1. color

（1） n. 顏色；膚色；顏料；臉色

◇例如：

Nancy liked the skirt well enough， but complained about the color. （南希還挺喜歡這件裙子，只是有點(diǎn)不滿意它的顏色。）

The color is coming back to your face. （你的氣色在好轉(zhuǎn)。）

（2） vt. 粉飾；給……涂顏色

◇例如：

The sun was beginning to color the sky above. （太陽開始給上方的天空涂抹色彩。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. Look at the flowers！They are in different _______. （2014浙江溫州）

A. prices B. sizes C. colors D. names

（ ）2. —Kids， _______ the little ducks yellow.

—But Miss Yang， I have no paints.

A. color B. leave C. cause D. feed

（ ）3. —Which shirt would you like？

—The black one. The _______ matches my new skirt quite well.

A. size B. background C. weight D. color

【Keys： 1～3 CAD】

2. dictionary

（1） n. 字典；詞典；辭書

◇例如：

I read English magazines with the help of a dictionary. （我借助字典翻閱英文雜志。）

When he writes， he always keeps a dictionary at hand. （他寫作時(shí)手邊總備有一本詞典。）

（2） 相關(guān)短語：

a living dictionary 活詞典；學(xué)識淵博的人

a walking dictionary/library 活詞典；學(xué)識淵博的人

speak like a dictionary 講話很有學(xué)問（或很精確）；談吐淵博

up to dictionary [俚語] 學(xué)識淵博

【Exercise】

（ ）When I dont understand the math problem， Tom always helps me with it. He is my walking _______. （2014浙江杭州）

A. dialogue B. history C. dictionary D. breakfast

【Key： C】

3. excuse

（1） n. 借口；理由

◇例如：

Loser always has an excuse. （失敗者總有借口。）

（2） vt. 原諒；為……申辯；給……免去

vi. 作為借口；請求寬??；表示寬恕

◇例如：

He excused himself by saying he was late because of the terrible weather. （他為自己辯解說自己遲到是因?yàn)樘鞖鈵毫印＃?/p>

Many people might have excused him for something wrong that he has done. （很多人可能已經(jīng)原諒了他做過的一些錯(cuò)事。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Look， the boss is very angry with Alex.

—Well， he came late again. But thats no _______ to shout at him. （2016湖北武漢）

A. problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason

（ ）2. —I hope youll _______ me， Mr. Crum.

—It doesnt matter this time， but remember its rude to speak to people like that.

A. refuse B. excuse C. believe D. protect

（ ）3. —He can find many _______ for not attending school.

—He probably puts his mind to online games not to studies.

A. mistakes B. results C. customs D. excuses

（ ）4. —Lets hurry.

—Yes， very often dark clouds are a _______ of rain.

A. mark B. sign C. chance D. excuse

（ ）5. —How about the girl hurt in the traffic accident？

—The situation allows no _______. We have to send her to the hospital as soon as possible.

A. help B. excuse C. hurry D. surprise

【Keys： 1～5 CBDBB】

4. trip

（1） n. 旅行；輕快的步伐

◇例如：

I am interested in the tenweek trip next spring. （我對明年春天為期10周的旅行感興趣。）

（2） 相關(guān)短語：

a trip to the moon 到月球的旅行

make/take a trip 旅行

a pleasant trip 愉快的旅行

business trip 公務(wù)旅行；出差

◇例如：

Mark was sent to the Far East on a business trip. （馬克被派往遠(yuǎn)東出差。）

Last week， I had a pleasant trip to the wonderful capital of our country， Beijing. （上周，我到我國首都北京進(jìn)行了一次愉快的旅行。）

（3） 辨析：trip，journey，tour和travel

① trip常指短距離的，直達(dá)目的地的旅行，在日常用語中，trip可與journey通用。

◇例如：

I am going on a trip to the seaside during the summer holidays. （暑假期間我將去海邊旅行。）

He went on a trip to Paris. （他去巴黎旅行了。）

② journey主要指單程較遠(yuǎn)距離的海、陸、空旅行。表示“去旅行”時(shí)，應(yīng)使用go on a journey，而不是go to a journey。

◇例如：

Mr. Smith went on a journey from Paris to New York. （史密斯先生進(jìn)行了一次從巴黎到紐約的旅行。）

A pleasant journey to you. （祝你旅途愉快。）

③ tour 指“旅行，周游，觀光”，主要目的是游覽或視察，距離可長可短，常帶有“最后回到出發(fā)地”的含義。

◇例如：

He is making a tour of the world. （他周游世界去了。）

They spent two months on a tour through most of the countries of Europe. （他們用了兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間去旅行，游歷了歐洲的大部分國家。）

④ travel一般指到國外或遠(yuǎn)方旅行，它與journey的不同之處在于不著重某一目的地，有“到各地游歷”的意思，作名詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

◇例如：

He has just returned from his travels. （他剛剛旅行回來。）

One day in his travels in China， he got to Guangzhou. （在中國旅行期間的一天，他去了廣州。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —What do you think of your last _______？

—I had a very scary experience in the mountains. I wont go there again. （2014湖北鄂州）

A. assistant B. trip C. study D. examination

（ ）2. —I cant see many kinds of birds here in winter.

—Thats because lots of them _______ to the north during September.

A. travel B. tour C. trip D. send

（ ）3. —Ill go to Sydney next week.

—Thats quite a long _______. Take care.

A. trip B. tour C. travel D. journey

（ ）4. —I dont like the bus _______. Its cheap but not comfortable.

—Me neither. I prefer to ride on the train.

A. trip B. tour C. travel D. journey

【Keys： 1～4 BADC】

5. price

（1） n. 價(jià)格；價(jià)值；代價(jià)

◇例如：

They will have to pay a high price for the house. （他們將不得不高價(jià)買下這棟房子。）

（2） vt. 給……定價(jià)

◇例如：

They are expected to be priced at about 330 yuan. （他們的價(jià)格可能會定在330元左右。）

（3） 相關(guān)短語：

price list 價(jià)格表

ceiling price 最高價(jià)

selling price 售價(jià)

wholesale price 批發(fā)價(jià)

price tag 價(jià)格標(biāo)簽；價(jià)格牌

list price 標(biāo)價(jià)；定價(jià)

total price 總價(jià)；總費(fèi)用

floor price 底價(jià)；最低價(jià)

fixed price 固定價(jià)格；定價(jià)

fair price 公平價(jià)格

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —I want to buy a ticket of the film The Monkey King. Do you know its _______？

—I am not sure. Maybe its 80 yuan. （2014浙江溫嶺）

A. cover B. size C. color D. price

（ ）2. —How about five dollars a hat， madam？

—The price sounds _______. Ill take three then.

A. cheap B. fair C. strange D. convenient

（ ）3. —What about this mobile phone？ It is 8，400 yuan.

—Its much too expensive. I dont want to pay such a high _______.

A. cost B. bill C. temperature D. price

（ ）4. —Are these eggs on sale here？

—Yes， they are divided into many grades and sold at different _______.

A. prices B. shapes C. colors D. sizes

（ ）5. What _______ will global warming bring us？ Scientists have given us a clear list.

A. news B. dangers C. prices D. advantages

【Keys： 1～5 DBDAB】

1. think about

（1） think about意為“考慮；思考”。

（2） 相關(guān)短語：

think deeply about 深思；默想；考慮

think seriously about 認(rèn)真思考

think hard about 努力思考；冥思苦想

think twice about sth. 對某事多加考慮

think more about 多想想

（3） 辨析：think of，think about和think over

① think of意為“想起；記起；有……想法；有……看法；對……有意見；考慮”。

think about 表示“考慮；回想”，著重于想的過程。

think over表示“仔細(xì)考慮”。

◇例如：

I know the person you mean， but I cant think of his name. （我知道你講的人是誰，但記不起他的名字。）

We are thinking of going to Spain for our holiday this year. （我們有今年去西班牙休假的想法）。

What do you think of my new dress？ （你認(rèn)為我的新衣服怎么樣？）

She thinks of no one but herself. （她只考慮自己，從不考慮他人。）

I am thinking about the friends I have lost. （我正在回想那些失去了的朋友。）

Think over， and youll find a way. （仔細(xì)考慮一下，你就會有辦法的。）

We need several days to think this matter over. （我們需要幾天的時(shí)間把這件事情仔細(xì)考慮一下。）

② think about和think of這兩個(gè)短語表示“考慮”、“對……有某種看法”時(shí)，可以互換。

◇例如：

Dont think of/about me any more. （不要再考慮我。）

Theyre thinking about/of buying a new car. （他們正在考慮買一輛新車。）

What do you think of/about the film？ （你認(rèn)為那部影片怎么樣？）

③ think of表示下列意義時(shí)，一般不和think about換用。

a. 表“想要，打算”時(shí)

b. 表“想出，想到”時(shí)

c. 表“關(guān)心，想著”時(shí)

d. 表“想起，記得”時(shí)

◇例如：

Helen， are you thinking of marrying Tom？ （海倫，你打算和湯姆結(jié)婚嗎？）

Who thought of the idea？ （誰想出的這個(gè)主意？）

Lei Feng was always thinking of others. （雷鋒總是為別人著想。）

I cant think of his name. （我想不起他的名字。）

④ think about表示“回想過去的事情”、“考慮某計(jì)劃是否切實(shí)可行”時(shí)，一般不和think of換用。

◇例如：

I often thought about what you said. （我常常想到你說過的話。）

Ill think about your suggestion and give you an answer tomorrow. （我要考慮一下你的建議，明天給你答復(fù)。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. Use your head， and you will surely _______ a solution to this problem. （2014西藏林芝）

A. think about B. think of C. think over D. think

（ ）2. —I dont know whether I should accept his present.

—Stop for one moment and _______ it！

A. think of B. think with C. think about D. think up

（ ）3. —I suggest you _______ your position very carefully.

—Ill be OK， thank you.

A. think of B. think over C. think about D. think for

（ ）4. —Why did you call me out？

—I want us to _______ what wed better do.

A. think of B. think over C. think about D. think for

（ ）5. —Tell me what do you _______ my Christmas card？

—Its not very beautiful， but its original.

A. think of B. think over C. think up D. think for

（ ）6. —Whats the name of the boy playing basketball there？

—Sorry， I cant _______ his name at the moment.

A. think of B. think over C. think about D. think for

（ ）7. —How is Taras job as a salesgirl？

—She is _______ changing a job more interesting.

A. thinking of B. thinking over C. thinking about D. thinking for

（ ）8. —Do you like your Chinese teacher？

—Yes， I _______ him as a good teacher.

A. think of B. think over C. think up D. think for

【Keys： 1～5 BCBBA 6～8 ACA】

2. look for

（1） look for 意為“尋找”，指尋找的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過程，未說明是否能找到，動作是延續(xù)性的。

◇例如：

—What are you looking for？ （你在找什么？）

—I am looking for my watch. （我在尋找我的手表。）

（2） 相關(guān)短語：

look over 檢查；查看；調(diào)查；把……看一遍；快速瀏覽

look out 當(dāng)心

look after=take care of 照看；照料

look around/about 四下環(huán)顧；到處尋找

look back on 回想；回顧

look down on 看不起

look forward to 盼望（其中to為介詞，其后需接名詞或v.ing形式）

look into 調(diào)查；觀察

look on...as 把……看作

look through 瀏覽；仔細(xì)檢查

look up抬頭看；找出；查（字典等）

look out of 朝……外面看

◇例如：

He looked around but he saw nobody. （他四下環(huán)顧，但什么人也沒看到。）

We are looking forward to seeing you again. （我們盼望再見到你。）

The doctor is looking him over. （醫(yī)生正在給他做仔細(xì)檢查。）

If there are words you dont understand， look them up in the dictionary. （如果你有不認(rèn)識的單詞，可以查詞典。）

When I look back on these days， Ill look and see your face. You were right there for me. （當(dāng)我回憶過去，眼前就會浮現(xiàn)你的臉龐。你總會在那守候著我。）

（3） 辨析：look for，find和find out

① look for 意為“尋找”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。

◇例如：

I am looking for my pen. （我在找鋼筆。）

② find意為“找到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。

◇例如：

I looked for it everywhere but I couldnt find it. （我到處找了，可就是找不到它。）

③ find out意為“查明真相，弄清緣由”，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過一番周折、調(diào)查到最后得到認(rèn)證的一種結(jié)果，后接表 “事實(shí)，真相，秘密”等意義的詞或從句作賓語。

◇例如：

At last the police found out who murdered the old woman. （最后警方查明了是誰謀殺了老太太。）

【Exercise】

（ ）1. Here is the book. First _______ it and then tell me what you think of it. （2013湖北十堰）

A. look into B. look through C. look up D. look after

（ ）2. —Whats the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”？

—Let me _______ the words in the new dictionary. （2017湖北孝感）

A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up

（ ）3. We need to do some research to _______ the answer. （2016河北）

A. find out B. look out

C. hand out D. take out

（ ）4. —_______ your exercises before handing them in.

—OK， Ill check all the answers carefully.

A. Look after B. Look for C. Look over D. Look up

（ ）5. —Its really funny to _______ on my childhood.

—Does it remind you of something interesting and sweet？

A. look after B. look back C. look up D. look over

【Keys： 1～5 BDACB】

（ ）1. —Would you like to go to Shanghai Disneyland？ It opened this June.

—_______. Im sure Ill have a great time there. （2016福建廈門）

A. Im afraid not B. It doesnt matter C. That sounds like fun

（ ）2. —Oh， no！Weve missed the 9 oclock train！

—_______. Theres another one in half an hour. （2017四川樂山）

A. Dont worry B. Hurry up C. Give me a break

（ ）3. —Wish you good luck in your exam， boys and girls！

—_______， Miss Brown?。?016內(nèi)蒙古）

A. The same to you B. Thank you

C. Glad to hear that D. Youre welcome

（ ）4. —Hi， Diana， how was your summer holiday？

—_______！I enjoyed myself in the sea very much. （2016天津）

A. Good idea B. Wait a minute C. Thats too bad D. Pretty good

（ ）5. —Excuse me. Is there a bus to the Olympic Center？

—_______. You can take the No. 111 bus. （2016湖北宜昌）

A. Yes， it is B. Yes， there is

C. Im not sure D. Sorry， I have no idea

（ ）6. —Id like to choose yellow as the color of our bedroom.

—_______. The color brings me a warm and comfortable feeling. （2016江蘇蘇州）

A. No way B. Sounds great

C. In your dreams D. I cant decide

（ ）7. —Tom， would you like to train our football team？

—_______. （2015山東煙臺）

A. Sure， Id like to B. Youre welcome C. Its my pleasure D. Not at all

（ ）8. —Hi， Mike！Hows it going？

—_______. （湖北孝感2015）

A. Good idea B. I think so C. Not bad D. Of course

（ ）9. —Thanks for taking my friends and me out tonight.

—_______. （江蘇鹽城2013）

A. Dont worry B. You are welcome

C. Thats a good idea D. Im afraid not

（ ）10. —You mean I have to go there by myself， for you are not free.

—Yeah， _______. （2008湖北武漢）

A. you mean it B. you think it C. you got it D. you did it

【Keys： 1～5 CABDB 6～10 BACBC】

★代詞it， one， that的用法區(qū)別

1. 它們均作代詞指代前文提到的名詞。但it所指的是同名同物，one和that所指是同名異物。

◇例如：

I like the bike， but I have no enough money to buy it. （我喜歡這輛自行車，但我沒有足夠的錢買它。）

I like bicycles， but I cant afford to buy one. （我喜歡自行車，但我買不起一輛）

The bike which I want to buy is more beautiful than that he has. （我想買的那輛自行車比他的那輛更好看。）

2. it可以替名詞性從句、動名詞和不定式短語，作形式主語或形式賓語，而one和that無此用法。

◇例如：

If you take a bus at the airport， it will take you half an hour to get there. （如果你乘汽車去機(jī)場，那要花半個(gè)小時(shí)。）

It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. （眾所周知月亮每月繞地球一周。）

3. one與that可用來指代同名異物時(shí)區(qū)別如下：

（1） one為泛指，相當(dāng)于a/an+名詞；that為特指，相當(dāng)于the+名詞。所以one所指代的名詞的修飾語一般為a/an/some/any；that所指代的名詞的修飾語往往是the/this/that。

◇例如：

A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （鐵制的椅子比木頭制的更結(jié)實(shí)。）

[該句中one可以換成a chair。]

The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （杯子里的水比壺里的更熱。） [該句中that可以換成the water。]

（2） one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用ones；that既可以代替不可數(shù)名詞也可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用those。

◇例如：

I like this pen more than that one. （比起那支筆，我更喜歡這支。） [one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)pen。]

There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （屋子里有幾個(gè)年輕人和一些年長者。） [ones代替名詞people。]

Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （馬莉的字寫得比彼得好多了。） [that代替不可數(shù)名詞handwriting。]

These pictures are more beautiful than those. （這些圖片比那些漂亮多了。） [those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)pictures。]

（3） one既可代替事物，也可代替人，that只能代替事物而不能代替人。

◇例如

The one/That on the table is mine. （桌上的那個(gè)是我的。） [該句中The one代替事物，并且也可以用That。]

He is a teacher， the one who is loved by the students. （他是個(gè)老師，受學(xué)生們喜愛。） [該句中the one代替人，不能用that。]

【Exercise】

（ ）1. —Do you see my dictionary， Dad？ I cant find _______.

—No， I dont.

A. it B. one C. that D. the one

（ ）2. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _______ as you like.

A. either B. each C. one D. it

（ ）3. The population of Henan Province is larger than _______ of any province in China.

A. one B. it C. that D. the one

（ ）4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _______ difficult to tell one from the other.

A. it B. them C. one D. that

（ ）5. _______ is our aim that every student will play in our operas.

A. One B. That C. This D. It

（ ）6. I have bought a new watch because my old _______ doesnt work.

A. it B. one C. that D. this

（ ）7. The weather in summer here is like _______ in Beijing.

A. this B. that C. it D. its

（ ）8. The hat you bought is bigger than _______ I bought.

A. one B. that C. it D. those

（ ）9. I found _______ possible to succeed if I tried my best.

A. it B. that C. one D. the one

（ ）10. —Did you find your dictionary yesterday？

—No， I didnt find _______， so Ill buy _______.

A. it； one B. one； one C. it； it D. one； it

（ ）11. We feel _______ our duty to make our country a better place.

A. it B. this C. that D. one

（ ）12. Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _______ we like yet.

A. one B. ones C. it D. them

（ ）13. —Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street？

—Victoria Street？ _______ is where the Grand Theatre is.

A. Such B. There C. That D. This

（ ）14. —Ive read another book this week.

—Well， maybe _______ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.

A. this B. that C. there D. it

（ ）15. I cant find my ticket. I think I have lost _______. （2016天津）

A. it B. one C. this D. them

（ ）16. —The population of China is larger than _______ of India.

—Yes， but Indias population is increasing rapidly. （2016湖北鄂州）

A. it B. one C. that D. this

（ ）17. Everyone makes mistakes in life. The key is not to repeat _______ again. （2017湖北孝感）

A. it B. this C. that D. them

（ ）18. —I cant find the magazine I bought this morning.

—Well， Jack is reading _______ over there. Why not go and see if it is yours？ （2016江蘇無錫）

A. it B. that C. one D. some

（ ）19. I bought a smartphone （智能手機(jī)） yesterday， and it works well. Would you like to buy _______ like this？ （2015遼寧丹東）

A. it B. this C. one D. that

（ ）20. —Dad， Ive just seen only one copy of FOOTBALL at that newsstand.

—Go and buy _______ back， Bob. （2011湖北武漢）

A. one B. other C. it D. this

【Keys： 1～5 ACCAD 6～10 BBBAA 11～15 AACDA 16～20 CDCCC】

【中考代詞考察鏈接】

（ ）1. —When shall we go hiking again？

—Make it _______ day you like. Its all the same to me. （2017四川樂山）

A. either B. any C. one

（ ）2. —Which of the two Tshirts would you like to choose？

—Both. Then I can give one to my brother and leave _______ to myself. （2016黑龍江哈爾濱）

A. another B. the other C. other

（ ）3. —When are we going to see the movie ZooTopia， this afternoon or tonight？

—_______ is OK. Im free today. （2016湖北宜昌）

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All

（ ）4. I tried two bookshops for the dictionary I wanted， but _______ of them had it. （2015山東臨沂）

A. either B. both C. neither D. none

（ ）5. —What a bad day！

—Everyone has one of those days when _______ goes right. （2016河南）

A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something

（ ）6. My friend and I are interested in drawing， but _______ of us is good at it. （2015湖北孝感）

A. neither B. both C. none D. all

（ ）7. —Have you watched the TV report about MERS？

—Yes， its _______ new dangerous disease （疾?。? （2015湖北宜昌）

A. the other B. another C. others D. other

（ ）8. —Therere four bedrooms in the house _______ with its own shower.

—Thats what I want. Ive got a few kids. （2016湖北武漢）

A. either B. neither C. each D. none

（ ）9. —Dont be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again， will you？

—No， I wont. I know that _______ of us are perfect after all. （2016山東濱州）

A. none B. neither C. each D. all

（ ）10. They are able to talk openly to one another whenever _______ of them feels hurt. （中考模擬）

A. either B. both C. some D. all

（ ）11. In 2022， Beijing will host the Winter Olympics. _______ my brother and I want to watch it. （2016吉林長春）

A. Neither B. All C. Either D. Both

（ ）12. —Who is in the classroom？

—_______. Look！The students are playing outside. （中考模擬）

A. None B. Nobody C. Nothing D. Anybody

（ ）13. —Have you done all the washing， dear？

—Not yet. It will take about _______ five minutes. （2015武漢元調(diào)）

A. another B. other C. more D. less

（ ）14. Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _______ before you leave. （中考模擬）

A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

（ ）15. —Id like some more cheese.

—Sorry， theres _______ left. （中考模擬）

A. some B. none C. a little D. few

（ ）16. To know more about the British Museum， you can use the Internet or go to the library， or _______. （中考模擬）

A. neither B. some C. all D. both

（ ）17. —Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon？

—Sorry， lets make it _______ time. （中考模擬）

A. others B. the other C. another D. other

（ ）18. —Do you want tea or coffee？

—_______. I really dont mind. （中考模擬）

A. None B. Neither C. Either D. All

（ ）19. Jane was asked a lot of questions， but she didnt answer _______ of them. （中考模擬）

A. other B. any C. none D. some

（ ）20. —Wow！Youve got so many clothes.

—But _______ of them are in fashion now. （中考模擬）

A. all B. both C. neither D. none

【Keys： 1～5 BBACA 6～10 ABCAA 11～15 DBACB 16～20 DCCBD】