◎命題趨勢
隨著英語教材的更新,情景交際題在中考試題中所占的比例越來越大。這種題型適應了現(xiàn)代外語教學高素質要求的發(fā)展需要,它可以通過創(chuàng)設一定的會話語境考查考生在較真實的語言環(huán)境中運用所學英語知識傳達信息、交流思想和表達觀點的能力。目前,由于實施大規(guī)模的口頭考查還存在一些困難,口試還沒能在中考中全面展開,所以書面筆試形式還是考查口語表達能力的首選。
從近三年的中考試題看,情景交際題的命題原則與命題思路有以下趨勢:
1.側重考查在特定的對話情景中運用日常交際用語的能力。體現(xiàn)互動性,讓考生在作答的過程中體驗到自己是交談中的角色。
2.內容上側重考查打電話、購物、看病、約會、問路、借物或還物等話題,也考查問候、介紹、告別、道謝、祝愿、請求、意愿、同意和不同意、喜歡和不喜歡等日常交際用語的掌握和運用情況。
3.考查對照上下文,捕捉關鍵詞的能力。做情景交際題時,有時候單看一句話是得不出答案的,需要再閱讀下句,甚至閱讀好幾句才有“茅塞頓開”的感覺。
4.貼近日常生活,考查利用常識進行解題的能力。命題者常在對話中考查考生是否善于觀察生活和積累生活常識,能否利用生活常識做出恰當?shù)呐袛唷?/p>
5.針對話題對話,適當采用開放性的填空形式,盡量為自主交流創(chuàng)造機會與空間。
◎題型走向
情景交際是歷年中考必考的內容,其目的是在一定的語境中考查交際用語,所涉及的題型主要包括選擇式、匹配式和填充式。
一、單項選擇式
單項選擇式的情景交際題是給出上句或下句,要求考生從所給的選項中選出正確的選項填入空白處,完成兩人的直接對話。這類題一般是用以單獨考查某個交際項目,既可以設三個選項,也可以設四個選項。例如:
根據(jù)句意,從所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇最佳答案,完成小對話。
1.—May I use your computer, Mr. Black?
— . I will use my iPad instead.
【2018·安徽中考題】
A.Go ahead B.Thank you
C.Sorry, you can?蒺t D.I?蒺m afraid not
2.—Hello, Sally! Can I see Mr. Brown?
— . I?蒺ll tell him you are here.
【2018·白銀中考題】
A.What a pity B.Just a minute
C.Congratulations D.Never mind
【參考答案】1~2 AB
二、選擇還原式
選擇還原式的情景交際題是在情景應答或對話中,抽出若干個單詞、短語或句子打亂順序后放在一個方框內,要求考生根據(jù)上下文語境及內容,將這些單詞、短語或句子重新返回原位,使該對話完整。有的試題為了干擾考生,還要在抽出的單詞、短語或句子中再摻入若干個語法正確、語言通順且內容與對話有關的多余的選項詞、句來干擾被測試者,意在測試考生的鑒別能力。例如:
(A)請根據(jù)對話內容,從下列方框中選擇適當?shù)膯卧~或短語填空,使對話內容完整正確。
■
A:Hello, I?蒺m Barry Lai, a reporter with TV News. Would you mind 1 a few questions about the events of this afternoon?
B:Not at all.
A:All right then. 2 were you when the birds landed?
B:I was shopping in Central.
A:How many birds do you think there were?
B:I?蒺d say there were about 1,000 birds in all.
A:Can you tell me what 3 looked like?
B:They were small brown and green birds.
A:And what did they do, exactly?
B:Well, they 4 and landed in Statue Square. They stayed there for about 15 minutes before flying off again.
A:How did people react?
B:Oh, everyone was amazed. Traffic stopped
5 and the police had to be called.
A:OK. Thanks very much for talking to me.
【2018·南京中考題】
(B)從A~G選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項補全對話。(選項中有兩項是多余的)
A:Excuse me, is there a bookstore around here?
B:Yes, there is. 1
A:Could you tell me where it is?
B:Certainly. Go along the street and turn right at the third turning. Then walk until you see Qiulin Shopping Mall. 2
A:You mean it?蒺s across from Qiulin Shopping Mall?
B:Exactly.
A: 3
B:One kilometer.
A: 4
B:Yes. You?蒺d better take the subway. It?蒺s fast and convenient.
A:Great! Oh, and one more thing. What time does the bookstore close?
B: 5 You?蒺d better ask for detailed information in the bookstore.
A:Thank you very much.
B:You?蒺re welcome.
【2018·哈爾濱中考題】
■
【參考答案】 (A)1.answering 2.Where 3.they
4.came down 5.completely (B)1~5 DEBAF
三、句子配對式
句子配對式情景交際題是將對話的問句與答句分成A、B兩列或將選項放到方框里,打亂其順序后,要求考生選出各個句子的正確答語。這類題型主要考查功能意念項目的基本表達形式,它屬于難度較低的題型。這類試題分為對等配對題(所給句子和備選的句數(shù)相等)和不對等配對題(備選的句子多于要配對的句子)兩種,對等配對題相對更容易些。例如:
(A)從方框中選擇合適的答語(其中有一項是多余的)。
1.Who?蒺s the boy?
2.Could you please take out rubbish?
3.How are you?
4.What?蒺s your favorite subject?
5.Let?蒺s go for a walk.
■
【2018·綏化中考題】
(B)請從 B 欄中找出與 A 欄相對應的答語。
A
1.Would you mind my opening the windows?
2.My grandma was ill in hospital yesterday.
3.May I take your order?
4.Let?蒺s go fishing this afternoon.
5.What color is your hat?
B
A.I?蒺m sorry to hear that.
B.Some rice, please.
C.You?蒺d better not, for I?蒺ve got a cold.
D.It?蒺s orange.
E.Good idea.
【2018·安順中考題】
【參考答案】(A)1~5 DACFE (B)1~5 CABED
四、填充補全式
填充補全式情景交際題是給出一段不完整的情景對話,要求考生根據(jù)對話的主題及上下文的邏輯關系,填上空缺的詞語或句子,使對話前后意思連貫、語法正確、符合英語習慣表達法。這類試題的重點不在于考查語法知識,也不是考查詞義的差別,而側重于考查語言的表達意義。考生需要整體理解對話、了解全部信息,在此基礎上填入符合情節(jié)內容的詞語或句子,做到既要達義又要形式正確。例如:
(A)根據(jù)對話內容,在每個空缺處填入一個適當?shù)脑~,使整段對話意思完整。
A:Hi, Kate. Would you like to come over to my home this weekend?
B:Yes, I?蒺d like 1 . What are you going to do together?
A:We?蒺re going to read some new books and I am going to cook fish for you.
B:Really? Can you cook fish?
A:Of course I 2 . I?蒺ve learned cooking from my father.
B: 3 long did it take you to learn it?
A:For a week. My parents have been away on business so I cook dinner by myself.
B:When 4 they come back?
A:In a week. During these days, I have to do a lot 5 things alone.
B:I?蒺m sure you will have a special experience.
A:Yes. I like trying new things.
B:So, see you then.
A:See you.
【2018·瀘州中考題】
(B)根據(jù)下面的對話情景,在每個空白處填上一個適當?shù)木渥?,使對話意思連貫完整。
A:Hi, Harry! It?蒺s great to meet you again. Where have you been so far?
B: 1 .
A:I see. What?蒺s your plan for today?
B:I?蒺m going to the book store. 2 ?
A:Oh, sorry. I went there yesterday. Do you remember Anne, our old friend at Junior High School?
B:Wait! 3 ?
A:Yes, exactly. She hasn?蒺t changed much. You know, she lives in this city now.
B:Did you meet her by coincidence?
A: 4 . At first, she was staring(盯著)at me, and I wasn?蒺t sure that she was Anne. But she called my name and finally we talked a lot about many things.
B: 5 ?
A:Yes, I did. It?蒺s 115 848 2810.
B:Let me write it down. I will call her sometime.
【2018·河南中考題】
【參考答案】(A)1.to 2.can 3.How 4.will 5.of
(B)1.I?蒺ve been to my hometown / to Europe /... 2.Will you join me / go with me /... 3.The curly hair with the dimple (酒窩) on her cheek / You mean my old deskmate /... 4.Yes (, I did) 5.Did you get her phone number / Did you ask her for the telephone number
五、提示寫句式
提示寫句式情景交際題是給出漢語情景說明或者圖片及提示單詞,要求考生根據(jù)所給的提示,寫出句子或將句子補充完整。這類題既用來考查考生對功能意念項目內容的掌握情況,也在檢驗考生的觀察與分析能力。例如:
(A)根據(jù)情景提示,完成下列各題。
1.你想要感謝對方的幫助,可以這樣說:
for your help.
2.假如你是John,有人打電話找你,你接聽時可以這樣應答:
Hello! .
3.你想知道現(xiàn)在幾點,可以這樣問:
?
4.你想進入老師的辦公室,應該這樣請求:
?
5.Tom想單獨去游泳,你可以這樣勸告他:
alone, Tom.
【2018·福建中考題】
(B)看圖寫話。
根據(jù)每小題所提供的圖畫情景和提示詞,寫出一個與圖畫情景相符的句子。
■ ■ ■
1.hair 2.now 3.last Sunday
■ ■
4.as... as, cute 5.good, help
【2018·福建中考題】
【參考答案】
(A)1.Thank you
2.This is John speaking
3.What time is it
4.May I come in
5.Don?蒺t go swimming
(B)1.She has long hair.
2.The boy is sleeping now.
3.They played chess last Sunday.
4.The dog is as cute as the cat.
5.It?蒺s good of the girl to help the old man.
◎解題策略
中考情景交際題的命題范圍可以涵蓋初中階段學過的全部功能意念項目。因此,無論解答上述哪一類題目,考生都要力爭做到如下幾點:
一、審清考題意義
在做情景交際試題時,不可急于選擇或者填寫答案。首先必須弄明白該題屬于哪種類型,然后搞清對話發(fā)生的時間、地點,以及人物的身份和對話的話題。對空白處上下文所提供的信息更要做到心中有數(shù), 以便為填寫或選擇答案做好充分的準備。
二、明確交際項目
每個交際題都是圍繞一個或幾個交際項目而進行的,如看病、問路、打電話、借東西等,只要通讀一遍對話便很容易判定出該對話的交際內容,從而快速聯(lián)想出有關的常用句型。只有在明確了交際目的的基礎上,才能準確地進行答題,從而減少盲目性。
三、分析相關信息
情景交際題是通過“你問我答”或背景提示來傳遞信息的,做題時應該仔細分析前言后語和內容場景。不僅要正確理解每個問句的答語,還必須通過分析、推理等手段來理清上下句的邏輯關系和提示內容的內涵意圖,從而判定所應選擇的答案或填入的詞語、句子。
四、注意習慣表達
同一個意思的交際用語,往往會具有多種表達方法,并且中國的風土人情及文化與英美等英語國家之間也存在著極大的差異,答題時考生必須首先弄清空白處或待寫句子符合哪一種表達方法, 然后再按照語言習俗和地域文化去選定或填寫答案。
五、重視標點暗示
在做情景交際題時,有時一個標點符號能起到明顯的提示作用,這一點很多考生都會忽視。例如:一個句號“.”可表明該句為陳述句,一個問號“?”可表明該句為疑問句,一個感嘆號“!”可表明該句為感嘆句。因此,考生在做題時,一定要留意空白或待寫句子后面的標點符號。
六、慎重確定答案
確定答案是把前幾步輸入大腦的各種信息加以綜合分析、邏輯推理、選擇判斷,再把結果輸出并反映在試卷上?!耙谎劭创钡拇鸢缚梢援敊C立斷,對“模糊不清”的答案應在整體理解對話內容或明確文字(圖片)提示之后再做決定。最后,將選擇的答案放入整個情境之中,看其內容是否具有連貫性,所寫句子是否符合英語習慣,在人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等語法方面是否存在問題,等等。