盧文麗
不久前,應(yīng)中國(guó)作家協(xié)會(huì)、愛爾蘭蒙斯特文學(xué)中心和法國(guó)“潘多拉空間”詩(shī)歌協(xié)會(huì)邀請(qǐng),我隨中國(guó)詩(shī)人代表團(tuán)赴愛爾蘭科克、法國(guó)里昂參加兩國(guó)文學(xué)節(jié),與當(dāng)?shù)赜^眾近距離接觸,在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上講述中國(guó)故事。
這是我第三次應(yīng)中國(guó)作協(xié)之邀參加國(guó)外文學(xué)交流,第一次是2010年隨中國(guó)作家代表團(tuán)參加日中韓文學(xué)論壇,團(tuán)長(zhǎng)是中國(guó)作家協(xié)會(huì)主席鐵凝,副團(tuán)長(zhǎng)是莫言。第二次是2014年隨中國(guó)作家代表團(tuán)訪問(wèn)波蘭、匈牙利,團(tuán)長(zhǎng)是《人民的名義》作者周梅森。此行的中國(guó)詩(shī)人代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)是中國(guó)作協(xié)副主席、書記處書記吉狄馬加,同行的是中國(guó)社科院外文所副研究員樹才、北京師范大學(xué)特聘教授西川、重慶作協(xié)副主席冉冉、我,以及中國(guó)作協(xié)外聯(lián)部干部靳柳悅。
愛爾蘭素有“翡翠島國(guó)”之稱,自然環(huán)境保護(hù)得很好,面積不大,卻孕育了許多世界級(jí)文學(xué)巨匠,《尤利西斯》作者喬伊斯、劇作家蕭伯納,以及諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主葉芝、謝默斯·希尼都是愛爾蘭人。首都都柏林更是奧斯卡·王爾德、塞繆爾·貝克特和蕭伯納的故鄉(xiāng),被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織命名為“文學(xué)之城”。
“意識(shí)流文學(xué)之父”詹姆士·喬伊斯在其《尤利西斯》中,以近千頁(yè)的宏偉篇幅,記錄了主人公愛爾蘭小人物利奧波德·布魯姆于6月16日這一天在都柏林街頭游蕩的生活。喬伊斯曾戲言:“如果有一天都柏林被毀,人們可以根據(jù)我的小說(shuō)一磚一瓦地重建?!睘榧o(jì)念喬伊斯,都柏林在每年6月16日設(shè)立布魯姆日,來(lái)自世界各地的喬伊斯粉絲聚在一起,一邊討論《尤利西斯》,一邊吃“布魯姆風(fēng)格”的早餐。
帕奈爾廣場(chǎng),是愛爾蘭作家中心、愛爾蘭詩(shī)歌組織等各文學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)的集結(jié)地。在拜訪作家中心后,我們來(lái)到愛爾蘭詩(shī)歌組織,與該組織負(fù)責(zé)人莫林·肯內(nèi)利女士進(jìn)行了深入交談。此組織是同時(shí)接受北愛爾蘭與愛爾蘭共和國(guó)兩個(gè)藝術(shù)委員會(huì)撥款的詩(shī)歌組織,在聯(lián)合愛爾蘭詩(shī)人、推廣詩(shī)歌、發(fā)行詩(shī)歌???、資助地方詩(shī)歌節(jié)等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。
之后,步行前往英國(guó)女王伊麗莎白一世于1591年創(chuàng)建的圣三一學(xué)院,參觀了愛爾蘭國(guó)寶《凱爾經(jīng)》(Book of Kells),該書繪制于公元800年前后,內(nèi)有四本拉丁文福音書的手抄本,裝飾文字華麗,內(nèi)容博大精深,令人嘆為觀止。
訪問(wèn)間隙,去了位于愛爾蘭銀行內(nèi)的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主謝默思·希尼展館,里面陳列著大量希尼的文獻(xiàn)和實(shí)物資料及聲音、錄像。又去了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主威廉·巴特勒·葉芝紀(jì)念館,館內(nèi)不但收集了葉芝的手稿、大量珍貴老照片,還收藏著葉芝的圓框眼鏡和他的一撮灰頭發(fā)。在一眾老照片和畫作中,令人印象深刻的是葉芝的墓志銘,也是其晚年作品《本布爾本山下》里的最后三句:“投出一道冷眼/向生,向死/騎士,策馬向前!”
一條穿城而過(guò)的麗菲河將都柏林分成南北兩部分,清澈的水使整個(gè)城市顯得靈動(dòng)且充滿生機(jī)。我們抵達(dá)時(shí),愛爾蘭最盛大的節(jié)日——圣帕特里克節(jié)剛剛結(jié)束,沿途許多建筑、商場(chǎng)依然妝點(diǎn)著綠色,營(yíng)造出節(jié)日氣氛。無(wú)論是清晨圣殿酒吧區(qū)鋪著鵝卵石的步行街,還是麗妃河上翱翔的神靈般的海鷗;無(wú)論是黃昏時(shí)鳳凰公園美麗的草地、夕光中的十字架,還是日落后融化于城市燈光里夢(mèng)幻般的古老建筑,都讓人心馳神往,充滿靈感?;蛟S,正是這優(yōu)美的風(fēng)景、厚重的歷史,才使愛爾蘭孕育出如此眾多的杰出作家、詩(shī)人和劇作家吧。
都柏林書店林立,很文藝,我們跟著西川逛書店、唱片店,每個(gè)人都有收獲。我買了希尼和葉芝的詩(shī)集、詹姆士·喬伊斯小說(shuō)《都柏林人》。在著名的Hodges Figgis書店,我買了一本英文版《唐詩(shī)三百首》。
科克位于愛爾蘭西南部。到達(dá)位于半山腰的Maldron Hotel酒店時(shí),已是華燈初上時(shí)分,來(lái)自世界各地的詩(shī)人下榻于此。風(fēng)很大,空氣中聞得到大海的氣息。在酒店,遇見中國(guó)青年詩(shī)人方商羊,這位小帥哥目前在美國(guó)米切納作家中心留學(xué),他榮獲了本屆科克國(guó)際詩(shī)歌節(jié)最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)——格雷戈里·奧多諾休國(guó)際詩(shī)歌獎(jiǎng)。他鄉(xiāng)遇故知,大家都為他高興,喝了愛爾蘭著名的黑啤Guinness,泡沫細(xì)膩,味道甘醇,入口有濃郁的麥芽發(fā)酵香氣。
創(chuàng)辦于2012年的科克國(guó)際詩(shī)歌節(jié)每年舉辦一次。來(lái)自愛爾蘭、中國(guó)、美國(guó)、英國(guó)、波蘭和愛沙尼亞的40余位詩(shī)人、詩(shī)歌期刊編輯和出版商,以及近2000名當(dāng)?shù)卦?shī)歌愛好者參加了本屆詩(shī)歌節(jié)。
蒙斯特文學(xué)中心位于84 Douglas Street的一幢小樓,兩層,有扇大紅色小門,看上去像個(gè)消防局,原來(lái),這兒是著名短篇小說(shuō)家弗蘭克·奧康納的舊居。我們拜會(huì)了蒙斯特文學(xué)中心藝術(shù)主任帕特里克·科特及其他負(fù)責(zé)人,就接下來(lái)即將舉行的兩場(chǎng)朗誦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了溝通。帕特里克把印刷精美的中國(guó)詩(shī)人詩(shī)歌手冊(cè)發(fā)給我們,并提到此次受邀參加活動(dòng)的中國(guó)詩(shī)人陣容強(qiáng)大,相信會(huì)給他國(guó)詩(shī)人和愛爾蘭觀眾留下深刻印象。
當(dāng)晚,在科克藝術(shù)劇院舉辦了吉狄馬加專場(chǎng)詩(shī)歌朗誦會(huì),吉狄馬加現(xiàn)場(chǎng)朗誦了他的部分作品,并與同場(chǎng)朗誦的波蘭著名詩(shī)人托馬士·魯日斯基就母語(yǔ)寫作、詩(shī)歌形式與內(nèi)容等主題進(jìn)行了交流。
代表團(tuán)還積極參加詩(shī)歌節(jié)期間的工作坊、各國(guó)詩(shī)人朗誦會(huì),學(xué)習(xí)借鑒不同詩(shī)歌形式與朗誦風(fēng)格,領(lǐng)略各國(guó)詩(shī)歌的音韻之美。
次日上午,科克市圖書館舉辦了“Four Chinese Poets”(四位中國(guó)詩(shī)人)朗誦會(huì),現(xiàn)場(chǎng)座無(wú)虛席,四位詩(shī)人依次朗誦,我被安排在第一個(gè)。我用英語(yǔ)作了簡(jiǎn)短的開場(chǎng)白,自我介紹說(shuō)自己來(lái)自中國(guó)南方城市杭州,杭州古老而美麗,盛產(chǎn)茶葉和絲綢,有一個(gè)美麗的西湖,誕生過(guò)很多神話和傳說(shuō),在中國(guó)的唐代、宋代,有兩位著名詩(shī)人當(dāng)過(guò)“杭州市長(zhǎng)”,他們的名字叫白居易、蘇東坡。
作為一個(gè)詩(shī)人,我也為家鄉(xiāng)寫了許多詩(shī),我用英語(yǔ)朗誦了《龍井問(wèn)茶》,用中文朗誦了《九溪煙樹》《長(zhǎng)橋公園》,三首詩(shī)歌均取自我的《西湖印象詩(shī)100》。這100首吟詠歌頌西湖和杭州的詩(shī)篇,近年被翻譯成英語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)、韓語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)等文字,這次,我繼續(xù)為杭州、為西湖打Call。
之后,另外三位詩(shī)人相繼登臺(tái),重慶作協(xié)副主席冉冉的重慶普通話誦讀韻味深長(zhǎng)。樹才是浙江奉化人,當(dāng)過(guò)中國(guó)駐塞內(nèi)加爾外交官,用法語(yǔ)朗誦了自己的詩(shī)。壓軸的西川更是出彩,一段中英文混搭的京腔Rap將現(xiàn)場(chǎng)氣氛推向高潮,引得粉絲們陣陣喝彩。
愛爾蘭詩(shī)人托馬斯·麥卡錫在聽完朗誦后說(shuō),四位詩(shī)人的風(fēng)格各有千秋,讓人回味無(wú)窮。
朗誦會(huì)后,眾多詩(shī)歌愛好者請(qǐng)中國(guó)詩(shī)人簽名留影,氣氛友好熱烈。一位穿灰色棒針毛衣的白須老者向我走來(lái),自我介紹說(shuō)他叫吉恩,本地人,非常喜歡中國(guó)詩(shī)歌,說(shuō)著遞給我一本青花瓷封面的書,白底上的藍(lán)色書名十分醒目:《Chinese Poems》。我注意到這是一本1961年出版的詩(shī)集,譯者是Arthur Waley,書里還夾著許多小紙條。吉恩告訴我這本詩(shī)集陪他30多年了,里面有我剛才提到的白居易和蘇東坡的詩(shī)。吉恩沒到過(guò)中國(guó),他說(shuō)是詩(shī)歌把我們聯(lián)系在了一起。
托馬斯·麥卡錫在見面會(huì)上對(duì)新華社記者說(shuō),他很喜歡中國(guó)詩(shī)歌和中國(guó)詩(shī)人,希望能有更多中國(guó)詩(shī)歌被翻譯成外文推向世界。
次日,我們?cè)谑謾C(jī)上看到新華社對(duì)我們此行的報(bào)道——《中國(guó)詩(shī)人在愛爾蘭科克國(guó)際詩(shī)歌節(jié)上備受關(guān)注》。
里昂始建于公元前43年,在羅馬帝國(guó)時(shí)期曾是高盧都城。里昂是中國(guó)古代絲綢之路在西方的終點(diǎn),也是中國(guó)絲綢產(chǎn)品在歐洲的集散中心。在里昂,我們拜訪了里昂“魅力春天”詩(shī)歌節(jié)藝術(shù)主任、“潘多拉空間”詩(shī)歌協(xié)會(huì)主任蒂埃里·勒納爾先生,他介紹了每年春天在法國(guó)舉行的“魅力春天”詩(shī)歌節(jié)系列活動(dòng),歡迎中國(guó)詩(shī)人在詩(shī)歌節(jié)即將結(jié)束之際為詩(shī)歌節(jié)注入新的活力。
中國(guó)詩(shī)人歡迎會(huì)的主持人為前市長(zhǎng)、詩(shī)人安德里亞·伊阿科維拉,他熱烈歡迎中國(guó)詩(shī)人代表團(tuán)的到來(lái),并且強(qiáng)調(diào)近距離地接觸中國(guó)詩(shī)人、聆聽中國(guó)聲音非常有意義。歡迎會(huì)上,法國(guó)藝術(shù)家們呈上了精彩的太極表演,吉狄馬加和西川在致辭后朗誦了詩(shī)作,他們的法文譯作由法國(guó)詩(shī)人朗誦,贏得了陣陣掌聲。
招待會(huì)結(jié)束已近下午四點(diǎn),我們趕往坐落于里昂古城的新中法大學(xué)。1921年創(chuàng)立的里昂中法大學(xué),石堡城門上用漢字和法文鐫刻的“中法大學(xué)”的石匾依然清晰可見。進(jìn)了大門,就可以看到一座蔡元培、戴望舒等十名中國(guó)學(xué)生的青銅像。1919年至1920年間,先后有20批1700多中國(guó)人到法國(guó)留學(xué),包括周恩來(lái)、鄧小平、陳毅等。
該校校長(zhǎng)阿蘭·拉帕介紹,由于經(jīng)費(fèi)困難,里昂中法大學(xué)在1951年停辦。沉寂近30年后,1980年,該校以里昂中法學(xué)院之名重獲“新生”,專門為已有大學(xué)學(xué)歷并從事某項(xiàng)專業(yè)工作的人提供短期進(jìn)修、深造機(jī)會(huì)。2014年,該校再次更名為里昂新中法大學(xué)。它既是對(duì)當(dāng)年歷史的見證,更是中法友誼的延續(xù)。
我們參加了藝術(shù)家里奧納爾·薩巴坦“花落知多少”雕塑展開幕式,展館陳列墻上,鑲嵌著戴望舒、潘玉良、常書鴻的成績(jī)單。
在詩(shī)歌朗誦環(huán)節(jié),我邀請(qǐng)妹妹同臺(tái)朗誦了《從來(lái)都沒有多余的事物》《現(xiàn)在讓我們談?wù)剱矍椤愤@兩首詩(shī),我念中文,妹妹念法文,姐妹搭檔,殊為難得。為了見上一面,妹妹帶著兩個(gè)可愛的孩子,專程從巴黎坐了三小時(shí)火車到里昂來(lái)看望我。
愛爾蘭和法國(guó)是有著悠久文學(xué)歷史和眾多文學(xué)大師的國(guó)度,文學(xué)氛圍濃厚。此次出訪,與當(dāng)?shù)赜^眾近距離接觸,在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)上傳播了中國(guó)聲音,講述了中國(guó)故事,讓外國(guó)讀者領(lǐng)略了中國(guó)詩(shī)歌的音韻之美。我們還積極參加詩(shī)歌節(jié)期間的工作坊、各國(guó)詩(shī)人朗誦會(huì),學(xué)習(xí)了解不同詩(shī)歌形式與朗誦風(fēng)格,領(lǐng)略各國(guó)詩(shī)歌的音韻之美,開闊了視野,增進(jìn)了交流,為今后的寫作提供了養(yǎng)分,可謂受益匪淺。
My Visit to the? City of Literature
By Lu Wenli
Invited by China Writers Association, Munster Literary Centre of Ireland and “Pandora Space” Poem Association of France, I joined a delegation of Chinese poets in March of this year to take part in the literary festivals held in Cork (in Ireland) and Lyon (in France), where the delegation contributed to the vibrant literary carnival by sharing China stories with literary enthusiasts from all over the world.
This was my third time participation in such an exciting cultural exchange program. The first time was in 2010, with the delegation led by Tie Ning, Chair of China Writers Association, and Mo Yan, the Nobel Prize laureate. In 2014, I visited Poland and Hungary as a member of a delegation of Chinese writers and poets. This time, Dublin was the focus of our visit to Ireland and France. It gave me the deepest impression. A UNESCO City of Literature, Dublin, the capital city of Ireland, produced a galaxy of literature giants such as Bernard Shaw, Oscar Wilde and Samuel Beckett. The literary glory of Ireland also draws flair from W.B. Yeats.
Bloomsday is an annual worldwide celebration of James Joyces epic novel . Named for Leopold Bloom, the protagonist of , Bloomsday is celebrated on June 16 by the novelists fans coming from all corners of the world to relive the charm of? and the literary magnificence of Irish heritages by taking part in various cultural events and enjoying a “Bloom breakfast”. The entire novel records what the protagonist saw and his random thoughts in a whole days aimless loitering in Dublin. I regretted that I was about three months too soon in Dublin.
Our “l(fā)iterature promenade” in Dublin brought us to a host of interesting destinations such as Parnell Square, Ireland Writers Centre, and various other literary establishments. A talk with the director of the Irish Poetry Society turned out more inspiring than expected.
At Trinity College Dublin, we admired the magnificent Book of Kells, written about 800 years ago and the centerpiece of Trinity Colleges Old Library & Long Room tour, a must see for anyone visiting Dublin. The depth of the content of the book, together with its lavish binding and layout, is awe-inspiring.
We also managed to find time for a visit to the exhibition of the Nobel Literature Prize winner and “Irish literary legend”, Seamus Heaney, at the Bank of Ireland Cultural Space. At the W.B. Yeats Museum, the epitaph of the man, widely considered to be one of the greatest poets of the 20th century and the first Irishman honored with a Nobel Prize in Literature, filled the heart of everyone with heavenly sentiments. The epitaph was taken from the last lines of his :
Cast a cold eye
On life, on death.
Horseman, pass by!
When we landed in Dublin, the festivity of St. Patricks Day, Irelands national day and a world party, had just rung down the curtain. The festival atmosphere was still lingering. Everything, from the citys cobblestone pedestrian streets, the seagulls spreading wings on the River Liffey that flows through the center of Dublin, to the Phoenix Park, the largest enclosed public park in any capital city in Europe, and the mesmerizing silhouettes of age-old architecture, is a strong reminder of the national spirit and engaging romanticism of Ireland.
Strewn with bookstores and CD stores, Dublin is also a paradise for book lovers. I went back to the hotel with an English version of? bought from the world-famous Hodges Figgis.
Maldron Hotel, nestled on the hillside in southwestern Ireland, is a favorite accommodation option for poets coming from all over the world for a pilgrimage in the City of Literature. When we arrived there, the evening lights were lit and the gusts from the sea poured in. We chanced upon Fang Shangyang, a young poet from China. He was there for the awarding ceremony of the Gregory ODonoghue International Poetry Award, the highest award of the Cork International Poetry Festival, held annually since 2012. This years gathering drew participation of about 2,000 local poetry enthusiasts and more than 40 poets, editors and publishers from Ireland, China, America, UK, Poland and the Republic of Estonia. The Gregory ODonoghue International Poetry Competition gives poetry writers a chance to win 1000 for a single poem.
We also paid a visit to the former residence of Frank OConnor, Irish playwright, novelist, and short-story writer, located at No. 84 Douglas Street.
At the “Four Chinese Poets” special session held at the Cork Library, I introduced myself in English and took the opportunity to introduce Hangzhou, where I am from, to the audience by sharing my Hangzhou-themed poems. I read three poems about Hangzhou, one in English and two in Chinese.
After the session, an old man in a gray sweater approached me, introducing himself as Gene, with a book in his hand. “I love Chinese poems,” he told me, showing me the book titled “Chinese Poems”. A closer look showed the translator of the poems was Arthur Waley and the book was published in 1961. Author Waley was an English orientalist and sinologist who achieved both popular and scholarly acclaim for his translations of Chinese and Japanese poetry.
“I never got tired of reading it,” he pointed at the sticky notes in the book. “Ive never been to China, but I learned a lot about China by reading poems.”