国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

急性呼吸窘迫綜合征藥物治療研究進(jìn)展*

2018-02-14 11:07玲綜述王導(dǎo)新審校重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科重慶400010
現(xiàn)代醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生 2018年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:激動(dòng)劑皮質(zhì)激素肺泡

盧 玲綜述,王導(dǎo)新審校(重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科,重慶400010)

急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(ARDS)是一種死亡率極高、以氣體交換嚴(yán)重?fù)p害為特征的臨床綜合征。其特點(diǎn)主要為急性低氧血癥伴無法用心力衰竭解釋的影像學(xué)雙肺浸潤(rùn)[1];其主要病理生理特點(diǎn)為肺內(nèi)或肺外的炎癥導(dǎo)致肺內(nèi)炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),影響支氣管上皮、肺泡及血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,從而導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞通透性增加,含蛋白的水腫液累積于肺泡腔,導(dǎo)致氣體交換障礙。據(jù)一項(xiàng)覆蓋50個(gè)國(guó)家重癥監(jiān)護(hù)病房(ICU)的研究報(bào)道,輕度ARDS住院患者死亡率約為34.9%,中度為40.3%,而重度高達(dá)46.1%,并且經(jīng)過多年的研究仍無確切、有效的治療方法[2]。所以,治療ARDS一直是呼吸及危重癥學(xué)科的研究熱點(diǎn)。本文就ARDS藥物治療研究現(xiàn)狀做一綜述。

1 神經(jīng)肌肉阻滯劑

大部分ARDS患者需要進(jìn)行呼吸機(jī)輔助通氣,常用小潮氣量、低呼氣末正壓(PEEP)的保護(hù)性通氣策略。而不恰當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)械通氣會(huì)導(dǎo)致呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺損傷,從而加重患者的病情[3]。神經(jīng)肌肉阻滯劑的應(yīng)用則可減小氣道壓力,改善肺順應(yīng)性,從而增進(jìn)患者人機(jī)同步[4]。在一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究中,機(jī)械通氣48 h內(nèi)應(yīng)用神經(jīng)肌肉阻滯劑提高了中度ARDS患者28、90 d生存率[5],但其具體機(jī)制尚不明確。一項(xiàng)薈萃分析顯示,短程使用神經(jīng)肌肉阻滯劑可降低住院死亡率,并且降低氣壓傷發(fā)生率,但神經(jīng)肌肉阻滯劑的使用并不能縮短ARDS存活患者的機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間[6]。

2 β受體激動(dòng)劑

富含蛋白的水腫液聚集于肺泡腔是ARDS的一大特征,其不僅影響氣體交換的同時(shí)還影響呼吸機(jī)治療的成敗,并且能有效清除肺泡腔水腫液將促進(jìn)肺換氣,改善血氧合度,有助于降低ARDS死亡率[7]。在一項(xiàng)小型單中心、雙盲研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),吸入β受體激動(dòng)劑能顯著減輕ARDS患者肺水腫程度[8]。但隨后的進(jìn)一步研究并未發(fā)現(xiàn),使用β受體激動(dòng)劑能使ARDS患者受益,甚至吸入β受體激動(dòng)劑增加了ARDS患者28 d死亡率[9]。另一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照臨床研究顯示,吸入β受體激動(dòng)劑并不影響死亡率,但也并不能減少機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間[10]。英國(guó)一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)先使用β受體激動(dòng)劑并不能降低食管手術(shù)患者ARDS發(fā)生率,也不能改善術(shù)后ARDS患者的預(yù)后[11]。

3 他汀類

他汀類藥物是一類3-羥基-3-甲基戊二酰輔酶A(HMG-CoA)還原酶抑制劑,具有廣泛的生理效應(yīng),不僅可調(diào)節(jié)膽固醇,還具有一定抗炎效應(yīng),如降低腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)等炎性細(xì)胞因子水平。一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)雙盲的臨床前對(duì)照研究顯示,辛伐他汀在吸入脂多糖(LPS)的健康志愿者中表現(xiàn)出多種抗炎效果[12]。但在隨后的大型隨機(jī)對(duì)照臨床研究中,他汀類藥物并未表現(xiàn)出對(duì)ARDS的保護(hù)效應(yīng),不僅不能減少ARDS死亡率和呼吸機(jī)通氣時(shí)間,甚至還有可能增加肝腎功能負(fù)荷[13-16]。

4 糖皮質(zhì)激素

眾所周知,糖皮質(zhì)激素具有強(qiáng)大的抗炎效應(yīng)。中、低劑量的糖皮質(zhì)激素可上調(diào)抗炎基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄并抑制炎癥因子表達(dá),發(fā)揮抗炎作用[17]。雖然早期一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示,低劑量應(yīng)用糖皮質(zhì)激素可增加糖皮質(zhì)激素?zé)o反應(yīng),ARDS患者生存時(shí)間并減少機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間[18],并且甲潑尼龍可降低ARDS患者肺損傷評(píng)分及呼吸機(jī)通氣時(shí)間和ICU死亡率[19]。雖然早期的一項(xiàng)薈萃分析認(rèn)為,低劑量糖皮質(zhì)激素[<2 mg/(kg·d)]能降低ARDS患者死亡率[20]。但近期一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(RCT)的二次分析認(rèn)為,糖皮質(zhì)激素不僅不能降低ARDS死亡率,糖皮質(zhì)激素使用組死亡率還更高[21],并且高劑量的糖皮質(zhì)激素并不能降低高?;颊逜RDS的發(fā)生率[22-23],而中等劑量的糖皮質(zhì)激素干預(yù)也不能改善ARDS預(yù)后,甚至增高死亡率[24]。

5 抗凝藥物

在正常情況下,人體的凝血和抗凝系統(tǒng)處于平衡狀態(tài)。局部炎性反應(yīng)或全身性炎癥反應(yīng)時(shí),免疫細(xì)胞釋放炎癥介質(zhì),損傷內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,激活組織因子,打破以抗凝血酶Ⅲ(ATⅢ)和蛋白C系統(tǒng)維持的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,從而啟動(dòng)凝血形成微血栓[25],甚至發(fā)生多器官功能衰竭綜合征(MODS)。在呼吸系統(tǒng)中,微血栓的形成則介導(dǎo)了ARDS時(shí)氧合指數(shù)降低。然而,有隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究顯示,補(bǔ)充ATⅢ或活化的蛋白C(APC)并不能減少ARDS患者機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間和死亡率[26-28]。而另一項(xiàng)研究顯示,霧化吸入肝素雖然不能改善氧合指數(shù),但可減少存活患者的機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間[29],但是否能改善預(yù)后仍需進(jìn)一步研究。

6 抗血小板藥物

在ARDS發(fā)生、發(fā)展階段,血小板也參與了肺血管微血栓的形成,并且活化的血小板會(huì)募集炎癥細(xì)胞,進(jìn)一步加重肺血管損傷。在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),阿司匹林可減輕肺血管血小板聚集,提高ARDS小鼠生存率[30]。一項(xiàng)臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn),阿司匹林并不能降低ARDS發(fā)生率,對(duì)呼吸機(jī)通氣時(shí)間也無影響,同時(shí)也并不能降低ARDS患者28 d和1年死亡率,但也無明顯出血等相關(guān)不良反應(yīng)[31]。一項(xiàng)健康志愿者ARDS模型顯示,阿司匹林能減輕LPS所致的肺部中性粒細(xì)胞聚集,并減少肺部炎癥因子的表達(dá)[32]。而抗血小板藥物是否能減少ARDS機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間、能否改善ARDS預(yù)后仍需進(jìn)一步臨床研究。

7 血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑(ACEI)

ACEI是經(jīng)典的抗高血壓藥物,而腎素-血管緊張素系統(tǒng)(RAS)在ARDS的發(fā)病機(jī)制中起重要作用。血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶可將血管緊張素1轉(zhuǎn)換為血管緊張素2,從而增加血管滲透性[33]。在一項(xiàng)臨床研究中,ACEI降低了急性呼吸衰竭患者的死亡率[34],而對(duì)于ARDS是否有治療作用,還需進(jìn)一步臨床研究證實(shí)。但值得一提的是,血管緊張素-(1~7)的早期干預(yù)在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)出了對(duì)抗ARDS的作用[35]。

8 表面活性劑

大量肺泡塌陷是ARDS低氧血癥的原因之一,而表面活性劑對(duì)肺泡正常功能狀態(tài)起重要作用。從理論上來講,補(bǔ)充表面活性物質(zhì)增強(qiáng)肺順應(yīng)性,從而改善呼吸功能。一項(xiàng)大型臨床研究顯示,應(yīng)用重組表面APC可明顯改善ARDS患者氧合,卻不能降低死亡率[36]。但一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),表面活性劑不僅不能增加ARDS生存率,甚至還增加了不良結(jié)局的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[37]。同樣,近期一項(xiàng)研究顯示,表面活性劑并不能減少ARDS患者住院時(shí)間和氧合,并且也不能降低死亡率,增加了缺氧風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[38]。

9 角化細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)因子(KGF)

KGF是成纖維細(xì)胞分泌的一類表皮生長(zhǎng)因子,其不僅具有促進(jìn)Ⅱ型肺泡上皮細(xì)胞增殖的功能,還能降低內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞滲透性并減輕肺泡水腫[39]。在一項(xiàng)健康志愿者吸入LPS的研究中,吸入KGF可增加肺泡灌洗液中肺表面活性蛋白D、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、IL-1受體拮抗劑(IL-1Ra)、粒細(xì)胞-巨噬細(xì)胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),和C反應(yīng)蛋白,提示KGF可在人類ARDS中促進(jìn)Ⅱ型肺泡上皮細(xì)胞增殖,并具有抗炎和促進(jìn)組織修復(fù)的功能[40],一度成為治療ARDS的潛在藥物。但最近一項(xiàng)RCT研究發(fā)現(xiàn),KGF雖然減少了ARDS患者機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間,卻增加了28 d死亡率[41]。

10 中性粒細(xì)胞彈性酶抑制劑

中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶是由炎癥細(xì)胞分泌的一種蛋白酶,在ARDS中可使促進(jìn)中性粒細(xì)胞滲出,并且釋放IL-8、TNF-α等炎性細(xì)胞因子,同時(shí)還能破壞細(xì)胞基質(zhì)并誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶抑制劑、西維來司可降低ARDS患者機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間,增加呼吸機(jī)撤機(jī)概率,并提高180 d生存率[42]。但一項(xiàng)薈萃分析顯示,西維來司并不能改善ARDS患者28~30 d死亡率,同時(shí)對(duì)機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間并無明顯影響[43]。

11 小結(jié)與展望

ARDS病因復(fù)雜,休克、創(chuàng)傷、感染、誤吸、尿毒癥、糖尿病等各種原因都能最終導(dǎo)致ARDS,且主要的生理改變都是肺泡-毛細(xì)血管的急性損傷。目前,已確認(rèn)肺損傷是系統(tǒng)性炎性反應(yīng)綜合征的結(jié)果。因此,目前的病因?qū)W研究較多集中在炎癥-肺損傷,也取得了較多的研究成果,但肺損傷的機(jī)制還未得到非常確切的認(rèn)識(shí)。在治療上,經(jīng)過多年的不斷研究,ARDS的治療方式得到了極大的拓展,從藥物基本治療如抗感染治療,維持水、電解質(zhì)平衡及能量代謝等一系列支持治療,到小潮氣量、低PEEP的保護(hù)性機(jī)械通氣,再到體外膜肺氧合(ECMO)技術(shù)。目前,一方面,針對(duì)ARDS的治療主要依賴于機(jī)械通氣,認(rèn)為只有使用小潮氣量(≤6 mL/kg)通氣、足夠的呼氣末正壓及限制氣道平臺(tái)壓小于或等于30 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)以提高患者生存率。另一方面,非機(jī)械通氣治療的手段也在不斷增多,然而各種藥物的療效并未得到完全肯定。總之,ARDS治療手段上有了更多的選擇,但迄今為止,ARDS的死亡率并未明顯改變,仍需要采取發(fā)現(xiàn)、早干預(yù)的處理模式。

目前,針對(duì)ARDS非機(jī)械通氣治療的研究也從未停止,如抗細(xì)胞因子療法(IL-6、IL-10)、誘導(dǎo)熱休克治療、間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療和基因治療。關(guān)于藥物研究,如羅格列酮、烏司他丁及蘆丁、黃芪、參附、葛根素等中醫(yī)藥均對(duì)ARDS有一定療效。但多年來仍沒有具體有效的ARDS藥物,機(jī)械通氣依舊是治療的基礎(chǔ),機(jī)械通氣本身有可能造成進(jìn)一步的肺損傷,因此,針對(duì)ARDS的治療研究仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn)。

[1]RANIERIVM,SLUTSKYAS.ARDSdefinitiontaskforce[Z].2012-01-01.

[2]BELLANIG LJ,LUNG SI,ESICM TRIALS GROUP.Epidemiology,patterns of care,and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries[J].JAMA,2016,315(8):788-800.

[3]TREMBLAY LN,SLUTSKY AS.Ventilator-induced lung injury:from the bench to the bedside[J].Intensive Care Med,2006,32(1):24-33.

[4]ARROLIGA A,F(xiàn)RUTOS-VIVAR F,HALL J,et al.Use of sedatives and neuromuscular blockers in a cohort of patients receiving mechanical ventilation[J].Chest,2005,128(2):496-506.

[5]PAPAZIAN L,F(xiàn)OREL JM,GACOUIN AA,et al.Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,2010,363(12):1107-1116.

[6]ALHAZZANI W,ALSHAHRANI M,JAESCHKE R,et al.Neuromuscular blocking agents in acute respiratory distress syndrome:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Critical Care,2013,17(2):R43.

[7]KOLOSOVA IA,MIRZAPOIAZOVA T,MORENO-VINASCO L,et al.Protective effect of purinergic agonist ATP{gamma}S against acute lung injury[J].Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2008,294(2):L319-324.

[8]PERKINS GD,MCAULEY DF,THICKETT DR,et al.The β-Agonist Lung InjuryTrial(βALTI)a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2006(173):281-287.

[9]GAO SMITH F,PERKINS GD,GATES S,et al.Effect of intravenous β-2 agonist treatment on clinical outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome(BALTI-2):a multicentre,randomised controlled tria[J]l.Lancet,2012,379(9812):229.

[10]THE NATIONAL HEART.Lung and blood institute acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)clinical trials network:randomized,placebocontrolled clinical trial of an aerosolized β2-agonist for treatment of acute lung injury[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2011(184):561-568.

[11]PERKINS GD,BALTI-PREVENTION C.The beta agonist lung injury trial prevention[J].A randomized controlled trial[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2014,189(6):674-683.

[12]SHYAMSUNDAR M,MCKEOWN S,O′Kane CM,et al.Simvastat indecreases lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation in healthy volunteers[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2009(179):1107-1114.

[13]TRUWIT JD,BERNARD GR,STEINGRUB J,et al.Rosuvastatin for sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,2014,370(23):2191-2200.

[14]MCAULEY DF,LAFFEY JG,O’Kane CM,et al.Simvastatin in the acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,2014,371(18):1695-1703.

[15]NEEDHAM DM,COLANTUONI E,DINGLAS VD,et al.Rosuvastatin versus placebo for delirium in intensive care and subsequent cognitive impairment in patients with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome:an ancillary study to a randomised controlled trial[J].Lancet Respir Med,2016,4(3):203-212.

[16]DINGLAS VD,HOPKINS RO,WOZNIAK AW,et al.One-yearoutcomes of rosuvastatin versus placebo in sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome:prospective follow-up of SAILS randomised trial[J].Thorax,2016,71(5):401-410.

[17]RHEN T,CIDLOWSKI JA.Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids--new mechanisms for old drugs[J].N Engl J Med,2005,353(16):1711-1723.

[18]ANNANE D,SEBILLE V,BELLISSANT E,et al.Effect of low doses of corticosteroids in septic shock patients with or without early acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].Crit Care Med,2006(34):22-30.

[19]GUMEDU RI,GOLDEN E,F(xiàn)REIRE AX,et al.Methylprednisolone infusion in early severe ARDS:results of a randomized controlled trial[J].Chest,2007(131):954-963.

[20]TANG BM,CRAIG JC,ESLICK GD,et al.Use of corticosteroids in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Crit Care Med,2009,37(5):1594-1603.

[21]ZHANG Z,CHEN L,NI H.The effectiveness of Corticosteroids on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute lung injury:a secondary analysis[Z].2015-02-01.

[22]SPRUNG CL,CARALIS PV,MARCIAL EH,et al.The effects of highdose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock[J].N Engl J Med,1984(311):1137-1143.

[23]LUCE JM,MONTGOMERY AB,MARKS JD,et al.Ineffectiveness of high-dose methylprednisolone in preventing parenchymal lung injury and improving mortality in patients with septic shock[J].Am Rev Respir Dis,1988,138(1):62-68.

[24]THE NATIONAL HEART.Lung,and blood institute acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)clinical trials network:efficacy and safety ofcorticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,2006(354):1671-1684.

[25]BASTARACHE JA,WANG L,GEISER T,et al.The alveolar epithelium can initiate the extrinsic coagulation cascade through expression of tissue factor[J].Thorax,2007,62(7):608-616.

[26]AFSHARI A,WETTERSLEV J,BROK J,et al.Antithrombin III for critically ill patients[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2008,134:CD00 5370.

[27]LIU KD,LEVITT J,ZHUO HJ,et al.Randomized clinical trial of activated protein C for the treatment of acute lung injury[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2008,178(6):618-623.

[28]SEBAG SC,BASTARACHE JA,WARE LB.Therapeutic modulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].Curr Pharm Biotechnol,2011,12(9):1481-1496.

[29]Dixon B,Schultz MJ,Smith R,et al.Nebulized heparin is associated with fewer days of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients:a randomized controlled trial[J].Crit Care,2010,14:R180.

[30]LOONEY MR,NGUYEN JX,HU YM,et al.Platelet depletion and aspirin treatment protect mice in a two-event model of transfusion-related acute lung injury[J].J Clin Invest,2009,119(11):3450-3461.

[31]KOR DJ,CARTER RE,PARK PK.US critical illness and injury trials group:lunginjurypreventionwithaspirinstudygroup(USCIITG:LIPS-A).Effect of aspirin on development of ARDS in at-risk patients presenting to the emergency department:the LIPS-A randomized clinical trial[J].JAMA,2016,316(10):1116.

[32]HAMID U,KRASNODEMBSKAYA A,F(xiàn)ITZGERALD M,et al.Aspirin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation in human models of ARDS[Z].2017-03-01.

[33]VICTORINO GP,NEWTON CR,CURRAN B.Effect of angiotensin Ⅱon microvascular permeability[J].J Surg Res,2002(104):77-81.

[34]NOVEANU M,BREIDTHARDT T,REICHLIN T,et al.Effect of oral beta-blocker on short and long-term mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure:results from the Basel II-ICU study[J].Cri Care,2010,14(6):R198.

[35]KOHSE F,SUPE S,GEMBARDT F,et al.Therapeutic time window for angiotensin-(1-7)in acute lung injury[J].Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol,2016,389(Supple 1):S66-69.

[36]SPRAGG RG,LEWIS JF,WALMRATH HD,et al.Effect of recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant on the acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].N Engl J Med,2004,351(9):884-892.

[37]KESECIOGLU J,BEALE R,STEWART TE,et al.Exogenous natural surfactant for treatment of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distresssyndrome[J].AmJRespirCritCareMed,2009,180(10):989-994.

[38]WILLSON DF,TRUWIT JD,CONAWAY MR,et al.The adult calfactant in acute respiratory distress syndrome trial[J].Chest,2015,148(2):356-364.

[39]WARE LB,HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTORS IN THE LUNG:ROLES IN LUNG DEVELOPMENT.Inflammation,and repair[J].Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2002(282):L924-940.

[40]SHYAMSUNDAR M,MCAULEY DF,INGRAM RJ,et al.Keratinocyte growth factor promotes epithelial survival and resolution in a human model of lung injury.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2014,189(12):1520-1529.

[41]MCAULEY DF,CROSS L,HAMID U,et al.Keratinocyte growth factor for the treatment of the acute respiratory distress syndrome(KARE):a randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled phase 2 trial[J].Lancet Respir Med,2017,5(6):484-491.

[42]AIKAWA N,ISHIZAKA A,HIRASAWA HA,et al.Reevaluation of the efficacy and safety of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor,Sivelestat,for the treatment of acute lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome;a phase IV study[J].Pulm Pharmacol Ther,2011,24(5):549-554.

[43]IWATA K,DOI A,OHJI G,et al.Effect of neutrophil elastase inhibitor(sivelestat Sodium)in the treatment of acute lung injury(ALI)and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS):a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Intern Med,2010,49(22):2423-2432.

猜你喜歡
激動(dòng)劑皮質(zhì)激素肺泡
纖支鏡肺泡灌洗在腦死亡邊緣性供肺維護(hù)中的作用
重癥肺炎肺泡灌洗液miR-127-5p、 miR-3686、 sTREM-1的表達(dá)及與病情、預(yù)后的關(guān)系
經(jīng)支氣管肺泡灌洗術(shù)確診新型冠狀病毒肺炎1例
促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素治療腎病綜合征的研究進(jìn)展
糖皮質(zhì)激素聯(lián)合特布他林治療慢阻肺急性加重期的臨床效果觀察
三七總黃酮抗糖皮質(zhì)激素誘發(fā)骨質(zhì)疏松的效應(yīng)
綠蘿花中抗2型糖尿病PPARs激動(dòng)劑的篩選
GPR35受體香豆素類激動(dòng)劑三維定量構(gòu)效關(guān)系研究
苜蓿素對(duì)哮喘小鼠肺泡巨噬細(xì)胞TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路的抑制作用
生發(fā)Ⅰ號(hào)聯(lián)合局部注射糖皮質(zhì)激素治療斑禿患者禿眉的臨床觀察
抚宁县| 高要市| 西宁市| 陕西省| 萨迦县| 青阳县| 河津市| 蓝田县| 锡林郭勒盟| 临沧市| 二手房| 平定县| 宜都市| 昭平县| 仪陇县| 合江县| 怀集县| 茌平县| 明水县| 宁晋县| 保定市| 会宁县| 维西| 吉木乃县| 临城县| 河池市| 玉环县| 彩票| 勐海县| 宜黄县| 金昌市| 遂平县| 曲松县| 冀州市| 焉耆| 新泰市| 手机| 龙游县| 江西省| 安远县| 延寿县|