文 / 李 健
建設(shè)工程合同是指承包人進(jìn)行工程建設(shè),發(fā)包人支付價款的合同(中國《合同法》第269條)。A construction project contract means a contract whereby the contractor undertakes the construction of the project and the contract letting party pays the price (269, Contract Law of the PRC) . 所以,有關(guān)價款及其支付(money and payments)直接關(guān)涉合同當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利義務(wù),就成了建設(shè)工程合同中必須予以定義的內(nèi)容。
例 1—1.1.4.1“Accepted Contract Amount” means the amount accepted in the Letter of Acceptance for the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying any of defects.
1.1.4.2“Contract Price” means the price defined in Sub-Clause 14.1 [The Contract Price], and includes adjustments in accordance with the Contract.
1.1.4.3“Cost” means all expenditure reasonably incurred(or to be incurred) by the Contractor, whether on or off the Site,including overhead and similar charges, but does not include profit.(Contract for Construction, FIDIC, 1999)
試譯:1.1.4.1“中標(biāo)合同價”是指為工程實(shí)施、竣工和缺陷修補(bǔ),在中標(biāo)通知書中所接受的金額。
1.1.4.2 “合同價格”是指第14.1款[合同價格]定義的價格,包括根據(jù)合同所做的調(diào)整。
1.1.4.3“費(fèi)用”指由承包商承擔(dān)的現(xiàn)場內(nèi)外所有正當(dāng)開支,包括管理費(fèi)和類似費(fèi)用,但不包括利潤。
例2—1.1.5.1 簽約合同價:是指發(fā)包人和承包人在合同協(xié)議書中確定的總金額,包括安全文明施工費(fèi)、暫估價及暫列金額等。
1.1.5.2 合同價格:是指發(fā)包人用于支付承包人按照合同約定完成承包范圍內(nèi)全部工作的金額,包括合同履行過程中按合同約定發(fā)生的價格變化。
1.1.5.3 費(fèi)用:是指為履行合同所發(fā)生的或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的所有必需的開支,包括管理費(fèi)和應(yīng)分?jǐn)偟钠渌M(fèi)用,但不包括利潤。(中國《建設(shè)工程施工合同(示范文本)》(GF—2017—0201),1.1.5)
試譯—1.1.5.1“Agreed Contract Amount” means the amount agreed in the Agreement of Contract by the Employer and the Contractor, including the expenditure for safety precautions and environment-friendly measures for construction, Provisional Sums,and Prime Cost Sums.
1.1.5.2“Contract Price” means the amount which the Employer shall pay for all the works completed in accordance with the Contract by the Contractor, including variations and adjustments during the performance in accordance with the Contract.
1.1.5.3 “Cost” means all necessary expenditure for the performance of the Contract, incurred or to be incurred by the Contractor, including overhead and similar charges, but not including profit.
點(diǎn)評
1.Accepted Contract Amount中標(biāo)合同價,其意義是在中標(biāo)時點(diǎn)當(dāng)事人確定并記載在合同中的價格;類似地,簽約合同價Agreed Contract Amount,其意義是在合同達(dá)成一致時點(diǎn)當(dāng)事人確定并記載在合同中的價格。兩者都是我們口頭常說的“中標(biāo)價”,書面上名稱稍有不同,這只是因?yàn)槭褂肍IDIC文本的工程多具有“國際”因素,多采用招標(biāo)投標(biāo)的形式進(jìn)行發(fā)包承包,故使用了Accepted(被接受的,對應(yīng)于中國《合同法》意義為“承諾”),按照中文習(xí)慣譯成“中標(biāo)”合同價,未按字面譯成“接受”價;而在中國國內(nèi)工程實(shí)踐中還存在工程不采用招標(biāo)投標(biāo)形式而直接發(fā)包的情形,中國示范文本中“簽約合同價”,強(qiáng)調(diào)了價格在協(xié)議書中達(dá)成了一致,故用Agreed(經(jīng)協(xié)商一致的)譯之。
2.這兩個表達(dá)更多是形式上的,而合同一旦經(jīng)過履行,發(fā)包人最終需要支付或承包人最終可以獲得的價款,即Contract Price合同價格,則是包括調(diào)整adjustment或價格變化variation在內(nèi)的價格,具有實(shí)質(zhì)意義。
3.關(guān)于費(fèi)用(或成本)Cost的定義,除了要明白費(fèi)用(或成本)Cost中不包含利潤之外,這里特別提示幾個詞:在all expenditure reasonably incurred (or to be incurred) by the Contractor…中,incur是“承擔(dān)”的意思,而不是有些文獻(xiàn)中理解的“出現(xiàn)”或“發(fā)生”。一方面,按照“出現(xiàn)”或“發(fā)生”理解時,incur是不及物動詞,不符合英語語法; 另一方面,雖然“出現(xiàn)”或“發(fā)生”不影響中文意思的理解,但在權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系歸屬問題上是不清晰的。在including overhead and similar charges…中,overhead作為名詞譯成“管理費(fèi)”當(dāng)然不錯,但它實(shí)際上類似于中文中的“抽頭”。