文/南窗
《濰縣署中畫竹呈年伯包大丞括》是清代著名畫家、文學(xué)家鄭燮在其濰縣(今濰坊市)知縣任上所作的一首七言絕句。鄭燮,即鄭板橋,“揚州八怪”之一。鄭板橋雖是江蘇人,卻與山東有著深厚感情。他在濰縣為官7年,留下了廉潔奉公、勤政愛民的美名,其“一枝一葉總關(guān)情”的為民情懷,至今被人廣泛傳頌。
“四十年來畫竹枝,日間揮寫夜間思”“寫取一枝清瘦竹,秋風(fēng)江上作漁竿”,諸如此類詠竹的詩句,在鄭板橋的詩作中比比皆是。鄭板橋一生愛竹,不但詠竹,還畫竹、寫竹。在他的筆下,竹子被賦予了正直、奮進、堅韌等優(yōu)秀品格?!稙H縣署中畫竹呈年伯包大丞括》就是一首與竹子有關(guān)的詩作,又叫作《墨竹圖題詩》,是鄭板橋眾多題畫詩中較為著名的一首。全詩從寫竹入手,托物言志,表達了他為官一任就要造福一方的理想志向,讀來發(fā)人深思,耐人尋味。
“衙齋臥聽蕭蕭竹,疑是民間疾苦聲”兩句,寫的是詩人躺臥在衙齋內(nèi),聽到窗外風(fēng)吹竹葉蕭蕭作響,其聲嗚咽,甚有悲涼之意,由此想到了民間的疾苦。一個“疑”字,體現(xiàn)了鄭板橋身為地方父母官,時刻心系百姓的責(zé)任意識。在濰縣任職期間,鄭板橋體恤民情、關(guān)心民瘼,曾于災(zāi)荒之年開倉放糧,救民于水火, 史載“燮開倉賑貸……發(fā)谷若干石,令民具領(lǐng)券借給,活萬余人?!睘闇p輕農(nóng)民負擔(dān),鄭板橋還主動拿出自己的“養(yǎng)廉銀”,代農(nóng)民交納賦稅。其愛民如子,以至于此。
“些小吾曹州縣吏,一枝一葉總關(guān)情”,“雖然我們只是個州縣里的小小官吏,但百姓的每一件小事,都牽動著我們的心,都與我們的感情相關(guān)聯(lián)”。這兩句抒發(fā)了詩人將民生系于一身的志向,“一枝一葉”表面詠竹,暗喻民間疾苦,既照應(yīng)了竹畫和詩題,又寄寓了詩人深厚的情感:“百姓的冷暖安危時刻牽動著我們的心?!?/p>
鄭板橋就是這樣的一個“枝葉關(guān)情”的父母官,他時刻關(guān)心著百姓的疾苦,為民辦事“纖悉必周”。史載鄭板橋在任內(nèi),“無留牘,無冤民”,沒有積壓的文件,沒有含冤負屈之人,“囹圄囚空者數(shù)次”,監(jiān)獄里甚至都空了好幾次。鄭板橋曾請人刻過一方名為“七品官耳”的印信,常用于鈐印題詩繪畫,雖然官做得不大,但鄭板橋那一份沉甸甸的責(zé)任感、使命感卻始終與其仕途生涯相伴而行。他的清廉愛民作風(fēng),他的高尚人格魅力,與他的詩、書、畫“三絕”一起,永遠留在了濰縣歷史上,記在了百姓心坎里。
“春風(fēng)七載在濰縣”,在當(dāng)了7年的濰縣知縣后,鄭板橋掛冠而去。離開濰縣那天,除了帶著三頭毛驢和書籍鋪蓋,鄭板橋別無他物。史載當(dāng)日城內(nèi)萬人空巷,百姓痛哭遮留,家家畫像以祀。后來,濰縣人還為鄭板橋立了生祠,并將其與另外兩位對濰坊有功的知縣一同供奉在“三賢祠”。“天地之間有桿秤,那秤砣是老百姓”,一位愛民如子、“一枝一葉總關(guān)情”的父母官,怎能不受百姓的愛戴?
習(xí)近平總書記曾多次引用鄭板橋的這首詩,來詮釋什么是“為民”,為什么“為民”,怎樣“為民”。“一枝一葉總關(guān)情”,不僅僅是一種情懷,也是一種行動,它告訴為官者,要以人民為中心,時刻心系人民,要把老百姓的冷暖時刻放在心頭,為官一任,就當(dāng)造福一方。
編輯/魏偉
○在鄭板橋筆下,竹子被賦予了正直、奮進、堅韌等優(yōu)秀品格。圖/視覺中國In the writings of Zheng Banqiao, the bamboo is endowed with integrity, endeavor and tenacity.
The poem is a seven-character poem of four lines composed by Zheng Xie, a famous painter and man of letters in the Qing Dynasty, during his term of office (as a county magistrate)in Weixian (present-day Weifang City).Zheng Xie, otherwise known as Zheng Banqiao, was one of the “Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou”. Though Zheng Banqiao was born in Jiangsu, he had deep feelings for Shandong. Working as an official in Weixian for seven years, he had a good reputation of honestly performing off i cial duties, diligently handling government affairs and caring for the people. His spirit — “Every tiny thing attracts concern” is still widely eulogized now.
General Secretary Xi Jinping cited the poem more than once to explain the meaning, purpose and approach of“serving the people”. The verse— “Every tiny thing attracts concern” is not only a feeling, but also a sort of action. It tells officials to focus on and care for the people all the time, bear the demands of the public in mind, and bring benef i ts to the common people.