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基于大數(shù)據(jù)分析的旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型設(shè)計(jì)

2018-06-12 06:41劉飛李柯青項(xiàng)清何杰
現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù) 2018年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:熵權(quán)生態(tài)足跡大數(shù)據(jù)分析

劉飛 李柯青 項(xiàng)清 何杰

摘 要: 傳統(tǒng)基于熵權(quán)TOPSIS的旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型采用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)系數(shù)選擇和識(shí)別運(yùn)算承載力,其大數(shù)據(jù)分析能力差,對(duì)景點(diǎn)總體承載力狀態(tài)分析效果差。為此,設(shè)計(jì)基于大數(shù)據(jù)分析的旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型,對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型總體框架進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì)模型數(shù)據(jù)資源庫將所有關(guān)聯(lián)信息儲(chǔ)存在相同的節(jié)點(diǎn)當(dāng)中,便于進(jìn)行大數(shù)據(jù)分析和管理。采用生態(tài)足跡法運(yùn)算旅游景點(diǎn)承載力,將游客對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)的生態(tài)污染控制在環(huán)境可以自動(dòng)恢復(fù)的范圍內(nèi),對(duì)土壤環(huán)境、水資源環(huán)境、生物環(huán)境以及污染物的環(huán)境生態(tài)足跡進(jìn)行計(jì)算,得到旅游景點(diǎn)的生態(tài)環(huán)境承載力?;诼糜尉包c(diǎn)的承載力設(shè)計(jì)模型生態(tài)預(yù)警模塊,將景點(diǎn)不同承載狀態(tài)用差異顏色進(jìn)行顯示,實(shí)現(xiàn)景點(diǎn)承載力預(yù)警。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,所設(shè)計(jì)模型對(duì)景點(diǎn)的承載力分析效果明顯,對(duì)于大數(shù)據(jù)環(huán)境的應(yīng)用效果較好。

關(guān)鍵詞: 大數(shù)據(jù)分析; 熵權(quán); 旅游景點(diǎn); 生態(tài)環(huán)境; 承載力模型; 生態(tài)足跡

中圖分類號(hào): TN915?34; X81 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2018)12?0052?04

Abstract: The traditional carrying capacity model of tourism attractions based on entropy weight TOPSIS adopts the grey correlation coefficient to select and identify the operation carrying capacity, and has poor big data analysis ability, and poor analysis effect of the overall carrying capacity status of tourism attractions. Therefore, a carrying capacity model of tourist attractions based on big data analysis is designed. The overall framework for the carrying capacity model of tourist attractions is designed. The data repository of the model is designed to store all the related information in the same node, so as to facilitate the analysis and management of big data. The carrying capacity of tourist attractions is calculated by using the ecological footprint method, so as to control the tourists′ ecological pollution on tourist attractions within the automatic restoration scope of the environment. The ecological footprints of soil environment, water resource environment, biological environment, and pollutant environment are calculated to obtain the ecological environment carrying capacity of tourist attractions. The ecological early warning module of the model is designed based on the carrying capacity of tourist attractions. Different carrying states of tourist attractions are displayed by using different colors, so as to realize the early warning of carrying capacity of tourist attractions. The experimental results show that the designed model has an obvious effect in carrying capacity analysis of tourist attractions, and a good big data environment application effect.

Keywords: big data analysis; entropy weight; tourist attraction; ecological environment; carrying capacity model; ecological footprint

0 引 言

隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的提高和人民物質(zhì)生活的不斷提升,帶動(dòng)了旅游行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,使旅游景點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)飛速增長(zhǎng),大量的以生態(tài)環(huán)境為主要吸引力的旅游景點(diǎn)如雨后春筍般出現(xiàn),單純的數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)和范圍擴(kuò)大在一定程度上提升的區(qū)域旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,但缺乏科學(xué)的土地規(guī)劃、環(huán)境承載力分析以及只注重開發(fā)忽略了環(huán)境保護(hù),導(dǎo)致旅游景點(diǎn)的環(huán)境污染問題日益加重[1],嚴(yán)重造成生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失調(diào)。在發(fā)展旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上,將旅游景點(diǎn)的環(huán)境承載力考慮到旅游資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展中,系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃和開發(fā)旅游景點(diǎn),在旅游景點(diǎn)的可承載范圍內(nèi)開發(fā)旅游資源實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念。傳統(tǒng)基于熵權(quán)TOPSIS的旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型在解決數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)模較大的景點(diǎn)承載力問題中,無法得到準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果。因此,本文研究基于大數(shù)據(jù)分析的旅游景點(diǎn)承壓模型,能得到與實(shí)際承載力相符的結(jié)果,提高對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)承載力預(yù)警能力。

1 基于大數(shù)據(jù)分析的旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型

1.1 旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型總體框架設(shè)計(jì)

圖1顯示是基于大數(shù)據(jù)分析下的旅游景點(diǎn)承載力評(píng)估模型總體架構(gòu)圖,圖中對(duì)全部模塊的組成單元進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的區(qū)分。由圖得知,模型由三部分模塊組成,第一部分模塊是功能模塊,作為實(shí)際應(yīng)用的過程體現(xiàn),使用者根據(jù)應(yīng)用模塊對(duì)每種空間信息的的詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)都有更加清楚直觀的認(rèn)知,借此完成數(shù)據(jù)資源庫管理,承載力計(jì)算等具體命令[2]。第二模塊是功能層,這層中包括全部軟件的功能模塊以及大多數(shù)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),符號(hào)庫以及空間處理庫是其重要組成部分,符號(hào)庫負(fù)責(zé)整合空間目標(biāo)的符號(hào)化過程,空間處理庫則負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)空間目標(biāo)的整合建模過程,并且此功能區(qū)同時(shí)還負(fù)責(zé)使用者、地圖顯示、空間導(dǎo)入等作用模塊,全部模塊間互相作用協(xié)調(diào)以達(dá)到對(duì)所有數(shù)據(jù)的有效整合處理。第三部分是數(shù)據(jù)層,此模塊負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)庫與其他接口的交互功能,針對(duì)空間信息出庫、入庫等進(jìn)行編輯整理工作,完成空間數(shù)據(jù)串聯(lián)任務(wù)[3],及時(shí)創(chuàng)建承載力的統(tǒng)計(jì)模型,并且根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)信息以及測(cè)算來完成模型的預(yù)警功能。

1.2 模型數(shù)據(jù)資源庫設(shè)計(jì)

本文模型根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)資源庫里所創(chuàng)建的3張表格,在緩沖區(qū)內(nèi)以此形成關(guān)聯(lián)的暫時(shí)信息庫,使用遞歸,得到表格內(nèi)的對(duì)應(yīng)值,把文中信息節(jié)點(diǎn)和數(shù)據(jù)代入資源庫尋找相關(guān)聯(lián)代碼[4],使用Window瀏覽頁面搜索資源庫,在此完成對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)資源庫的節(jié)點(diǎn)運(yùn)行。也可根據(jù)加號(hào)圖標(biāo)顯示代入節(jié)點(diǎn),還可根據(jù)需要增加的節(jié)點(diǎn)右擊選中,自動(dòng)對(duì)加點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分配編碼,具體填寫號(hào)節(jié)點(diǎn)名字,隨后模型將對(duì)信息資源庫節(jié)點(diǎn)ID實(shí)施調(diào)整,而節(jié)點(diǎn)編號(hào)作為存貯信息加點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵部分則不能予以更改[5]。假設(shè)刪除節(jié)點(diǎn)模塊,模型會(huì)完成所下達(dá)的信息命令,將數(shù)據(jù)表中的記錄完全清除,根據(jù)上述方法創(chuàng)建與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的節(jié)點(diǎn),經(jīng)過添加后可在多種地理數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)種類中代入關(guān)聯(lián)地理信息,進(jìn)而對(duì)其實(shí)施分類管理,代入資源庫根據(jù)ResourceLib類接入數(shù)據(jù)庫,經(jīng)過全部T?ResourceLib表中,把信息存儲(chǔ)在緩沖區(qū)內(nèi),根據(jù)OpenResourceView函數(shù)表達(dá)體系資源庫。增加信息鏈的過程中,在觸碰增加的情況下容易產(chǎn)生突發(fā)狀況,此時(shí)借用到frmIndexLibAdd函數(shù)[6]。這個(gè)函數(shù)包括frmAddIndex Tree種類的數(shù)據(jù),依靠frmAddIndex Tree中函數(shù)到達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)的增加,改變節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)與增添作用相似度很大[7]。

1.3 模型承載力分析

旅游景點(diǎn)的生態(tài)環(huán)境自身具備一定程度的自我恢復(fù)能力。對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)承載力的計(jì)算主要為使人們對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)的破壞控制在可恢復(fù)范圍內(nèi),即對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)的環(huán)境沖擊在自然環(huán)境的自我恢復(fù)能力中,使環(huán)境的自我清潔能力可最大化的凈化對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)造成的污染[8],因此環(huán)境承載力分析十分重要。本文基于大數(shù)據(jù)分析的旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型借鑒以往的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn),總結(jié)歸納出計(jì)算旅游景點(diǎn)承載力的三種方法,包括面積法、線路法和生態(tài)足跡法。本文模型采用生態(tài)足跡法實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)景點(diǎn)承載力的計(jì)算,生態(tài)足跡法主要用于進(jìn)行測(cè)量游客為維護(hù)自身的利益而利用大自然的量來評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響,可以利用任何一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的生態(tài)足跡來描述消費(fèi)的所有資源以及可以吸收所有污染物的土地面積[9],生命足跡公式表示如下:

1.4 模型生態(tài)預(yù)警模塊設(shè)計(jì)

旅游景點(diǎn)生態(tài)預(yù)警是將景點(diǎn)的整體生態(tài)承載力與對(duì)應(yīng)極值實(shí)施對(duì)比,用不同的顏色、計(jì)量符號(hào)等對(duì)景點(diǎn)的承載力進(jìn)行預(yù)警[10]。旅游景點(diǎn)的承載力達(dá)到最大時(shí)景點(diǎn)需要進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)用黃色的計(jì)量符號(hào)表示;遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出景點(diǎn)的承載力已經(jīng)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響用紅色的計(jì)量符號(hào)表示;在景點(diǎn)正常的承載范圍內(nèi)計(jì)量符號(hào)的顯示為綠色。本文模型通過上述三種景點(diǎn)承載力狀態(tài)對(duì)景點(diǎn)實(shí)施實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)和危險(xiǎn)預(yù)警。

本文模型景點(diǎn)生態(tài)預(yù)警模塊界面顯示模型根據(jù)使用Project.Load函數(shù)完成了全部數(shù)據(jù)的上傳,設(shè)置MyDBLinker類完成模塊信息分類以及承載力統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果的互聯(lián),類MapWinGIS.ThemeGraph會(huì)完成警示圖的制作,代碼如下:

3 結(jié) 論

本文基于大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)的旅游景點(diǎn)承載力模型,在旅游景點(diǎn)進(jìn)行承載力分析中利用生態(tài)足跡法對(duì)土壤環(huán)境、水資源環(huán)境、生物環(huán)境以及污染物的環(huán)境生態(tài)足跡進(jìn)行計(jì)算,得到旅游景點(diǎn)的生態(tài)環(huán)境承載力。依據(jù)景點(diǎn)的承載力結(jié)果對(duì)景點(diǎn)的生態(tài)承載力進(jìn)行預(yù)警,提高對(duì)景點(diǎn)承載力的應(yīng)用效果,增強(qiáng)其實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力。

注:本文通訊作者為何杰。

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