◎用法梳理
初中課本中出現(xiàn)了大量的“動(dòng)詞+介詞”和“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),各地中考題中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的試題?,F(xiàn)將其基本用法小結(jié)如下:
1.“動(dòng)詞+介詞”類的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),無(wú)論是名詞還是代詞作其賓語(yǔ),都放在介詞的后面。例如:
He is waiting for Mary. 他正在等瑪麗。
He is waiting for her. 他正在等她。
動(dòng)詞后接介詞with、 like、 at、 after、 for、 about、 to、 into、 through等構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ), 通常有:deal with 處理、 look at看著、 laugh at嘲笑、 look like看起來(lái)像、 look after照顧、 dream of夢(mèng)見、 dream about夢(mèng)到、 major in主修、 work on 從事;忙于、 hear of聽說(shuō)、 hear from 收到……來(lái)信、 depend on 依靠、 listen to 聽、 wait for 等待、 care for 關(guān)心;關(guān)懷、 send for派人去請(qǐng)、 care about 關(guān)心;擔(dān)心、 aim at 向……瞄準(zhǔn)、fall into 落入、 knock at / on 敲擊、 knock into 撞了某人、 live on 以……為主食、 feed on 以食……為主、concentrate on專心于、 agree to sth. 同意某事、 agree with sb.同意某人、 agree on 就……達(dá)成一致、 decide on 確定、 look through 瀏覽
2.當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+副詞”類的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),該名詞可以放在副詞前面或后面;如果其賓語(yǔ)是代詞,只能放在動(dòng)詞與副詞中間。例如:
It is time to get out of bed. Please wake Jack up. (=Please wake up Jack.) 是起床的時(shí)候了。請(qǐng)叫醒杰克。
Why not wake them up? 為什么不叫醒他們?(不說(shuō)Why not wake up them?)
巧記這種用法的順口溜是:
課本中常見的這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:shut down 關(guān)閉、cut down 砍到、 turn down 調(diào)低音量、 take down 取下、put down 放下、 let down 使沮喪、 turn up 調(diào)高音量、shut up 切斷、 put up 搭起;舉起、 fix up 修理;修補(bǔ)、 set up 創(chuàng)立;創(chuàng)辦、 think up 想出、 clean up 清掃、 use up 用光;用盡、 give up 放棄、 look up 查閱、 wake up喚醒、 call / ring up 打電話、 mix up 混合、 cut up 切碎、 pick up 拾起、 make up 編造、 put out 熄滅、 hand out 分發(fā)、 sell out 賣完、 carry out 執(zhí)行;落實(shí)、 work out 計(jì)算出;成功、 give out 發(fā)放;分發(fā)、 blow out 吹滅、give back 歸還、 take back 收回、 call back 回電話、give away 捐贈(zèng)、 take away 帶走;拿走、 put away 擺放好、 clean out 清除;把……清掃干凈、 find out 查明、take up 撿起;從事、 bring out 顯示出
3.on、 in、 off、 over等既可用作介詞,又可用作副詞。下面是同學(xué)們?nèi)菀谆煜膭?dòng)詞短語(yǔ):
我們可以利用順口溜巧記上面5個(gè)易混淆的“動(dòng)詞+副詞”短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:
4.有些“動(dòng)詞+副詞”是不及物的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),須加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~才能接賓語(yǔ)。例如:
look forward (to) 期待、 get back(to) 返回、 show up 露面;出席、 set out 啟程、 run off 逃走、 break down出故障、 get on / along (with) 進(jìn)展;相處、 hold on (to)堅(jiān)持、 stay up 熬夜、 give in (to) 讓步;屈服、 run out (of) 用完、 come out 出版;(花)開了
5.有些“動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可用作及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)比較:
① take off vi. 起飛, vt. 脫下
How soon will the plane take off? 飛機(jī)多久以后就會(huì)起飛?
You d better take off your wet clothes. 你最好脫下濕衣服。
② get back vi. 返回;vt. 取回
When did he get back ? 他什么時(shí)候返回的?
My book is upstairs. I ll get it back. 我的書在樓上。我要取回它。
③ wake up vi. 醒來(lái),vt. 喚醒
Wake up! It s time to get out of bed. 醒來(lái)吧!起床時(shí)間到了。
Wake her up, or she will be late for school. 叫醒她,否則她上學(xué)會(huì)遲到。
◎考場(chǎng)奪冠
根據(jù)句意,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案。
1.—My mother cooks delicious food every day. I ve six pounds.
—I think you should do more exercise.
【2017·十堰中考題】
A.put away B.put off
C.put on D.put up
2.In a soccer game, it s important for the players to play together and the best in each other.
【2017·襄陽(yáng)中考題】
A.hand out B.leave out
C.bring out D.take out
3.The teacher asked the students to a story about a trip to the moon.
【2017·隨州中考題】
A.give up B.turn up
C.cut up D.make up
4.If you want to know more about space, please the book A Brief of Time.
【2017·廣東中考題】
A.look through B.look around
C.look after D.look down upon
NKFNP3aqY17wC6R6MIaxkwAeue0AxSwGx9X4ymRDTx8=5.We need to do some research to the answer.
【2016·河北中考題】
A.find out B.look out
C.hand out D.take out
6.—What s the meaning of “secretary” ?
—Let me the word in the dictionary.
【2016·南寧中考題】
A.look at B.look for
C.look after D.look up
7.Some animals can the color around to protect themselves.
【2018·安徽中考題】
A.take on B.give up
C.put away D.see off
8.—The government is trying to protect the environment now.
—Yeah. It is reported that some factories will be soon.
【2018·東營(yíng)中考題】
A.set up B.shut off
C.given up D.turned off
(答案見第64頁(yè))