(fā)病的獨立危險因素并與活動性相關。pSS臨床診斷需要口腔科、風濕免疫科、眼科等多科室合作,目前仍缺乏診斷的“金標準”。唾液腺受累情況判定是pSS診斷的重要方面,唾液流率測定、唇腺活檢和腮腺造影或同位素掃描是目前常采用的診斷方法。然而,唇腺活檢和腮腺造影均因操作復雜且對患者有一定的創(chuàng)傷而難以在臨床上多次反復應用,為臨床預后、療效判定及病情監(jiān)測帶來不小的困難。唾液標本的優(yōu)點主要是無創(chuàng)、易采集等,易于被患者接受,故唾液標志物檢查在pSS臨床評估中起著越來越重要的作用,有望成為pSS早期診斷、篩查或病情監(jiān)測重要指標之一。
MIF是一種具有獨特結構的多效免疫調節(jié)因子,它能夠通過先天性和適應性免疫通路,介導宿主對感染和脅迫的應答[17]。近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MIF與大量自身免疫性疾病相關[9-13]。在pSS患者血清和尿液中,也檢測出了MIF水平的升高[18-19]。本研究結果顯示,pSS患者唾液中MIF水平明顯高于對照組,pSS患者唾液中MIF也處于高表達狀態(tài)。MIF通過下游的信號通路刺激B細胞增殖,導致γ-球蛋白生成增多[20]。而γ-球蛋白廣泛參與了pSS導致唾液腺損害的病理生理過程[21]。本研究評價了唾液MIF水平與pSS發(fā)病的獨立相關性。結果顯示,排除性別、年齡、BMI等混雜因素,唾液中MIF水平是預測pSS發(fā)病的獨立危險因子。進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),唾液MIF水平與反映pSS活動性的ESSDAI評分呈正相關。這可以證明唾液中MIF可以作為重要的生物標志物來預測pSS患者發(fā)病及活動性。然而,本研究中唾液MIF水平與ESSDAI評分的相關系數(shù)較小。因此,臨床價值仍有待進一步評價。
綜上所述,唾液MIF水平是pSS發(fā)病的獨立危險因素,與疾病的活動性相關,有望通過檢測唾液中的MIF水平對pSS進行風險評估及危險分層。但本研究結論還需多中心、大樣本、前瞻性的研究來進一步證實。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-13 ?本文編輯:王曉曄)