◎規(guī)則梳理
一、“元音字母+r”音節(jié)
由“元音字母+r”所構成的音節(jié)一共有五個,即ar、 er、 ir、 or和ur。它們在單詞中的讀音規(guī)則如下:
1.ar的讀音
① ar一般讀作/ɑ /。例如:
hard /hɑ d/, garden/? ɡɑ dn/, market/? mɑ k t/, park /pɑ k/, farm/fɑ m/, smart/smɑ t/, scarf/skɑ f/
②在音素/w/之后,ar讀作/ /。例如:
war/w (r)/, warm/w m/, warmth/w mθ/,
warn/w n/
③在非重讀音節(jié)中,ar讀作/ /。例如:
dollar/? d l (r)/, popular/? p pj l (r)/, sugar
/? ? 尬ɡ (r)/, similar/? s m l (r)/
2.er的讀音
①在重讀音節(jié)中,er讀作長元音/ /。例如:
her/h ( ) /, dessert/d z t /, prefer/pr f (r)/, person/? p sn/, service/? s v s/
【特例】在單詞clerk中,er讀作 /ɑ /。
②在非重讀音節(jié)中,er讀作短元音/ /。例如:
answer/? ɑ ns (r)/, computer/k m? pju t (r)/, daughter/? d t (r)/, concert/? k ns t/, shower
/? ? a (r)/, exercise/? eks sa z/, never/? nev (r)/,
percent/p ? sent/, proper/? pr p (r)/, sister/? s st (r)/
3.ir的讀音
一般情況下,ir都讀作長元音的/ :/。例如:
bird/b d/, dirty/? d ti/, first/f st/, shirt/? 誻 t/, thirty/? θ ti/, birthday/? b θde /, girl/ɡ l/, sir/s (r)/
4.or的讀音
①在重讀音節(jié)中,or常讀作/ /。例如:
sport/sp t/, morning/? m n 耷/, born/b n/,
important/ m? p tnt/, north/n θ/
【特例】airport中的or在非重讀音節(jié)里,但也發(fā)/ /。
②在音素/w/之后,or讀作長元音/ /。例如:
word/w d/, worse/w s/, worker/? w k (r)/, world/w ld/, worth/w θ/
③在非重讀音節(jié)中,or發(fā)短元音的/ /。例如:
color/? k l (r)/, actor/? ?覸kt (r)/, neighborhood
/? ne b h d/, forget/f ? ɡet/
5.ur的讀音
①在重讀音節(jié)中,ur讀作長元音/ /。例如:
Thursday/? θ zde /, survey/? s ve /, turkey
/? t ki/, nurse/n s/, purple/? p pl/,
②在非重讀音節(jié)中,ur讀作短元音/ /。例如:
Saturday/? s?覸t de /, surpised/s ? pra zd/,
yogurt/? j ɡ t/
【注意】當元音字母后面有兩個r時,我們不能把其中的“元音字母+r”看作?鄄r音節(jié),而只能當作元音字母在重讀閉音節(jié)中的發(fā)音,因此hurry中的u讀
/ /、carrot 中的a讀/?覸/、sorry中的o讀 / /、worry中的o讀/ /。
二、“元音字母組合+ r”音節(jié)
由“元音字母組合+r”所構成的音節(jié)常見的有七個,即air、ear、eer、eir、oar、oor和our。它們在單詞中的讀音規(guī)則如下:
1.air 常讀作/e /。例如:
airport/? e p t/, chair/t? e (r)/, pair/pe (r)/,
repair/r pe (r)/, fair/fe (r)/, stair(樓梯)/ste (r)/
2.ear常讀作/ /,有時也讀作/ /或者/e /。例如:
dear/d (r)/, near/n /, early/? li/, learn/l n/,
research/r s t? /, bear/be (r)/, wear/we (r)/
【特例】在單詞heart中,ear讀作/ɑ /。
3.eer常讀作/ /。例如:
beer/b (r)/, deer/d (r)/, volunteer/?謣v l n? t (r)/, engineer/?謣end?廾 n (r)/, cheer/t? 奘 (r)/, peer/p (r)/
4.eir常讀作/e /,偶爾讀作/ /。例如:
their/?奩e (r) /, heirship(繼承權)/? e ? 奘p/, weir(攔河壩)/w (r) /,keir(染缸)/k /
5.oar常讀作/ /。例如:
board /b d/, aboard(在船上;在飛機上)/ ? b d/, coarse(粗糙的;粗俗的)/k s/
6.oor常讀作/ /。例如:
floor/fl (r)/, door/d /, moor(荒野)/m (r)/
7.our通常讀作/ /,有時也讀作/a /或/ /。例如:
four/f (r)/, fourteen/?謣f ti n/, pour/p (r)/, your
/j (r)/, yours/j z/, yourself/j ? self/, our/? a (r)/, hour/? a (r)/, tour/t (r)/
三、“元音字母+re”音節(jié)
由“元音字母+re”所構成的音節(jié)一共有五個,即are、ere、ire、ore和ure。它們在單詞中的讀音規(guī)則如下:
1.are通常讀作/e /,有時也讀作/e r/。例如:
care/ke (r)/, share/? e (r)/, spare/spe (r)/, dare/de (r)/, parent/? pe r nt/
【特例】單詞are讀作/ɑ /或者/ /。
2.ere通常發(fā)/e /,有時也讀作/ /。例如:
there/?奩e (r)/, where/we (r)/, here /h /, fere(伴侶)/f /
3.ire常讀作/a /。例如:
tired/? ta d/, fire/fa (r)/, admire(欽佩;贊美)
/ d? ma (r)/, ceasefire(?;?;停戰(zhàn))/? si:sfa (r)/
4.ore一般只讀作/ /。例如:
before/b f (r)/, store/st (r)/, more/m (r)/, bore/b (r)/, chore/t? 蘅 (r)/, sore/s (r)/
5.ure在重讀音節(jié)中常讀作雙元音/ /,在非重讀音節(jié)中卻發(fā)短音/ /。例如:
sure/? 尬 (r)/, ensure/ n? ? 尬 (r)/, picture/? p kt? (r)/, lecture/? lekt? (r)/, temperature/? tempr t? (r)/
◎專項小練
根據r音節(jié)的一般讀音規(guī)律,給出下列單詞中畫線部分的讀音。
1.pork 2.hard 3.short
4.term 5.later 6.forward
7.chair 8.daughter 9.dear
10.earth 11.pioneer 12.course
13.party 14.towards 15.hair
16.dare 17.more 18.pleasure
19.work 20.doctor 21.thirsty
22.where 23.culture 24.fear
25.grammar 26.keyboard 27.score
28.skirt
(答案見第64頁)