23.9~27.9kg/"/>
王家雄 沈麗燕 王瑋
[摘要] 目的 探究夫妻雙方的體重對輔助生殖結(jié)局的影響。 方法 回顧性分析2008年8月~2015年10月來南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬蘇州醫(yī)院生殖與遺傳中心接受治療的1223例患者,根據(jù)體重指數(shù)(BMI)進(jìn)行篩選分組,根據(jù)BMI將患者分為3組:正常組(18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、超重組(>23.9~27.9 kg/m2)和肥胖組(>27.9 kg/m2)。分析患者BMI與其新鮮體外受精(IVF)周期相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 經(jīng)過篩選女性BMI分組中最終納入537例患者,正常組433例,超重組79例,肥胖組25例;男性BMI分組中最終納入805例患者,其中正常組369例,超重組299例,肥胖組137例。女性BMI分組中各組年齡、女性血清基礎(chǔ)卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平、雌二醇(E2)水平、黃體生成素(LH)水平、BMI、促性腺激素(Gn)持續(xù)時間、男性精子濃度、活力和正常形態(tài)學(xué)精子率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);超重組及肥胖組Gn劑量均高于正常體重組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);男性BMI分組中,各組年齡、女性血清基礎(chǔ)FSH水平、E2水平、LH水平、BMI、Gn劑量、Gn持續(xù)時間、男性精子濃度、活力和正常形態(tài)學(xué)精子率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);男性肥胖組的受精率、種植率和妊娠率顯著低于其他兩組,而流產(chǎn)率顯著高于正常組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 男性BMI增加及IVF結(jié)局可能與精子DNA損傷或精子和卵母細(xì)胞間相互作用差有關(guān),提示參與IVF治療的夫婦,尤其是男方,需要維持適當(dāng)?shù)捏w重,以降低IVF結(jié)局不良的風(fēng)險。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 不育;超重;肥胖;體外受精;結(jié)局
[中圖分類號] R698.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2018)07(b)-0067-04
Impact of couples′ body mass index on the in vitro fertilization outcomes
WANG Jiaxiong SHEN Liyan WANG Wei LI Hong
Center for Reproduction and Genetics, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou 215002, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the impact of the weight of both husband and wife on assisted reproductive outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing treatment at the Center for Reproduction and Genetics of the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2008 to October 2015 was conducted. A total of 1223 fresh in vitro fertilization(IVF) cycles were collected and grouped according to body mass index (BMI), they were divided into 3 groups: normal group (BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), overweight group (BMI >23.9-27.9 kg/m2), and obese group (BMI >27.9 kg/m2). An analysis of the correlation between BMI and IVF was conducted. Results After screening 537 patients were finally included in female BMI group: 433 cases in the normal group, 79 cases in the overweight group and 25 cases in the obese group. 805 patients were eventually included in the male BMI group: 369 cases in the normal group, 299 cases in the overweight group and 137 cases in the obese group. In female BMI group, the age, levels of FSH, E2, LH in female serum, BMI, duration of Gn, the concentration, vitality of male sperm and normal morphology sperm rate were compared among each group, and there was no statistically difference (P > 0.05). The dose of Gn in overweight group and obese group was higher than that in the normal weight group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In male BMI group, the age, basic levels of FSH, E2 and LH in female serum, BMI, dose and duration of Gn, the concentration, vitality of male sperm and normal morphology sperm rate were compared among each group, and there was no statistically difference (P > 0.05). The fertility rate, implantation rate and pregnancy rate of the male obesity group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups, while the abortion rate was significantly higher than that of the normal group, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion The correlation between increased male BMI and poor IVF outcome might be due to the sperm DNA damage or poor sperm-oocyte interactions, suggesting that couples involved in IVF therapy, especially men, need to maintain an appropriate body weight to reduce poor IVF outcomes risk.
[Key words] Infertility; Overweight; Obesity; IVF outcome
超重和肥胖已經(jīng)迅速成為世界許多地區(qū)的主要公共衛(wèi)生問題[1]。在中國,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,高脂飲食、缺乏體育鍛煉等健康問題隨之而來,所有這些不良習(xí)慣都會導(dǎo)致超重和肥胖。不幸的是,許多研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)超重和肥胖人群中不育的患病率增加[2-3]。盡管輔助生殖技術(shù)(assisted reproductive technology,ART)能夠幫助不孕夫婦成功孕育下一代,但較差的ART結(jié)局與高體重指數(shù)(BMI)之間的關(guān)系也越來越多的被報道[4]。與此同時,也有相當(dāng)多的研究者質(zhì)疑這些研究結(jié)果[5-6],而關(guān)于中國夫婦體重與ART結(jié)局關(guān)系的研究還很有限。
男性因素在輔助生殖中的作用報道相對女性因素少,近年來,對男性BMI的研究才逐漸出現(xiàn)。據(jù)報道男性BMI對精液質(zhì)量有一定影響,如精子活力[7]、濃度[8]。在男性生育力和肥胖的回顧性多機(jī)構(gòu)隊(duì)列研究中,血清激素和精液參數(shù)與BMI顯著相關(guān),可能是肥胖男性不育的原因[9]。此外,BMI升高與線粒體活性和前向運(yùn)動精子百分率降低,以及DNA碎片化增加有關(guān)[10]。與大多數(shù)科學(xué)研究類似,這些結(jié)論仍然存在爭議[11-12]。因此,本研究的主要目的是利用本中心前期收集的臨床數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查男性和女性BMI對體外受精(IVF)結(jié)果的影響。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
回顧性分析2008年8月~2015年10月來南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬蘇州醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)生殖與遺傳中心接受治療的患者,共1223例新鮮IVF周期,在普通體檢中測量患者的身高和體重,并計算BMI。根據(jù)BMI將患者分為3組:正常組(18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、超重組(>23.9~27.9 kg/m2)和肥胖組(>27.9 kg/m2)[13]。為了減少其他因素對IVF結(jié)局的影響,研究者用以下幾個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對患者進(jìn)行篩查:①年齡<35歲;②無不良習(xí)慣,如吸煙或嗜酒;③患者的染色體分析結(jié)果正常;④不孕不是由遺傳因素或自身內(nèi)分泌因素引起的;⑤患者配偶的BMI正常。⑥對于男性患者,精液參數(shù)必須通過密度梯度離心優(yōu)化達(dá)到IVF的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。⑦對于女性患者,確保她們有無盆腔手術(shù)史。本次研究經(jīng)過我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),所有納入研究對象均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 精液分析
男性患者禁欲2~7 d后采集精液標(biāo)本,37℃液化60 min后進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織指南提出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法使用計算機(jī)輔助精液分析系統(tǒng)(Beion S3精子質(zhì)量分析儀,上海北昂)進(jìn)行精液參數(shù)評估,根據(jù)WHO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評估精子形態(tài)[14]。
1.3 體外受精和胚胎移植
精液樣品通過用提優(yōu)化劑盒(Irvine Scientific,Santa Ana,USA)密度梯度離心進(jìn)行優(yōu)化后,將濃度調(diào)整為20×106 /mL。女性患者均接受控制性超排卵治療。使用促性腺激素釋放激素激動劑(GnRHa)(Diphereline,IPSEN,Dreux,F(xiàn)rance),促性腺激素(Gn)(Gonal-f,MerckSerono,Darmstadt,Germany)和人絨毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)(Ovidrel,MerckSerono,Darmstadt,Germany)。取卵后3~4 h,將卵母細(xì)胞加入到培養(yǎng)基中并用優(yōu)化的精子授精。在二氧化碳培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)16~19 h后,除去卵母細(xì)胞周圍的顆粒細(xì)胞并檢查受精,并在72 h后轉(zhuǎn)移胚胎。根據(jù)卵裂球的形狀、大小、空間分布和細(xì)胞質(zhì)的均勻分布對胚胎進(jìn)行評分。仔細(xì)記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù),然后計算受精率(受精率=受精卵數(shù)/獲得的卵細(xì)胞總數(shù)×100%),卵裂率(卵裂率=卵裂數(shù)/受精卵數(shù)×100%)和優(yōu)質(zhì)胚胎率(優(yōu)質(zhì)胚胎率高質(zhì)量胚胎數(shù)/卵裂數(shù)受精率)。當(dāng)受精后第2天胚胎細(xì)胞數(shù)為4,第3天胚胎細(xì)胞數(shù)為7~9時,細(xì)胞碎片和細(xì)胞質(zhì)均勻分布得分≤2分,定義這種胚胎作為高質(zhì)量的胚胎。移植后14 d測定女性患者血HCG和尿HCG。陽性結(jié)果的患者為生化妊娠。移植4~6周后超聲檢查確定臨床妊娠。然后計算臨床妊娠率(妊娠率=妊娠次數(shù)/移植周期數(shù)×100%)。研究者隨訪妊娠結(jié)局,獲得種植率(獲得種植率=胎兒數(shù)/移植胚胎數(shù)×100%)和流產(chǎn)率(流產(chǎn)率=早期流產(chǎn)次數(shù)/妊娠次數(shù)×100%)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),不符合正態(tài)分布者轉(zhuǎn)換為正態(tài)分布后行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析;計數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 女性體重指數(shù)和體外受精結(jié)局
2.1.1 一般情況 本研究最終納入537例患者,其中正常組433例,超重組79例,肥胖組25例。各組年齡、女性血清基礎(chǔ)卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平、雌二醇(E2)水平、黃體生成素(LH)水平、BMI、Gn持續(xù)時間、男性精子濃度、活力和正常形態(tài)學(xué)精子率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);超重組及肥胖組Gn劑量均高于正常體重組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.1.2 IVF結(jié)局 肥胖組的受精率、卵裂率和優(yōu)質(zhì)胚胎率的IVF結(jié)果雖然低于其他兩組,但差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。
2.2 男性體重指數(shù)和體外受精結(jié)局
2.2.1一般情況 本研究最終納入805例患者,其中正常組369例,超重組299例,肥胖組137例。各組年齡、女性血清基礎(chǔ)FSH水平、E2水平、LH水平、BMI、Gn劑量、Gn持續(xù)時間、男性精子濃度、活力和正常形態(tài)學(xué)精子率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表3。
2.2.2 IVF結(jié)局 男性肥胖組的受精率、種植率和妊娠率顯著低于其他兩組,而流產(chǎn)率顯著高于正常組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表4。
3 討論
有證據(jù)表明肥胖與慢性疾病風(fēng)險增加之間存在相關(guān)性,如癌癥、高血壓、哮喘、中風(fēng)等[15]。然而,體重增加對妊娠結(jié)局,尤其是輔助生殖的結(jié)局的影響仍然存在爭議。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)男性BMI對妊娠結(jié)局有負(fù)面影響,而體外受精結(jié)果似乎與女性BMI沒有顯著關(guān)系。
近來越來越多的報道顯示男性BMI與精子質(zhì)量無相關(guān)性[16],而本文的研究結(jié)果與其類似。因此,關(guān)于男性BMI對精液質(zhì)量影響的結(jié)論仍不確定。有一個假設(shè)是體重增加對精子DNA完整性產(chǎn)生了影響,而精子DNA損傷的負(fù)面影響可能導(dǎo)致生育的嚴(yán)重后果[17]。Bakos等[18]的研究提示男性肥胖影響精子功能可能是由于精子氧化應(yīng)激水平升高和精子DNA損傷水平升高導(dǎo)致。本研究提出的另一個假設(shè)是男性BMI增加可能影響精卵之間的相互作用。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)男性BMI與頂體反應(yīng)受損有關(guān)[19]。此外,肥胖人群經(jīng)常通過高脂肪飲食攝入過量的膽固醇,膽固醇被濃縮在脂筏中,而在精子中,脂筏存在于精子細(xì)胞膜的頂體區(qū)域,在那里它們介導(dǎo)重塑細(xì)胞膜的過程,這一過程與精子獲能和結(jié)合透明帶密切相關(guān)[20]。
許多報道闡述了女性BMI增加會負(fù)面影響新鮮周期的妊娠結(jié)局[21],同時也有研究認(rèn)為女性肥胖對IVF治療的臨床療效影響不大[22]。在本研究中,結(jié)果更傾向于后者,值得注意的是,增加的女性BMI與IVF過程中使用的總Gn劑量負(fù)相關(guān)。Crosignani等[23]也發(fā)現(xiàn)Gn劑量與女性BMI顯著相關(guān),這與本研究結(jié)果是一致的。一些報道顯示,接受IVF治療的肥胖婦女對控制性卵巢刺激的卵巢反應(yīng)較低[24]。研究者認(rèn)為肥胖婦女的卵巢反應(yīng)較差是造成體外受精過程中總Gn劑量增加的原因。
綜上所述,本次研究提示增加男性BMI與不良IVF結(jié)果之間可能存在關(guān)系。如本研究所示,參與IVF治療的肥胖夫婦可能面臨受精失敗或早期流產(chǎn)的問題,研究者建議這些夫婦保持正常體重以使其生殖潛能最大化并減少不好的結(jié)局的可能性。本次研究的局限性在于臨床資料不夠全面,不足以解釋為什么男性BMI只影響精子參數(shù)變化的IVF結(jié)果,這還需要進(jìn)一步的研究來確定肥胖個體的體重減輕是否會導(dǎo)致IVF結(jié)果的改善。
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(收稿日期:2018-03-06 本文編輯:任 念)