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桑腸桿菌菌株的富硒特性及其噴施對玉米籽粒的硒素強(qiáng)化

2018-09-03 01:57尹佳茗袁紅莉譚偉明
農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報 2018年17期
關(guān)鍵詞:中硒菌體菌劑

喬 虹,尹佳茗,姜 峰,袁紅莉,譚偉明

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桑腸桿菌菌株的富硒特性及其噴施對玉米籽粒的硒素強(qiáng)化

喬 虹1,尹佳茗1,姜 峰1,袁紅莉2,譚偉明1※

(1. 中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,北京 100093;2.中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生物學(xué)院,北京 100093)

硒是人體必需微量元素之一,對新陳代謝過程有十分重要的促進(jìn)作用,通過生物強(qiáng)化措施可以增加人體對硒素的補(bǔ)充。該研究利用從植物內(nèi)生菌中篩選出的一株具有將無機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化成生物利用率更高的有機(jī)硒的菌株IX+2 2,測定其16S rRNA基因序列,鑒定該菌株為桑腸桿菌 ()。該文研究不同的硒含量、加硒時間與不同培養(yǎng)收集時間對菌株IX+2 2硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響。結(jié)果表明,培養(yǎng)基中硒含量越高,菌株IX+2 2胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量越高,硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率越高,但達(dá)到某一個峰值后又開始下降;在對數(shù)生長期加硒有利于菌株IX+2 2的生長和對無機(jī)硒的轉(zhuǎn)化;菌株培養(yǎng)24 h時收集硒素轉(zhuǎn)化效果最好,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)菌體生長減弱。同時針對菌株對玉米籽粒富硒的強(qiáng)化效應(yīng)做了進(jìn)一步驗證。該菌株對玉米籽粒富硒的強(qiáng)化作用表明:同等亞硒酸鈉用量條件下,亞硒酸鈉噴施處理后玉米籽粒中硒含量達(dá)到228.58g/kg,而富硒微生物菌劑處理后籽粒中硒含量達(dá)到378.89g/kg,是前者的1.66倍,富硒IX+2 2菌劑的富硒效果優(yōu)于噴施亞硒酸鈉溶液。該研究結(jié)果可為玉米籽粒的硒素強(qiáng)化提供理論支撐。

菌;硒;作物;菌株鑒定;富硒特性;硒素強(qiáng)化效應(yīng)

0 引 言

硒是人類,動物和微生物的重要微量元素。在人體內(nèi)主要以有機(jī)硒的形式存在,包括硒代氨基酸、硒蛋白、甲基硒、硒多糖、核酸硒等多種形式[1-2]。體內(nèi)的有機(jī)硒能夠清除自由基、抗氧化、增強(qiáng)人體免疫力及抗癌等作用[3-7]。人體自身無法合成硒,必須通過飲食從外部攝入,然而我國超過72%的地區(qū)缺硒嚴(yán)重,主要作物中的含硒量無法滿足人類對硒的參考攝入量[8]。因此,富硒食品受到了廣泛的關(guān)注[9]。

硒在動植物體內(nèi)的抗氧化反應(yīng)中有重要的作用[10]。在適當(dāng)濃度下,硒可以改善抗氧化酶的活性,如過氧化氫酶,超氧化物歧化酶和過氧化物酶等,從而減輕植物葉綠體中的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)[11-14]。另外,作物可以利用硒肥促進(jìn)其生長。外源施硒能促進(jìn)多種植物的光合色素含量,如:高粱、大麥、酢漿草和萵苣等[15-18]。同時,增施硒肥能有效促進(jìn)小麥、馬鈴薯等作物產(chǎn)量的增加[19-20]。

在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,通過土壤施硒、硒拌種、葉面噴施硒肥等方法是改善作物中硒含量的解決方案之一[21]。土壤施硒肥不易操作,易過量而導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染;硒拌種與葉面噴施硒肥更簡單實用。然而,無機(jī)硒具有高毒性,吸收后容易在人體內(nèi)積累[22]。另一方面微生物與硒的生化循環(huán)有著重要的聯(lián)系,微生物能夠改變硒的存在形式、增加硒的揮發(fā)作用、維持硒的循環(huán)。因此,利用微生物將毒性大的無機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化為生物利用率更高的有機(jī)硒,是安全且高效的生物富硒途徑,也受到了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的普遍重視。徐巧林等[23]對微生物富硒現(xiàn)狀研究表明細(xì)菌對硒元素有較強(qiáng)的富集作用,可將無機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)硒。徐春蘭[24]對產(chǎn)硒多糖菌種篩選和鑒定發(fā)現(xiàn),Z0206菌株隨著培養(yǎng)基中無機(jī)硒濃度的增加,菌體逐漸變紅,經(jīng)鑒定為腸桿菌屬。Pieniz等[25]對腸球菌轉(zhuǎn)化無機(jī)硒的功能進(jìn)行了分析,隨著培養(yǎng)基中無機(jī)硒濃度的增加,硒的生物富集增加并且在24 h后達(dá)到了240 mg/L。劉波[26]對富硒納豆芽孢桿菌的選育試驗得出,利用納豆芽孢桿菌將無機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)硒后,進(jìn)行富硒納豆的發(fā)酵,有助于人體對硒的攝取。宋照軍[27]對乳酸菌富硒技術(shù)進(jìn)行了初步研究,通過探討多種乳酸菌富硒能力,以尋求獲得富硒能力優(yōu)良的乳酸菌菌株和富硒條件,以進(jìn)一步研究開發(fā)富硒活性乳酸菌功能食品,維持人類健康。本研究利用從植物內(nèi)生菌中分離篩選得到的一株具有將無機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化成有機(jī)硒的菌株IX+2 2,探究培養(yǎng)基中硒含量、亞硒酸鈉添加時間、培養(yǎng)時間等因素對其硒素轉(zhuǎn)化效率的影響,并就菌株對玉米籽粒富硒強(qiáng)化效應(yīng)做了進(jìn)一步的驗證,為建立安全、高效的富硒谷物生產(chǎn)技術(shù)提供依據(jù),具備廣泛的實用性。

1 材料與方法

1.1 供試菌株與材料

供試菌株:桑腸桿菌IX+2 2,菌株培養(yǎng)于牛肉膏蛋白胨固體培養(yǎng)基中。

供試玉米品種:鄭單958,于中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)吳橋?qū)嶒炚荆?7°41′N,116°37′E)進(jìn)行田間試驗。實驗站土壤硒含量為54.14g/kg,屬于貧硒土壤。

菌株種子液的制備:將活化的菌株IX+2 2挑取單菌落接種于已滅菌100 mL牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中,于28 ℃、160 r/min振蕩培養(yǎng)24 h備用。

亞硒酸鈉母液的制備:將亞硒酸鈉配制成100 g/L的溶液后過已滅菌0.22m膜,4 ℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>

1.2 富硒菌株的篩選及鑒定

1.2.1 富硒菌株的篩選

從植物材料中分離到有硒素轉(zhuǎn)化能力的內(nèi)生菌株;經(jīng)復(fù)篩后,IX+2 2菌株對無機(jī)硒有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)化作用,確定該菌株為下一步試驗菌株。

1.2.2 富硒菌株的16S rRNA基因序列分析及系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹構(gòu)建

細(xì)菌總DNA制備采用水煮法[28]:用無菌槍頭挑取少量單菌落菌體重懸于20L無菌ddH2O中,100 ℃水浴10 min,立即于冰上靜置,之后于4 ℃、12 000 r/min條件下離心5 min,置于冰上,取1L上清液作為DNA模板。陰性對照以同體積無菌ddH2O為模板,在相同條件下進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增。PCR擴(kuò)增采用的引物為通用引物27F:5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′和1492R:5′-TACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′。

16S rRNA基因的PCR擴(kuò)增程序為:94 ℃預(yù)變性5 min;94 ℃變性45 s、58 ℃復(fù)性45 s、72 ℃延伸2 min,30個循環(huán);72 ℃末端延伸10 min,擴(kuò)增結(jié)束后,對PCR產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行瓊脂糖凝膠電泳。由北京華大怡和生物科技有限公司進(jìn)行序列測定,將獲得的測序結(jié)果在GenBank上進(jìn)行BLAST比對分析,并利用PHYLIP鄰位相連法構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹。

1.2.3 IX+2 2菌株的富硒能力

將1 mL菌株種子液加入亞硒酸鈉濃度分別為0、40、90、120、200、300、400g/L的牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中,28 ℃振蕩培養(yǎng)24 h,收集菌體,檢測胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量。以不含硒的培養(yǎng)基為對照。

1.3 樣品硒含量的測定

IX+2 2菌體細(xì)胞內(nèi)總硒含量測定:將收集的IX+2 2菌體破碎后加入10 mL高氯酸與硝酸的混合酸(體積分?jǐn)?shù)1:4),冷消化一定時間后再于電熱板上加熱,直至液體體積剩余2 mL,冷卻,加入5 mL鹽酸,繼續(xù)加熱至溶液變清亮,冷卻,將其定容至50 mL容量瓶中,充分震蕩混勻。利用AFS-920雙道原子熒光光度計以及100 mg/L亞硒酸鈉標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液逐級稀釋的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,計算總硒含量。

無機(jī)硒含量測定參照GB1903.21-2016:將收集的IX+2 2菌體破碎后,置于50 mL容量瓶中,加水定容后搖勻。將定容后的溶液5 000 r/min離心10 min,吸取10 mL試樣消化液,加入鹽酸2 mL、鐵氰化鉀溶液1 mL,混勻。利用AFS-920雙道原子熒光光度計,測定菌體胞內(nèi)無機(jī)硒含量。

有機(jī)硒含量利用差減法,計算出菌株胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒的含量。

有機(jī)硒含量=總硒含量-無機(jī)硒含量 (1)

1.4 菌株IX+2 2硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率影響因素分析

1.4.1 培養(yǎng)基中硒含量對硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響

將1 mL IX+2 2菌株種子液接入到硒含量分別為0、20、30、45、60、75、100、150、200、250g/L的牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中,在28 ℃,160 r/min振蕩培養(yǎng)24 h,測定培養(yǎng)液OD600,離心收集菌體,檢測胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量每個處理設(shè)3個重復(fù),計算平均值,研究硒含量對硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響。

1.4.2 亞硒酸鈉添加時間對硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響

將1 mL IX+2 2種子液接入牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中,分別在菌體培養(yǎng)0、3、6、9、12 h加入一定量的亞硒酸鈉母液,使培養(yǎng)基中硒含量為75g/L,于28 ℃、160 r/min振蕩培養(yǎng)24 h后,測定培養(yǎng)液OD600,離心收集菌體,檢測胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量。

1.4.3 培養(yǎng)時間對硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響

將1 mL IX+2 2菌株種子液接入硒含量為75g/L的牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中,分別在培養(yǎng)12、24、36、48 h時收集菌體,測定培養(yǎng)液OD600,離心收集菌體,檢測胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量。

1.5 IX+2 2對玉米富硒的強(qiáng)化效應(yīng)研究

于中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)吳橋?qū)嶒炚具M(jìn)行。播種時間為2014年5月1日,收獲時間為2014年9月29日。具體試驗步驟如下:

施用方法:將IX+2 2菌株種子液接入亞硒酸鈉濃度為400g/L的牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中,于28 ℃,160 r/min震蕩培養(yǎng)24 h后,制備成IX+2 2菌株菌劑,于玉米拔節(jié)期葉面噴施。硒礦粉于播種前施入土壤中。亞硒酸鈉配制成溶液后,于玉米拔節(jié)期葉面噴施。

試驗設(shè)計:在總結(jié)前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,田間試驗設(shè)5個處理,分別為CK;A1:硒礦粉75 g/m2;B1:亞硒酸鈉10 mg/m2;C1:富硒IX+2 2菌劑3.3 mg/m2(培養(yǎng)基中亞硒酸鈉用量5 mg);C2:富硒IX+2 2菌劑10 mg/m2(培養(yǎng)基中亞硒酸鈉用量10 mg)。采用完全隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計,每個處理小區(qū)15 m2,重復(fù)4次,每小區(qū)噴施500 mL。玉米成熟后,取風(fēng)干籽粒磨碎成粉末,按照1.3節(jié)測定籽粒硒含量。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 IX+2 2菌株鑒定

對IX+2 2菌株16S rRNA基因PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測,結(jié)果顯示陰性對照未出現(xiàn)任何條帶,表明整個PCR操作過程中未有外源DNA污染(圖1)。

圖1 菌株IX+2 2 16S rRNA基因PCR擴(kuò)增瓊脂糖凝膠電泳圖

16S rRNA基因PCR擴(kuò)增的片段長度為1 500 bp,在GenBank數(shù)據(jù)庫的BLAST比對結(jié)果顯示,其與菌株桑腸桿菌(GL890774)的16S rRNA基因序列同源性達(dá)99.45%。對測得的基因型序列進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析(圖2)。發(fā)現(xiàn),菌株IX+2 2與腸桿菌屬()聚到了一個簇,親緣關(guān)系相近。確定菌株為腸桿菌屬()。表1為IX+2 2菌株16S rRNA基因片段BLAST比對結(jié)果。

圖2 菌株IX+2 2 16S rRNA基因的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹

表1 IX+2 2菌株16S rRNA基因片段BLAST比對結(jié)果

2.2 菌株IX+2 2富硒能力研究

將菌株種子液加到不同亞硒酸鈉濃度的牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)24 h后,對菌株的生長量和胞內(nèi)硒含量進(jìn)行測定后發(fā)現(xiàn)(圖3),菌株IX+2 2富硒能力隨亞硒酸鈉濃度的增加呈上升趨勢,在硒濃度低于120g/L時,菌體胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量緩慢上升到17.8g/L,隨后亞硒酸鈉濃度增加,菌體胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量迅速增加;在亞硒酸鈉濃度為400g/L時,胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量達(dá)到最大值141.68g/L。菌株在亞硒酸鈉濃度0~400g/L的條件下均可生長,表明該菌株耐硒能力較強(qiáng)。

注:轉(zhuǎn)化率為有機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化率,下同。

2.3 菌株IX+2 2硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率影響因素探究

2.3.1 培養(yǎng)基中硒含量對硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響

將1 mL IX+2 2種子液接入到不同硒含量的牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)24 h后,對菌株IX+2 2的生長量、胞內(nèi)硒含量進(jìn)行測定并計算有機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化率(表2)發(fā)現(xiàn),菌株IX+2 2在硒含量為250/L時仍可生長;隨著培養(yǎng)基中硒含量的增加,胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量逐漸增加,但是有機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化率呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低的趨勢。在硒含量為200/L時,轉(zhuǎn)化率最高,達(dá)到70.84%(<0.05)。當(dāng)硒含量為250g/L時,菌株細(xì)胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量達(dá)到最大值,為163.45g/L(<0.05),但菌株生長明顯受到抑制,轉(zhuǎn)化率也隨之降低,說明培養(yǎng)基中硒含量在適宜范圍才會表現(xiàn)較高硒素轉(zhuǎn)化能力[29]。

表2 硒含量對菌體富硒效果的影響

注:硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率=胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量/培養(yǎng)基中硒含量×100%

Notes: Organic selenium conversion=cellular organic selenium content/selenium content in the medium ×100%

2.3.2 亞硒酸鈉添加時間對硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響

在本研究中,亞硒酸鈉添加時間可以影響菌株的硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率,分別在菌體培養(yǎng)0、3、6、9、12 h添加亞硒酸鈉,使培養(yǎng)基的硒含量為75g/L,培養(yǎng)24 h后,菌株IX+2 2的生長量和胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量見圖4,在0~12 h時間范圍內(nèi)亞硒酸鈉添加時間對菌株IX+2 2的生長情況影響較小,但是菌株的富硒效率隨添加時間呈先上升后下降趨勢,在菌株培養(yǎng)3 h時添加亞硒酸鈉,菌株胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量迅速上升到49.93g/L,硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率達(dá)到最高值66.57%。此后隨著培養(yǎng)時間增加,菌體胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量逐漸減少,硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率也逐漸降低至40.20%。

菌株硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率以培養(yǎng)3 h時添加亞硒酸鈉最高,可能是由于此時菌株生長處于對數(shù)期,菌體生長旺盛[30]。

圖4 亞硒酸鈉添加時間對IX+2 2菌株富硒效率的影響

2.3.3 培養(yǎng)時間對硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響

在培養(yǎng)12、24、36、48 h時收集菌體,菌株IX+2 2的生長量和胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量見圖5。由圖5可知,菌株IX+2 2隨著培養(yǎng)時間的增加,硒轉(zhuǎn)化率先升高后降低,在培養(yǎng)24 h時轉(zhuǎn)化效率最高,為72.10%,隨著培養(yǎng)時間增加,菌體生長減弱及部分菌體自溶,轉(zhuǎn)化效率也隨之下降。

2.4 IX+2 2對玉米籽粒富硒的強(qiáng)化效應(yīng)研究

對比硒礦粉、亞硒酸鈉和富硒IX+2 2菌劑不同硒源處理對玉米籽粒富硒效果的影響見圖6。由圖6可知,以富硒IX+2 2菌劑作為硒源時,玉米籽粒中硒含量最高,為378.89g/kg,達(dá)到富硒谷物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。從富硒效率看,硒礦粉富硒效率最低,富硒IX+2 2菌劑富硒效率最高。同等施加量下,噴施亞硒酸鈉玉米籽粒中硒含量為228.58g/kg,與噴施低濃度IX+2 2菌劑富硒效果差異不顯著,富硒IX+2 2菌劑為硒源比普通噴施硒含量高1.66倍。

圖5 培養(yǎng)時間對IX+2 2菌株富硒效率的影響

注:A1:硒礦粉75 g·m-2;B1:亞硒酸鈉10 mg·m-2;C1:富硒IX+2 2菌劑3.3 mg·m-2;C2:富硒IX+2 2菌劑10 mg·m-2。

3 討 論

本研究表明該菌株有較好的耐硒能力。培養(yǎng)基中亞硒酸鈉濃度0~400g/L的條件下均可生長。當(dāng)培養(yǎng)基中亞硒酸鈉濃度為400g/L時,胞內(nèi)有機(jī)硒含量達(dá)到最大值141.68g/L。王浩陽[31]研究了967株耐硒菌表明,不同亞硒酸鹽濃度處理下,腸桿菌屬為耐硒優(yōu)勢種群。

對菌株IX+2 2硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率的影響因素進(jìn)行探究,硒含量、加硒時間、培養(yǎng)時間等因素會對其硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率產(chǎn)生影響。培養(yǎng)基中硒含量對菌株的硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率呈單峰曲線,在適宜范圍內(nèi)表現(xiàn)較高硒素轉(zhuǎn)化能力。IX+2 2菌株在培養(yǎng)基硒含量為200g/L時,其硒素轉(zhuǎn)化效果最好,轉(zhuǎn)化率達(dá)到70.84%。培養(yǎng)基中硒含量繼續(xù)增加,菌株硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率下降。這與楊麗華等[29]和Zhang等[32]報道的結(jié)果一致。相同硒含量采用不同的添加時間會產(chǎn)生不同的結(jié)果。在培養(yǎng)3 h,菌株生長處于對數(shù)期時加入亞硒酸鈉,硒素轉(zhuǎn)化效果最好,轉(zhuǎn)化率可以達(dá)到66.57%。此后隨著培養(yǎng)時間增加,硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率也逐漸降低。吳競對比啤酒酵母不同添加時間得出,在對數(shù)期8 h添加亞硒酸鈉的有機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化率高于其他一次性添加方式的轉(zhuǎn)化率[30]。

對比不同硒源對玉米籽粒的富硒強(qiáng)化效應(yīng),有機(jī)硒處理較亞硒酸鈉有較好的富硒效果。同等亞硒酸鈉用量條件下,噴施亞硒酸鈉籽粒中硒含量達(dá)到228.58g/kg,而施加富硒IX+2 2菌劑籽粒中的硒含量達(dá)到378.89g/kg。李玉梅[33]以酵母硒作為有機(jī)硒硒源,葉面噴施后對水稻籽粒的硒含量進(jìn)行檢測,結(jié)果表明噴施有機(jī)硒120 g/hm2時,大米中硒含量達(dá)0.74 mg/kg。植物對有機(jī)硒的吸收和利用機(jī)理的研究較少。硒代蛋氨酸是谷物籽粒中的主要存在形態(tài),不同種類的植物對有機(jī)硒的吸收利用率普遍高于硒酸鹽和亞硒酸鹽[34]。鄧?yán)35]研究水稻根系對硒代蛋氨酸的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運機(jī)制表明當(dāng)對植物外源同時供應(yīng)硒代蛋氨酸和蛋氨酸時,蛋氨酸能顯著影響植物對硒代蛋氨酸的吸收,因此,推測植物根系可能是通過蛋氨酸轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白來吸收利用硒代蛋氨酸。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),噴施較高濃度IX+2 2菌劑玉米籽粒中的硒含量達(dá)到378.89g/kg,達(dá)到富硒谷物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[36]。相比于硒礦粉及噴施亞硒酸鈉,富硒IX+2 2菌劑不僅可以提高富硒效率,而且將大部分具有毒性的無機(jī)形態(tài)的硒被轉(zhuǎn)化成有機(jī)硒,為建立安全、高效的富硒谷物生產(chǎn)技術(shù)提供了依據(jù)。

4 結(jié) 論

1)本研究從植物內(nèi)生菌中分離篩選到一株能夠?qū)o機(jī)硒轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)硒的細(xì)菌,經(jīng)分子生物學(xué)鑒定為桑腸桿菌()。按1%接種量,培養(yǎng)在亞硒酸鈉濃度0~400g/L的牛肉膏蛋白胨液體培養(yǎng)基中,菌株均可生長,表明該菌株耐硒能力較強(qiáng)。

2)桑腸桿菌IX+2 2菌株硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率影響因素探究

研究表明硒含量、加硒時間、培養(yǎng)時間等因素會對菌株IX+2 2的硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率產(chǎn)生影響。培養(yǎng)基中硒含量在適宜范圍內(nèi)表現(xiàn)較高硒素轉(zhuǎn)化能力。相同硒含量采用不同的添加時間會產(chǎn)生不同的結(jié)果,在菌株生長處于對數(shù)期時加入亞硒酸鈉,硒素轉(zhuǎn)化效果最好。培養(yǎng)時間增加,菌株生長逐漸變?nèi)?,硒素轉(zhuǎn)化率也逐漸降低。

3)桑腸桿菌IX+2 2對玉米籽粒富硒強(qiáng)化效應(yīng)研究同等亞硒酸鈉用量條件下,富硒微生物菌劑處理后籽粒中硒含量是亞硒酸鈉噴施處理后玉米籽粒中硒含量的1.66倍。富硒微生物菌劑處理較亞硒酸鈉有更好的富硒效果。

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Se-enrichment characteristics ofand its Se strengthening effect on corn grain

Qiao Hong1, Yin Jiaming1, Jiang Feng1, Yuan Hongli2, Tan Weiming1※

(1.100193,; 2.100193,)

Selenium is an important trace element in humans, animals and microorganisms. In the human body, it is mainly in the form of organic selenium, which plays an important role in promoting the metabolic process. Organic selenium in the body can scavenge free radicals, resist oxidation, enhance human immunity and fight cancer. The body itself cannot synthesize selenium, and it must be consumed from the outside through diet. However, there are serious shortages of selenium in over 72% of regions in China, and the selenium content in the main crops cannot meet the human reference intake of selenium. Therefore, selenium-enriched foods have received extensive attention. Selenium plays an important role in antioxidant reactions in plants and animals. At appropriate concentrations, selenium can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase, etc. in order to reduce oxidative stress in the plant chloroplast, and enhance plant growth. In addition, exogenous application of selenium can promote the photosynthetic pigment content of various plants. In this study, a strain IX+2 2 was previously selected from plant endophytes for transforming inorganic selenium into organic selenium with higher bioavailability. By determining its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain was identified as Enterobacter mori. This paper studied the effect of different selenium content, selenium addition time and different culture collection time on intracellular selenium content and selenium conversion rate of strain IX+2 2. The results showed that the selenium content in the medium had a great influence on the growth and selenium conversion ability of strain IX+2 2. With the increase of selenium content in the medium, the intracellular selenium content and selenium conversion rate gradually increased, but after reaching a certain peak, they begins to decline again. When the selenium content was 200g/L, the conversion rate was the highest, reaching 70.84%. When the selenium content was 250g/L, the selenium content in the cells reached the maximum, which was 163.45g/L, but the growth of the strain was significantly inhibited, and the conversion rate also decreased, It shows that the selenium content in the medium will show a high selenium conversion ability in a suitable range. The addition of selenium in the logarithmic phase favors the growth of strain IX+2 2 and the conversion of inorganic selenium. Sodium selenite addition time had little effect on the growth of strain IX+2 2 in the time range of 0-12 h, however, the selenium-enrichment efficiency of strains first increased and then decreased with the addition time. Sodium selenite was added to the strains at 3 h, and the intracellular selenium content of the strains rapidly increased to 49.93g/L, selenium conversion was the best, and the conversion rate could reach 66.57%. After that, with the increase of culture time, the intracellular selenium content of the cells gradually decreased, and the conversion rate of selenium also gradually decreased to 40.20%. The selenium conversion rate of the strain was highest when sodium selenite was added at 3 h, which may be due to the growth of the strain in logarithmic phase and the vigorous growth of the bacteria. When the strain was cultured for 24 h, the selenium conversion rate was best, and the growth of the cultured cells continued to decrease, with the increase of culture time, the selenium conversion rate of strain IX+2 2 increased first and then decreased. The highest transformation efficiency was 72.10% at 24 hours of culture. As the culture time increased, the growth of the bacteria decreased and some of the bacteria autolyzed, and the transformation efficiency also decreased. Simultaneously, the ability of the strain to strengthen selenium in corn kernel shows that the selenium transformation efficiency of the selenium enriched inoculate solution is better than application of sodium selenite with foliage spray. The corn kernel selenium content were noted 228.58g/kg when equal quantity of sodium selenite was applied with foliage spray while the microorganisms agent get to378.89g/kg, the latter was 1.66 times higher than the former.

bacteria;selenium; crops; bacteria identification;selenium rich characteristics;strengthening effect of selenium

2018-04-07

2018-05-27

公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201303106)

喬 虹,主要從事作物栽培與研究。Email:qiaohng@cau.edu.cn

譚偉明,副教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事作物生理與栽培研究。Email:tanwm@cau.edu.cn

10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.17.037

Q93

A

1002-6819(2018)-17-0284-07

喬 虹,尹佳茗,姜 峰,袁紅莉,譚偉明. 桑腸桿菌菌株的富硒特性及其噴施對玉米籽粒的硒素強(qiáng)化[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報,2018,34(17):284-290. doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.17.037 http://www.tcsae.org

Qiao Hong, Yin Jiaming, Jiang Feng, Yuan Hongli, Tan Weiming. Se-enrichment characteristics ofand its Se strengthening effect on corn grain[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2018, 34(17): 284-290. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.17.037 http://www.tcsae.org

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