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作文欲搶眼,開頭是關(guān)鍵

2018-12-29 00:00:00赫艷馨
瘋狂英語·愛英語 2018年10期

常言道:良好的開端是成功的一半。作文的開頭如果能恰到好處,常能一下子吸引住讀者,也能增加文章的亮點。所以,能否靈活自如地寫好作文開頭往往關(guān)系到一篇文章的成敗。

英語作文的篇幅普遍比較簡短,開頭更需明確文章的主題。下面介紹一下寫英語作文時常用的幾種開頭方法。

一、直白法

直白法即開門見山法,要求作文開頭用一兩句話就引出主題,也就是說,讓讀者快速、直接地了解文章的主旨,而不是去繞圈子。例如:

1.My dream is to be a doctor. And I have never changed my mind till now. 我的夢想是成為一名醫(yī)生,至今我也沒有改變我的主意。

2.Whether you are a smoker or a nonsmoker, you should take measures to protect your lungs. 無論你是否是吸煙者,你都應(yīng)采取措施保護你的肺。

3.Happiness is easy to find and easy to lose. It depends on the way you look at life. 幸福易得也易失,這取決于你看待生活的方式。

二、引語法

引語法是指使用一段名人名言或人們常用的諺語、習(xí)語、警句等來確定文章的寫作范圍和方向。這樣,用簡短的語言就能點明題旨,從而達到快速入題的目的,也會使文章上一個檔次。例如:

1.There is a well-known saying, “As one coin has two sides, everything has its advantages and disadvantages.” Computer games are no exception. It has brought us both advantages and disadvantages.常言道:“凡事都有兩面性,有利也有弊?!彪娔X游戲也不例外。它給我們帶來了好處和壞處。

2.As an old saying goes, “Art is long, but life is short.” We have only limited time to obtain unlimited knowledge. 正如一句老話所說:“藝術(shù)是永恒的,但生命是短暫的?!蔽覀冎挥杏糜邢薜臅r間去獲得無限的知識。

三、背景法

背景法指的是敘事類的文章可以在一開頭就把人物、時間、事件和環(huán)境等內(nèi)容交代清楚。例如:

1.Last month, my family went to Taishan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us. 上個月,我們?nèi)胰顺嘶疖嚾チ颂┥剑覀兓耸畟€小時才到達那里。這是多么漫長而累人的旅程啊!我們很累,但美麗的景色使我們興奮。

2.Today is my birthday. It is the first time that I spent my birthday in the United States. 今天是我的生日。這是我第一次在美國過生日。

3.It was cold in the late winter. The night was dark, and not a star was to be seen in the sky. The north wind was howling dreadfully outside the house,like the screams of some wounded wild beasts. 晚冬的天氣很冷。黑暗的夜空看不到一顆星星。北風(fēng)在屋外呼嘯而過,就像受傷的野獸的尖叫聲。

四、現(xiàn)象法

現(xiàn)象法要求在文章的開頭先描述一種普遍存在的現(xiàn)象,然后再發(fā)表對該現(xiàn)象的看法和觀點,從而點明主題。例如:

1.Man is now facing a big problem... which is becoming more and more serious.人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……,這個問題變得越來越嚴重。

2.Nowadays smoking is popular. Even some teenagers smoke. If you ask them “Why do you smoke?” They might answer “It looks cool.” Is it really a cool thing? I?蒺m afraid I can?蒺t agree. 當(dāng)今吸煙是很普遍的,甚至一些青少年也吸煙。如果你問他們:“你為什么吸煙?”他們可能會回答:“這看起來很酷?!边@真的是件很酷的事嗎?恐怕我不能同意。

五、對比法

對比法是通過論述先簡要表達人們對某一話題的不同觀點,然后亮明自己更加合理的看法,以起到一種襯托的作用。例如:

“Best friend” may have different definitions to different people. A child may regard the ones who always whisper to him as his best friends. The young boys may regard the ones who always play with them as their best friends. To me “Best friend” is the one who I like best and we are faithful to each other. “最好的朋友”對不同的人可能有不同的定義。孩子可能會認為那些總是對他耳語的人是他最好的朋友。男孩們可能會把那些一直和自己一起玩的人當(dāng)作他們最好的朋友。對我來說,“最好的朋友”是我最喜歡的人,我們彼此忠誠。

六、問答法

問答法就是針對某個話題先提出問題以激起讀者的閱讀興趣,然后自己對該問題給予解答。通過答案來呈現(xiàn)觀點,從而吸引閱卷者的注意,引出文章的主題。這種方法適用于各種體裁的文章。例如:

1.What I want to be when I grow up? My answer is “an English interpreter”. Why do I hope to become an English interpreter? There are two reasons. 我長大后想做什么呢?我的回答是“英語口譯譯員”。為什么我希望成為一名英語口譯譯員呢?有兩個原因。

2.Can wealth bring happiness? Different people have different opinions about this. Some people take it for granted that wealth is the source of happiness. Some people... 財富能帶來幸福嗎?不同的人對此有不同的看法。有些人想當(dāng)然地認為財富是幸福的源泉。有些人……bwIULT8jOYe3rS5+anAvWMspvAIlHSiSuAimnn9RKhw=

3.What is success? Different people may give different answers to this question. Some people think that... 什么是成功?不同的人可能會對這個問題給出不同的答案。有些人認為……

七、回憶法

回憶法是指在描述事件或游記類的文章中采用回憶性的開頭吸引讀者的眼球。這種類型的開頭通常含有描述自己心情或情緒的詞匯,如never forget(永遠無法忘記)、 remember (記得)、 unforgettable(難以忘懷的)、 exciting(令人激動的)、 surprising(令人驚訝的)、 sad (難過的)等。例如:

1.I will never forget my first trip to London. It was really an unforgettable experience I had.我永遠不會忘記我的第一次倫敦之旅。那確實是我一次難以忘懷的經(jīng)歷。

2.I remember my first trip to the Great Wall as if it were yesterday. 我記得第一次去長城的時候,就好像是昨天發(fā)生的一樣。

八、描述法

描述法主要指在作文的開篇就對人物的性格、言談、外貌或事物的某些細節(jié)進行一番比較詳盡的說明。例如:

1.She views the world through outsized glasses. Her hair is long and flowing. She wears a mini?鄄skirt even in winter. She is the today girl, the modern teenage girl. 她透過超大的眼鏡看世界。她的頭發(fā)又長又滑。即使在冬天,她也穿迷你裙。她是當(dāng)今的女孩,現(xiàn)代的少女。

2.There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best?鄄sellers, untouched. The second has a great many books—a few of them read through. The third has a few books or many—every one of them dog?鄄eared and dilapidated. 持書者有三種。第一種收集所有的標準集和暢銷書,但從沒有動過。第二種有很多書——其中有幾本是讀過的。第三種有幾本書或很多書——每本書角都卷了起來,破舊不堪。

九、預(yù)知法

在有的文章中,特別是敘事類的文章中,我們可以采用倒敘的寫作手法,先寫出事件的結(jié)果,然后再陳述過程,這種寫作方法被稱為預(yù)知法。例如:

1.I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It?蒺s a...story.我躺在醫(yī)院的病床上,我對我的朋友們笑了笑,盡管我的腿疼。你想知道我發(fā)生了什么事嗎?讓我告訴你。這是個……故事。

2.There are different opinions among people as to... Some people suggest that...關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……

十、概括法

概括法是指對要敘述的人、事或物集中做一個概括性的介紹,然后再對其分別予以說明。例如:

1.There are four key points to study English: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Thirdly, ...學(xué)習(xí)英語有四個要點:聽、說、讀、寫。首先,…… 第二,……第三,……

2.People often say that... are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 人們常說……是世界上最有價值的東西。但我說,讀書比其他任何東西都更有價值,因為書籍給我們知識,知識給了我們力量。

3.Nowadays, it is common to... Many people like... because... Besides, ...如今,……很普遍,許多人喜歡……,因為……。另外/而且……

4. ... has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.……已成為人們關(guān)注的熱門話題,特別是在年輕人當(dāng)中,且將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。

十一、數(shù)據(jù)法

數(shù)據(jù)法是指給出一些數(shù)據(jù),然后做出概括性的分析,點明主題或引出需要論述的問題。這樣開篇可信度高,說服力強。但要注意所引述的數(shù)據(jù)或數(shù)字一定要準確,來源可靠,切不可為了說明某一問題而杜撰數(shù)據(jù)。此法主要用于說明文和議論文中。例如:

1.According to the figure / number / statistics / percentages in the chart / bar graph / line graph, it can be seen that ... Obviously, ... 根據(jù)數(shù)字/數(shù)量/數(shù)據(jù)/圖表/條形圖/線形圖的百分比可以看出……。很顯然……

2.According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once.最近的一項民意調(diào)查顯示,61%的美國高中生承認至少有一次在考試中作弊。

十二、定義法

定義法是對文章要闡述的主題先下個定義,讓讀者對其含義有準確的理解,然后通過舉例、推理等方法加以詳細說明或論述。此法常用于說明文和議論文。

1.Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, ...心理學(xué)是對思想和精神活動的研究。例如,……

2.Self?鄄confidence means the trust in one?蒺s own ability. As a very important psychological quality, it... 自信意味著對自己能力的信任。作為一種非常重要的心理素質(zhì),它……

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