魏平洋 夏炳江 沈欽榮 胡松峰 侯明生
[摘要] 目的 探討TNF-α椎間盤注射對大鼠軟骨終板β-catenin與Adamts-5蛋白表達(dá)的影響與意義。 方法 取SPF級12周齡SD大鼠30只,隨機(jī)分成空白對照組(A組)、假手術(shù)組(B組)、TNF-α椎間盤注射組(C組),每組10只(n=10)。C組大鼠在X線透視下穿刺椎間盤并注射TNF-α 25 μL(10 ng/μL),B組大鼠椎間盤穿刺成功后注射生理鹽水25 μL,A組大鼠椎間盤不做任何干預(yù)。術(shù)后4周采用組織病理學(xué)觀察軟骨終板退變情況,并采用Western-Blot檢測軟骨終板β-catenin與Adamts-5蛋白表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 HE染色顯示C組大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板出現(xiàn)明顯退行性改變。Western-Blot檢測顯示C組大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板β-catenin與Adamts-5表達(dá)均顯著上調(diào),與A組及B組相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 TNF-α椎間盤注射可誘發(fā)椎間盤軟骨終板退變,同時(shí)上調(diào)軟骨終板β-catenin及Adamts-5表達(dá),提示TNF-α上調(diào)β-catenin及Adamts-5表達(dá)在軟骨終板退變中可能發(fā)揮了重要作用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] TNF-α;軟骨終板;β-catenin;Adamts-5
[中圖分類號] R681.5 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2018)17-0024-04
Effect of intervertebral disc injection of TNF-α on the expression of β-catenin and Adamts-5 in cartilage endplate
WEI Pingyang1 XIA Bingjiang1,2 SHEN Qinrong1 HU Songfeng1 HOU Mingsheng1
1.Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing Hospital of TCM, Shaoxing 312000, China; 2.Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect and significance of intervertebral disc injection of TNF-α on the expression of β-catenin and Adamts-5 protein in rat cartilage endplate. Methods 30 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into blank control group(group A), sham operation group(group B) and TNF-α intervertebral disc injection group(group C), with 10 rats in each group. The rats in group C were given intervertebral disc puncture under X-ray and injected with TNF-α of 25 μL(10 ng/μL). Rats in group B were injected with normal saline of 25 μL after successful intervertebral disc puncture. Rats in group A were not given any intervention on intervertebral disc. Four weeks after operation, histopathology was used to observe the degeneration of cartilage endplate. The expression of β-catenin and Adamts-5 proteins in cartilage endplate was detected by Western-Blot. Results HE staining showed obvious degenerative changes of intervertebral cartilage endplate in the rats in group C. The results of Western-Blot showed that the expressions of β-catenin and Adamts-5 in the cartilage endplate in group C were significantly increased compared with those in group A and B, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Intervertebral disc injection of TNF-α can induce degeneration of intervertebral disc cartilage endplate, and at the same time, the expression of β-catenin and Adamts-5 in cartilage endplate is up-regulated, indicating that up-regulation of β-catenin and Adamts-5 expression by TNF-α may play an important role in the degeneration of cartilage endplate.
[Key words] TNF-α; Cartilage endplate; β-catenin; Adamts-5
作為椎間盤營養(yǎng)供應(yīng)的主要途徑,軟骨終板對椎間盤的營養(yǎng)供應(yīng)和形態(tài)維持均具有重要作用[1]。Wnt/β-catenin信號通路在軟骨退變、抑制軟骨分化與修復(fù)、抑制軟骨細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成中均發(fā)揮重要作用[2]。研究表明Wnt/β-catenin信號通路可通過上調(diào)Ⅰ型血小板結(jié)合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白樣金屬蛋白酶(a disintesrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type Ⅰ motifs,Adamts)-5而誘發(fā)椎間盤退變[3]。Adamts-5是軟骨基質(zhì)蛋白聚糖(Aggrecan)的主要降解酶,蛋白聚糖對軟骨抗壓力和張力等物理屬性起著重要的作用。TNF-α作為一種炎癥因子,在椎間盤退變中的作用越來越受到重視。本研究擬觀察TNF-α椎間盤注射對大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板Wnt/β-catenin信號通路關(guān)鍵基因β-catenin及下游基因Adamts-5表達(dá)的影響。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動物及分組
健康雄性SPF級SD大鼠30只,12周齡,體重200~250 g,由浙江中醫(yī)藥實(shí)驗(yàn)動物中心提供(實(shí)驗(yàn)動物號:SYXK-浙-2008-0115)。分籠飼養(yǎng),安靜環(huán)境,室溫22℃。采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)法將大鼠分成空白對照組(A組)、假手術(shù)組(B組)、TNF-α椎間盤注射組(C組),每組10只大鼠(n=10)。
1.2 干預(yù)措施
C組大鼠在腹腔注射10%水合氯醛(3 mL/100 g)麻醉后,在X線透視下利用0.06 mm穿刺針刺入尾椎5/6椎間盤(Co5/6),利用微量注射器向椎間盤內(nèi)注射TNF-α 25 μL(10 ng/μL),B組大鼠在麻醉后行Co5/6椎間盤穿刺注射生理鹽水25 μL,A組大鼠只進(jìn)行腹腔注射麻醉,不對椎間盤進(jìn)行任何干預(yù)處理。術(shù)后正常飼養(yǎng),自由飲水、進(jìn)食。大鼠術(shù)后常規(guī)青霉素肌肉注射20萬單位,每日1次,持續(xù)3 d。
1.3 檢測指標(biāo)
術(shù)后4周,切取大鼠Co5/6椎間盤軟骨終板,采用組織病理學(xué)觀察椎間盤軟骨終板退變情況,采用Western-Blot檢測β-catenin與Adamts-5蛋白表達(dá)。
1.3.1 組織病理學(xué) 將取下的Co5/6椎間盤上下軟骨終板,利用4%多聚甲醛固定48 h后,EDTA脫鈣液脫鈣4周,常規(guī)脫水、石蠟包埋、連續(xù)切片,HE染色。光鏡下觀察椎間盤軟骨終板組織形態(tài)學(xué)改變。
1.3.2 Western-Blot 利用液氮快速將取下的Co5/6椎間盤軟骨終板研磨后加入RIPA蛋白裂解液提取蛋白,利用BCA方法進(jìn)行蛋白濃度鑒定。加入5×loading buffer,100℃,5 min變性。每孔按50 μg上樣,經(jīng)10% SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳分離后,將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF膜上,室溫下5%脫脂奶粉封閉1 h,加入一抗β-actin(1:1000)、β-catenin(1:500)及Adamts-5(1:1000),4℃冰箱孵育過夜,PBS洗膜3次,10 min/次,加入對應(yīng)的辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的二抗(1:3000),室溫孵育1 h,PBS洗膜3次,10 min/次,采用ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光法顯色,計(jì)算目的蛋白條帶灰度值,并與內(nèi)參蛋白β-actin條帶灰度值比較,計(jì)算比值。見封三圖2。
1.4觀察指標(biāo)
對軟骨終板退變情況給予組織病理學(xué)觀察,并采用Western-Blot檢測軟骨終板β-catenin與Adamts-5蛋白表達(dá)。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 18.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 HE染色結(jié)果
A組大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板軟骨細(xì)胞排列規(guī)則,血管芽豐富。C組大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板變薄,鈣化,軟骨細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,排列紊亂,軟骨終板和髓核之間的過渡區(qū)出現(xiàn)小軟骨細(xì)胞,血管芽數(shù)目減少。B組大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板亦出現(xiàn)退變表現(xiàn),但程度較C組大鼠明顯減輕。見封三圖3。
2.2 三組β-catenin與Adamts-5蛋白表達(dá)
Western-Blot結(jié)果顯示C組大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板中β-catenin與Adamts-5蛋白含量明顯增加,與A組及B組相比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與A組大鼠相比,B組大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板β-catenin與Adamts-5蛋白量亦出現(xiàn)增高(P<0.05),但較C組大鼠低(P<0.05)。
3討論
椎間盤退變(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)及其相關(guān)的脊柱疾病有很高的發(fā)病率,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)[4],約80%的人在其一生中會因IDD相關(guān)疾病而就診。據(jù)報(bào)道,在美國等西方國家腰腿痛所致的年經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)保守估計(jì)已達(dá)196億美元[5]。隨著中國人口老齡化,這一問題也逐漸突出,相應(yīng)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用呈逐年上升趨勢,給患者和社會造成沉重的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān),一直是骨傷科醫(yī)師所面臨的最困難的挑戰(zhàn)之一。椎間盤軟骨終板(cartilage endplate,CEP)作為椎間盤的主要營養(yǎng)途徑,對椎間盤的營養(yǎng)供應(yīng)以及力學(xué)性能維持都具有十分重要的作用,CEP退變是IDD的始動因素。
目前,TNF-α作為一種具有多種生物學(xué)效應(yīng)的細(xì)胞因子,在CEP退變發(fā)生中的作用越來越受到重視。大量文獻(xiàn)證實(shí),退變CEP中TNF-α的表達(dá)明顯增高。如劉斌等[6]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著CEP退變加劇,其TNF-α含量亦隨之增加,提示TNF-α表達(dá)與CEP退變呈正相關(guān)。葉偉等[7]通過體外細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)一定濃度的TNF-α可抑制CEP細(xì)胞增殖與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的合成,促進(jìn)CEP細(xì)胞促凋亡因子的生成,從而加速CEP退變的發(fā)生。Chen等[8]發(fā)現(xiàn)TNF-α可通過激活核因子κ-B途徑來促進(jìn)CEP細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)降解。此外,有臨床研究表明TNF-α在腰腿痛癥狀發(fā)生中起重要作用,特別是在腰椎終板出現(xiàn)Modic改變的腰椎間盤突出癥患者[9]。由此可見,TNF-α表達(dá)異常增高是CEP退變的重要病理生理學(xué)特征。本研究采用外源性TNF-α椎間盤注射成功誘導(dǎo)大鼠椎間盤軟骨終板出現(xiàn)退變,直觀的驗(yàn)證了TNF-α在CEP退變中作用。
但目前認(rèn)為,TNF-α介導(dǎo)各種蛋白酶表達(dá)升高,引起細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)降解,在CEP退變中起著關(guān)鍵性作用。如Seguin等[10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),TNF-α可通過上調(diào)基質(zhì)降解酶表達(dá)而促進(jìn)椎間盤細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)丟失、蛋白聚糖降解,進(jìn)而誘發(fā)椎間盤退變。Adamts-5是目前公認(rèn)的最重要的聚蛋白聚糖酶,在降解軟骨聚蛋白聚糖的過程中起重要作用[11-16]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在TNF-α誘導(dǎo)的椎間盤退變CEP中Adamts-5表達(dá)上調(diào),提示TNF-α可上調(diào)Adamts-5的表達(dá),促使CEP細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)降解,可能在CEP退變發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。
此外,本研究亦同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)在TNF-α誘導(dǎo)的椎間盤退變CEP中β-catenin蛋白表達(dá)增高。目前,已有大量研究表明Wnt/β-catenin信號通路對椎間盤退變的發(fā)生發(fā)展具有重要調(diào)控作用。如Gao SG等[17]對β-catenin基因條件性過表達(dá)小鼠(cAct)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠椎體有大量骨贅形成,椎間盤細(xì)胞與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)出現(xiàn)明顯退變表現(xiàn)。學(xué)者Chen J、Saito T[18-19]發(fā)現(xiàn)激活β-catenin信號,能上調(diào)椎間盤組織Adamts-5的表達(dá),而蛋白聚糖和Ⅱ型膠原合成下降。Mori Y等[20]認(rèn)為Wnt/β-catenin通路對椎間盤細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)合成的負(fù)調(diào)控作用可能部分是通過激活下游靶基因Adamts-5表達(dá)所介導(dǎo)的。結(jié)合本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果,認(rèn)為TNF-α可能介導(dǎo)Wnt/β-catenin信號通路上調(diào)Adamts-5的表達(dá),后者通過降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),從而參與椎間盤CEP退變的病理過程,但具體機(jī)制有待于進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
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(收稿日期:2018-01-26)