閆躍
[詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)]
詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義/近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),它是銜接語篇的最直接手段,完形填空的很多選項(xiàng)就可以根據(jù)這一手段來確定。
例1 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air to the right woman. But 41 (restrictions) apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallahgher and have a Canadian 42 ... The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可轉(zhuǎn)讓) 45 , (policy), but since passport information was not required when 46 (booking), any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 (use) it.
42. A. origin B. passport C. accent D. friend
解析 上文提到一個(gè)加拿大青年在和女朋友分手后,希望免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送自己為女朋友低價(jià)購買的環(huán)球航空旅行票的故事,但不是每個(gè)人都能獲得這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),對(duì)方必須是一個(gè)名叫Elizabeth Gallagher,而且有加拿大護(hù)照的女子。第42空可根據(jù)第45~47空所在的句子得出答案,其中第42小題答案與第45空之后的passport構(gòu)成原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
例2 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids 41 (entered) “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the 42 students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43 (dull).
42. A. name B. rule
C. brand D. plan
解析 A。根據(jù)此段可以看出,原本這間房子是被編號(hào)為Room 104的,但后來學(xué)生投票決定把稱呼改了,叫作The Thinking Laboratory,由此可知,后者即是學(xué)生們?yōu)檫@間房子取的“名字”。the Thinking Laboratory是下義詞,答案name是上義詞。
例3 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 (experience) at college for the better.
41. A. searching B. planning
C. natural D. formal
解析 A。段首提到一般而言高中不鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生探索生活中新的方面,但大學(xué)卻提供了這么做的舞臺(tái)。后面提到作為大學(xué)生的“我”就經(jīng)歷了這個(gè)過程。所以可知,名詞process(過程)前面的定語應(yīng)跟“探索”有關(guān),故選擇searching。動(dòng)名詞searching可視作名詞exploration的近義詞,二者構(gòu)成近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
[詞語同現(xiàn)]
一個(gè)語篇往往專注于某一主題或話題,與此相關(guān)的詞可能會(huì)共同出現(xiàn)。語義相關(guān)聯(lián)的詞語在語篇中共同出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象叫詞語同現(xiàn),這種傾向性被人稱之為“詞場(chǎng)”。同現(xiàn)詞之間有反義或相對(duì)關(guān)系,或者同類互補(bǔ)關(guān)系等,如different與same,cruel與friendly,death(死亡)與destruction(毀滅),ill與pale/patient/nurse/doctor/operation等。
例4 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) Through the years, Id run into former students who would provide 51 (updates) on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his 52 from high school and remained the same 53 (caring) person I met forty years before.
52. A. graduation B. retirement
C. separation D. resignation
解析 A。前面提到“我”有時(shí)會(huì)碰到以前的學(xué)生,這些學(xué)生會(huì)給“我”提供一些之前所教學(xué)生的最新消息,“我”由此得知Freddy的情況。不難看出,“我”所得知的應(yīng)該是Freddy“畢業(yè)”之后的情況。作為答案的graduation與文中的former students,old classmates和high school很容易聯(lián)系到一起,它們圍繞的主題都是“學(xué)校、學(xué)生”。
例5 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May, but their 43 (relationship) ended and he did not want her ticket to 44 (go to waste) ... The 58 is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before 59 (ending) in Toronto on January 8.endprint
58. A. interview B. program
C. trip D. meeting
解析 C。前文提到Jordan Axani和女朋友Elizabeth Gallagher分手了,所以想把女方的環(huán)球旅行機(jī)票送人,以免浪費(fèi)。第58空提到的應(yīng)該是環(huán)球旅游的行程安排,故選trip。trip很顯然與round-the-world air tickets和ticket構(gòu)成詞語同現(xiàn)。
[邏輯關(guān)系]
在語篇當(dāng)中,邏輯關(guān)系有很多種,比如時(shí)間上的先后關(guān)系、條件與結(jié)果的關(guān)系等。在完形填空中,考查最多的一般是因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
例6 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) Both the hand movements and the very 48 (idea) of communicating without speaking 49 (attracted) me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 (past). This newness just left me 51 , more.
51. A. showing B. acting
C. saying D. wanting
解析 D。前文提到美式手語及其所傳遞的思想吸引了“我”,“我”所見到的完全不同于以往的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)因果關(guān)系,這種新鮮感只會(huì)讓作者“想要”了解或者學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于美式手語的東西。
例7 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 (caused) us to learn less.
58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However
解析 C。本句開頭提到“我”意識(shí)到安靜并非令人不快,后面提到如果課堂有人講話(不安靜),甚至還會(huì)降低我們的學(xué)習(xí)效果,讓我們學(xué)得更少。二者之間存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,故選擇Instead。
例8 (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) I had advised the kids that while verbs may seem dull, most of the 50 , things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
50. A. simple B. unique
C. fun D. clever
解析 C。本句前面提到動(dòng)詞也許是枯燥乏味的,根據(jù)while(盡管)可知,后面的句子跟它是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以后面句子表示的意思應(yīng)該是“但他們一生之中所做的大部分有趣的事情就是動(dòng)詞(這里的‘動(dòng)詞指的是它所表示的動(dòng)作)”。endprint