楊麗麗 姜艷艷 蔣麗娟 張薇 張永文 劉斌
摘要:目的 ?建立枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物制備方法及定量方法,并探索其在枳實(shí)藥材質(zhì)量控制中應(yīng)用的可行性。方法 ?采用溶劑提取法、色譜分離方法制備枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物,以蕓香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷對(duì)照品為對(duì)照,對(duì)枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物含量進(jìn)行標(biāo)定。分別以已知含量的枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物和單體成分對(duì)照品(蕓香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷)為對(duì)照,建立枳實(shí)藥材HPLC含量測(cè)定方法,并測(cè)定枳實(shí)藥材中4種成分的含量,采用t檢驗(yàn)和相關(guān)性分析對(duì)含量測(cè)定結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果 ?以枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物為對(duì)照,蕓香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷進(jìn)樣量在各自范圍內(nèi)與峰面積呈良好的線性關(guān)系(r>0.999 6),平均回收率為100.45%~101.27%。t檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,2種方法測(cè)定的蕓香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷含量P值分別為0.97、0.38、0.69、0.84;相關(guān)性分析顯示,2種方法測(cè)定結(jié)果的相關(guān)系數(shù)均在0.95以上,表明2種方法無(wú)明顯差異。結(jié)論 ?枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物可用于枳實(shí)藥材的質(zhì)量控制,本研究為枳實(shí)藥材的質(zhì)量控制與評(píng)價(jià)提供了新方法。
關(guān)鍵詞:枳實(shí);對(duì)照提取物;黃酮;質(zhì)量控制
中圖分類號(hào):R284.1 ???文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A ???文章編號(hào):1005-5304(2019)09-0073-07
Study on Flavonoids Reference Extracts and Its Application to Quality Control of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus
YANG Lili1, JIANG Yanyan1, JIANG Lijuan1, ZHANG Wei1, ZHANG Yongwen2, LIU Bin1
1. School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; 2. Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100022, China
Abstract:?Objective To establish preparation method and quantitative method of flavonoids reference extracts (FRE); To explore the feasibility of its application to quality control of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus.?Methods The FRE of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus?was prepared by solvent extraction and chromatographic separation techniques. Narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were set as references to calibrate the contents of FRE of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. Setting the known contents of FRE of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and single components (Narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin) as references, HPLC methods?for Aurantii Fructus Immaturus were?established to detect the four components in Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. The results?of the content determination were statistically analyzed by t-test and correlation analysis. Results Setting the reference extracts as references, Narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were in a good linear relationship (r>0.999 6)?within each range,?and the average recovery rate was 100.45% to 101.27%. The t-test results showed that the P?values of two determination methods of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were 0.97, 0.38, 0.69 and 0.84, respectively, and the correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients were all above 0.95, indicating that there was no significant difference between the two methods.?Conclusion The FRE can be used in the quality control of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. This study provides a new method for quality control and evaluation of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus.
Keywords:Aurantii Fructus Immaturus; control extracts; flavonoids; quality control
中藥具有多成分、多靶點(diǎn)作用特點(diǎn),多成分質(zhì)量控制模式已成為中藥質(zhì)量控制的主要趨勢(shì)和重要研究方向。中藥常用的多成分質(zhì)量控制模式基本采用以多種單一對(duì)照品作為對(duì)照物質(zhì)進(jìn)行中藥質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),而多種單一對(duì)照品的模式由于存在化學(xué)對(duì)照品分離難度大、生產(chǎn)成本及技術(shù)要求高、檢測(cè)成本昂貴等問題,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中受到諸多限制[1]。為解決上述問題,有研究者提出運(yùn)用一測(cè)多評(píng)法開展中藥質(zhì)量控制,但該方法在相對(duì)校正因子的定量、指標(biāo)成分的色譜峰定性,以及方法的適用性和耐用性等方面尚存在一些問題[2-3]。因此,建立一種適合多成分中藥質(zhì)量控制的方法是解決中藥質(zhì)量控制問題的有效途徑之一,而運(yùn)用中藥對(duì)照提取物對(duì)中藥進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制,可以在解決對(duì)照品稀缺、多成分同時(shí)定量困難等問題方面有較大改善[4-6]。
枳實(shí)為蕓香科植物酸橙Citrus aurantium?L.及其栽培變種或甜橙Citrus sinensis?Osbeck的干燥幼果,具有破氣消積、化痰散痞功效,主要用于治療積滯內(nèi)停、痞滿脹痛、瀉痢后重等病癥[7]。枳實(shí)中含有黃酮、生物堿和揮發(fā)油等化學(xué)成分,其中,黃酮類成分含量約為22.45%~33.76%,具有抗炎[8]、抗氧化[9]、抑制癌細(xì)胞[10]和抗過敏[11]等藥理作用,為其發(fā)揮藥效作用的主要有效成分。枳實(shí)黃酮類成分主要由蕓香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷和新橙皮苷等組成[12-14]。2015年版《中華人民共和國(guó)藥典》(一部)枳實(shí)含量測(cè)定項(xiàng)下僅以70%乙醇浸出物和辛弗林含量為指標(biāo)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制[7],該評(píng)價(jià)方法可以在一定程度上控制和評(píng)價(jià)枳實(shí)的質(zhì)量,但缺少黃酮類成分這一重要有效成分類型。為完善枳實(shí)的質(zhì)量控制體系,本試驗(yàn)選取蕓香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷為指標(biāo),制備枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物,并對(duì)上述4種成分的含量進(jìn)行標(biāo)定,從而將枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物應(yīng)用于枳實(shí)藥材的質(zhì)量控制。
1 ?儀器與試藥
SHB-Ⅲ循環(huán)水式多用真空泵,鄭州長(zhǎng)城科工貿(mào)有限公司;KQ-500DE 型數(shù)控超聲波清洗器,昆山市超聲儀器有限公司;Waters高效液相色譜儀(包括1525型二元高壓梯度泵系統(tǒng)、2998型DAD檢測(cè)器、2414型柱溫控制系統(tǒng)、2707型自動(dòng)進(jìn)樣系統(tǒng)、Breeze色譜工作站),美國(guó)Waters公司;穩(wěn)定性試驗(yàn)箱(SHH-GSD),重慶永生實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器廠;Sunfire C18色譜柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);Sartorious BT 25S型十萬(wàn)分之一電子分析天平,北京賽多利斯儀器有限公司。
蕓香柚皮苷對(duì)照品(批號(hào)MUST-17030408,純度99.20%)、柚皮苷對(duì)照品(批號(hào)MUST-17040102,純度98.28%)、新橙皮苷對(duì)照品(批號(hào)MUST-17040707,純度98.79%),成都曼斯特生物科技有限公司;橙皮苷對(duì)照品(批號(hào)721-860110,純度98.08%),中國(guó)食品藥品檢定研究院。甲醇(色譜純,F(xiàn)isher公司),屈臣氏純凈水,其他試劑均為分析純。21批枳實(shí)藥材分別購(gòu)自不同地區(qū),經(jīng)北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)劉元艷教授鑒定為蕓香科植物酸橙Citrus aurantium?L.及其栽培變種或甜橙Cirtus sinensis?Osbeck的干燥幼果,來(lái)源信息見表1。
2 ?方法與結(jié)果
2.1 ?枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物研究
2.1.1 ?對(duì)照提取物制備
取枳實(shí)藥材(S21),適當(dāng)破碎(綠豆大),用8倍量70%乙醇(含0.5%氨水)回流提取2次,每次1.5 h,合并2次提取液,減壓濃縮至無(wú)醇味,冷凍干燥,即得提取物浸膏。提取物浸膏加10倍量水超聲(功率100 W,頻率40 kHz)分散30 min,3000 r/min離心30 min。殘?jiān)糠掷鋬龈稍?上清液以0.5 BV/h吸附流速通過AB-8大孔吸附樹脂柱,以1 BV/h洗脫流速,依次用水洗脫5 BV、40%乙醇洗脫4 BV,收集40%乙醇洗脫液,減壓濃縮,冷凍干燥,即得40%乙醇洗脫部位。殘?jiān)c40%乙醇洗脫部位合并,即得枳實(shí)黃酮對(duì)照提取物。
2.1.2 ?對(duì)照提取物標(biāo)定
2.1.2.1 ?色譜條件
采用Sunfire C18色譜柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流動(dòng)相為甲醇-水-乙酸(38∶58∶4),流速1 mL/min,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)283 nm,柱溫35 ℃,進(jìn)樣量10 μL?;旌蠈?duì)照品和對(duì)照提取物色譜圖見圖1。
2.1.2.2 ?對(duì)照品溶液制備
取蕓香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷對(duì)照品適量,精密稱定,加甲醇制成每1 mL含蕓香柚皮苷20.64 μg、柚皮苷20.59 μg、橙皮苷21.44 μg、新橙皮苷20.72 μg的溶液。
2.1.2.3 ?供試品溶液制備