建筑設(shè)計(jì)：PTW建筑事務(wù)所+CCDI悉地國(guó)際

Architect: PTW Architects + CCDI Group

在中國(guó)的城市化語(yǔ)境中，西安是絲綢之路的起點(diǎn)，東、西文明交流的紐帶和橋梁。西安體育中心以“絲路啟航，盛世之花”為立意，力圖呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)充滿活力和時(shí)代氣息的體育中心，讓賽事體育與城市生活連接，激發(fā)西安這座城市的恒久活力。西安體育中心選址于城市具有戰(zhàn)略意義的國(guó)際港務(wù)區(qū)。在總體規(guī)劃中，經(jīng)過(guò)多次推敲和論證，建筑師認(rèn)為體育場(chǎng)定位在基地西側(cè)是最佳的選擇。體育場(chǎng)西臨灞河，如盛世之花綻放于一池碧水之中。

總平面圖延續(xù)西安九宮格的路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，縱橫交錯(cuò)的城市肌理延伸至基地內(nèi)部，為了保證灞河景觀的完整性，在向東路設(shè)置了下穿隧道，避免了與迎賓大道的交叉，外部交通經(jīng)跨河橋梁和隧道到達(dá)基地。內(nèi)部交通形成兩橫兩縱的路網(wǎng)格局。除了地面停車位，各個(gè)場(chǎng)館均設(shè)置了地下停車庫(kù)，總?cè)萘靠蛇_(dá)近9000輛，保障了賽時(shí)和平日的使用需求。

體育場(chǎng)以“盛世之花”為設(shè)計(jì)概念，建筑形態(tài)取西安市花——石榴花為立意，建筑表皮采用銀白色金屬百葉，通過(guò)有韻律的變化，表達(dá)出絲綢飄動(dòng)的質(zhì)感。屋面罩棚采用經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的鋼桁架，罩棚材質(zhì)采用金屬板和陽(yáng)光板，既能體現(xiàn)通透的效果，又能有效地遮擋陽(yáng)光?？磁_(tái)采用預(yù)制混凝土，盡可能采用裝配式和模塊化的手段，既美觀實(shí)用，又能提高效率?？磁_(tái)呈環(huán)形布置，分為三層，下層為觀眾和貴賓看臺(tái)，中層為包廂看臺(tái)，下層為普通觀眾看臺(tái)。在體育場(chǎng)南側(cè)設(shè)置了形象廣場(chǎng)，結(jié)合地鐵站，設(shè)置了下沉廣場(chǎng)。賽時(shí)，這里成為安檢和集散場(chǎng)地。賽后這里是市民活動(dòng)中心，滿足市民晨練、集會(huì)、休閑、游覽的需求。體育館東側(cè)設(shè)置籃球公園，與水系相互環(huán)繞，讓市民在鍛煉的閑暇領(lǐng)略到如詩(shī)如畫(huà)的景觀。

體育館建筑外形采用馬鞍形體，與體育場(chǎng)形成呼應(yīng)，外立面通過(guò)金屬和玻璃的虛實(shí)對(duì)比，讓小尺度的花瓣紋理與體育場(chǎng)形成對(duì)比，豐富了設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言。二層平臺(tái)采用高臺(tái)綠坡的處理方式，緩解了對(duì)環(huán)境的壓迫感。體育館臨近向東路，是基于運(yùn)營(yíng)管理和交通疏散的考量。在比賽、會(huì)展及演出期間，觀眾通過(guò)向東路和14號(hào)地鐵線到達(dá)體育館，快捷便利。游泳館和指揮中心位于柳新路，擁有獨(dú)立的城市界面，利于后期運(yùn)營(yíng)。在重要的賽時(shí)，指揮中心作為中樞大腦，負(fù)責(zé)整個(gè)體育中心的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)?！?/p>

1 總平面/Site plan

2 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

Xi'an was the starting point of the Silk Road and an ancient centre for cultural interaction between East and West. The objective of Xi'an Sports Centre intended therefore to make a new contribution to its surrounding built environment. The Xi'an government has been very active in town planning using the sports project as a major instrument to cultivate public space.

The building is situated on the Xi'an international port. After much thought and consideration, the west side of the site was the best beat for the Stadium. It is adjacent to the Weihe River, which enjoys the best orientation and views. For the integrity of the Ba River landscape, a tunnel is set down to the East Road to avoid crossing with the Yingbin Avenue. The external traffic passes through the river bridge and lead to the basement directly. The venues are equipped with underground parking garages, with a total capacity of nearly 9,000 vehicles, which ensures an efficient operation.

The gymnasium is shaped as a saddle in relation to the form of stadium. The fa?ade of the gymnasium is covered with metal and glass, contrast with the statium to enrich the design. The second floor platform adopts a green roof to enhance the environmental performance. During competitions, it is a security inspection and distribution centre for the rest of the time, it becomes a leisure centre to meet the community needs. □

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 西安市政府/Xi'an Government

總建筑面積/Floor Area: 184,896m2

體育場(chǎng)/Stadium: 占地面積82,447m2，高度54m，座席數(shù)63,000/82,447m2, 54m, 63,000seats

體育館/Gymnasium: 占地面積46,682m2，高度41m，座席數(shù)18,000/46,682m2, 41m, 18,000seats

游泳館/Natatorium: 占地面積20,740m2，高度26m，座席數(shù)4500/20,740m2, 26m, 4500 seats

網(wǎng)球館/Tennis Stadium: 占地面積23,560m2，高度41m，座席數(shù)16,000/23,560m2, 41m, 16,000seats

設(shè)計(jì)/竣工時(shí)間/Design/Completion: 2017/2020

3 主體育場(chǎng)模型/Main stadium model

4 主體育場(chǎng)內(nèi)景/Interior view of main stadium

5 體育館/Gymnasium

評(píng)論

范路：在西安體育中心項(xiàng)目中，體育場(chǎng)和體育館這兩座核心建筑，充分體現(xiàn)了文化表達(dá)、結(jié)構(gòu)理性、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用、城市空間激活的多維整合。體育場(chǎng)以西安市花——石榴花為立意，立面表皮則以水平向韻律的銀白色金屬百葉表達(dá)絲綢飄動(dòng)的質(zhì)感。體育館同樣以花為立意。其外立面上斜豎向金屬與玻璃的虛實(shí)對(duì)比，帶來(lái)小尺度的花瓣紋理，以更細(xì)膩的方式呼應(yīng)體育場(chǎng)。而這些豐富的設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言，都突顯了西安作為絲綢之路起點(diǎn)的歷史文化身份。

王楨棟：西安體育中心一場(chǎng)三館總坐席數(shù)超過(guò)了10萬(wàn)，這個(gè)規(guī)模的新建體育設(shè)施在國(guó)內(nèi)已不多見(jiàn)，因而每一次設(shè)計(jì)都格外慎重。PTW的中標(biāo)方案不僅回應(yīng)了體育設(shè)施所應(yīng)具備的文化形象，更是考慮了古城西安的國(guó)際港務(wù)區(qū)城市發(fā)展的綜合需求。城市節(jié)點(diǎn)的交通體系、灞河的景觀、運(yùn)動(dòng)空間與城市空間的界面、大型賽事之后的體育功能轉(zhuǎn)化，都被小心翼翼地裝入設(shè)計(jì)的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)之中，令人非常期待它們的最終實(shí)現(xiàn)。

6 體育館3/4剖面/3D model of gymnasium section

7 網(wǎng)球中心表皮結(jié)構(gòu)分解圖/Diagram of fa?ade structure of tennis stadium

8 網(wǎng)球中心/Tennis stadium

9 網(wǎng)球中心3/4剖面/3D model of tennis stadium section

10 主體育場(chǎng)剖面/Main stadium section

Comments

FAN Lu: In the project of Xi'an Sports Centre, the stadium and the gymnasium make a comprehensive expression of cultural meanings, structural rationalism, economical practicality, urban space activation. The stadium is designed with the conception of pomegranate blossom – the Xi'an city flower and its fa?ades are decorated with horizontal metal shutters, which is reminiscent of waving silk strips. The gymnasium is shaped in relation to the stadium forms. And its facades are covered vertically with metal and glass to contrast with the stadium for enriching the design language. In a word, the images of these two buildings emphasise Xi'an's city identity as the starting point of the historical Silk Road.

WANG Zhendong: The "one stadium and three gymnasia" of Xi'an Sports Centre are designed with over 100,000 seats in total. Since sports facilities in such size are rare in China, each design is given great attention. The bid-winning proposal of PTW Architects not only echoes the cultural image required for sports facilities, but also takes into account the comprehensive needs of the International Trade & Logistics Park of the ancient city Xi'an for urban development. The transportation system of urban nodes, the landscape of Bahe River, the interface between sports space and urban space, and the sports function transformation after major sports events are carefully integrated into the narrative structure of design, so their eventual realization is highly anticipated.

11 主體育場(chǎng)3/4剖面/3D model of main stadium section

12 主體育場(chǎng)表皮結(jié)構(gòu)分解圖/Diagram of fa?ade structure of main stadium

13 主體育場(chǎng)/Main stadium