楊卓 張勇 李妍 劉巋然 歐陽玲
[摘 要] 目的:探討Foley導(dǎo)尿管在子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)后止血中應(yīng)用效果。方法:收集2015年2月-2016年2月中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院行經(jīng)腹子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)的患者94例,隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組。實(shí)驗(yàn)組術(shù)后立即留置宮腔Foley導(dǎo)尿管水囊,根據(jù)肌瘤切除后修復(fù)子宮大小調(diào)整水囊大小,水囊內(nèi)注射生理鹽水5~10mL。比較兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后24h、48h、72h以及拔除全部引流總出血量等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果:兩組間術(shù)后子宮創(chuàng)面出血量、留置腹引時(shí)間、術(shù)后輸血率的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P﹤0.05)。結(jié)論:Foley導(dǎo)尿管在子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)后止血治療中安全有效,與傳統(tǒng)術(shù)后處置比較,可減少術(shù)后子宮創(chuàng)面出血、減少留置腹引時(shí)間、降低術(shù)后輸血率,同時(shí)并未增加術(shù)后感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、住院時(shí)間及住院費(fèi)用,臨床應(yīng)用前景良好。
[關(guān)鍵詞] Foley導(dǎo)尿管;子宮肌瘤核除術(shù);止血;療效
中圖分類號(hào):R713.4 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):2095-5200(2017)05-031-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201705013
Clinical application of Foley catheter in hemostasis after myomectomy Yang Zhuo,Zhang Yong,Li Yang,Liu Kuiran,OuYang Ling. (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the applicative effect of Foley catheter in hemostasis after myomectomy. Methods: 94 patients undertaken trans-abdominal myomectomy in Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University from February 2015 to February 2016 were selected and divided into control group and observation group randomly. In contral group, Foley catheter balloon was indwelled in uterine cavity immediately after the myomectomy, while the balloon size depend on uterine size repaired and usually water injection of normal saline was 5~10mL. A prospective review of the patients clinical outcomes was conducted and statistical comparison indexes of the two groups contained operation time, intraoperative blood loss, drainage volume and so on. Results: There was a statistical difference of uterine hemorrhage amount,time of peritoneal drainage and the rate of blood transfusion after surgery between two groups (P﹤0.05). Conclusion: The application of Foley catheter in hemostasis after trans-abdominal myomectomy is safe and effective. Compared with the traditional treatment,it can reduce uterine hemorrhage amount,shorten time of peritoneal drainage and decrease the rate of blood transfusion after surgery, which indicates that Foley catheter has a good application prospect in the future.
[Key words] Foley catheter; myomectomy; hemostasis; applicative effect
子宮平滑肌瘤是女性生殖系統(tǒng)最常見的良性腫瘤,多發(fā)于30~50歲的婦女[1-3]。隨著手術(shù)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展、疾病早診早治意識(shí)的普及以及女性對(duì)保留生殖器官的日益重視,越來越多的子宮肌瘤患者選擇保留子宮行子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)作為第一治療方案。目前止血藥物、特殊縫線、止血帶等的應(yīng)用已明顯減少了子宮肌瘤術(shù)中出血,但術(shù)后子宮收縮不良、創(chuàng)面持續(xù)出血仍是臨床醫(yī)生急需解決的問題。本研究將Foley導(dǎo)尿管留置于經(jīng)腹子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)后宮腔內(nèi),并根據(jù)肌瘤切除后修復(fù)子宮大小調(diào)整水囊大小,利用水囊壓迫止血及機(jī)械刺激等作用止血,取得了很好的效果。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年2月至2016年2月中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院收治的子宮肌瘤患者,入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括:1)子宮多發(fā)肌瘤,以肌壁間、粘膜下為主,肌瘤個(gè)數(shù)控制在5~20枚間;2)年齡為35~50歲間,無生育要求,有性生活史;3)全麻行經(jīng)腹子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)。共計(jì)入組94例。隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組(n=46)和實(shí)驗(yàn)組(n=48)。兩組患者年齡、肌瘤數(shù)目、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表1)(P﹥0.05)。endprint
1.2 方法
患者均在全麻下行經(jīng)腹子宮肌瘤切除術(shù),術(shù)中子宮縫合方式及用藥兩組完全相同。實(shí)驗(yàn)組術(shù)后立即留置Foley導(dǎo)尿管,根據(jù)肌瘤核除后修復(fù)宮腔大小調(diào)整水囊大小,水囊內(nèi)注射生理鹽水5~10mL;對(duì)照組術(shù)后未留置Foley導(dǎo)尿管,其他手術(shù)處理與實(shí)驗(yàn)組保持一致。兩組術(shù)后治療方案一致,均給予卡孕栓2枚肛入,用沙袋壓于下腹切口處6h,并用濃度為0.1U/mL的縮宮素每分鐘40~50滴持續(xù)靜滴24h促進(jìn)子宮收縮,給予廣譜抗生素5d預(yù)防感染,給予洛索洛芬鈉片2片日一次口服止痛,術(shù)后24h拔除尿管下地活動(dòng)。如術(shù)后24h內(nèi)腹腔引流量超過300mL,隨時(shí)加用卡孕栓2枚肛入。實(shí)驗(yàn)組腹腔引流量少于50mL或留置腹引超過術(shù)后72h,拔除Foley導(dǎo)尿管。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
觀察數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析處理,計(jì)量資料用 x±s表示,采用 t 檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用卡方檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05認(rèn)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 術(shù)后引流指標(biāo)比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組在術(shù)后第1、2、3個(gè)24h及總引流量均明顯少于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),留置腹引時(shí)間也少于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表2)。
2.2 兩組術(shù)后感染、輸血指標(biāo)比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組之間術(shù)后體溫高于38.5℃病例比率和住院時(shí)間>5d病例比率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P﹥0.05),實(shí)驗(yàn)組術(shù)后輸血率明顯小于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表3)。
3 討論
數(shù)據(jù)顯示在年齡為35~50歲間的女性中子宮肌瘤的發(fā)病率為51.2%~60%,而在年齡超過50歲女性中發(fā)病率更是高達(dá)70%~80%[4-5]。保守治療失敗后,全子宮切除會(huì)使患者喪失生育功能及生殖道結(jié)構(gòu)改變,不僅創(chuàng)傷較大,更對(duì)患者心理造成長期不良影響。隨著疾病早診早治意識(shí)的普及,子宮多發(fā)肌瘤更早的被發(fā)現(xiàn),患者保留子宮的愿望也越來越強(qiáng)烈。目前保留子宮的方法有腹腔鏡和經(jīng)腹行子宮肌瘤核除術(shù),前者因其自身局限性和對(duì)手術(shù)技術(shù)的高要求而應(yīng)用受限,尤其當(dāng)子宮肌瘤個(gè)數(shù)超過5枚時(shí),經(jīng)腹行子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)雖未能“微創(chuàng)”依然有著不可替代的地位。術(shù)后子宮收縮不良,創(chuàng)面持續(xù)出血或滲血增加了患者術(shù)后輸血率,感染率,是臨床醫(yī)生不得不面對(duì)的一大難題。如何減少術(shù)后出血也一直是研究熱點(diǎn)。
近年來臨床試驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Foley導(dǎo)尿管在產(chǎn)后出血[2-3]、早孕流產(chǎn)出血[6-7]、瘢痕妊娠或?qū)m頸妊娠出血[6-9]的止血中效果良好,明顯減少了子宮創(chuàng)面出血量,降低了輸血比率。也有研究報(bào)道Foley導(dǎo)尿管在乳腺真空抽吸活檢后[10]能發(fā)揮很好的止血效果。
Foley導(dǎo)尿管在經(jīng)腹子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)后的止血效果的研究不多,Alptekin等[11]的一項(xiàng)回顧性研究征集了67個(gè)行經(jīng)腹子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)子宮肌瘤患者,F(xiàn)oley導(dǎo)尿管置入宮腔止血的實(shí)驗(yàn)組術(shù)后出血量、血紅蛋白降低值明顯少于對(duì)照組,且宮腔填塞并不增加術(shù)后嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。Ikechebelu JI等[12]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在行子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)前在宮腔內(nèi)置入Foley導(dǎo)尿管同樣能起到較好的止血效果,本研究結(jié)果也提示實(shí)驗(yàn)組在術(shù)后第一、二、三個(gè)24h及總引流量均明顯少于對(duì)照組,留置腹引時(shí)間也少于對(duì)照組且術(shù)后輸血率明顯小于對(duì)照組,與上述兩項(xiàng)研究結(jié)論一致。
Foley導(dǎo)尿管的球囊注入生理鹽水后形成形狀規(guī)整的水囊,其表面光滑且可塑性強(qiáng),注水后與宮壁貼附良好。分析其止血原理可能包括:①球囊內(nèi)注水后形成的壓力超過子宮血管的壓力,使接近球囊的血管破口縮小或閉合,實(shí)現(xiàn)物理性壓迫止血[13],繼而血流減慢,血小板粘附聚集,激活凝血過程,實(shí)現(xiàn)化學(xué)性止血[14];②水囊貼附宮壁,壓迫子宮內(nèi)膜表面的靜脈,減少滲血,發(fā)揮止血效果[15];③增大的水囊能機(jī)械刺激子宮肌層,反射性引起子宮的持續(xù)收縮,收縮的子宮肌壁纖維壓迫其內(nèi)走行的血管起到到止血作用[16]。
應(yīng)用Foley導(dǎo)尿管進(jìn)行術(shù)后出血的防治更有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):①取材容易,操作方法簡單,迅速,幾乎能在所有醫(yī)院廣泛開展應(yīng)用,且經(jīng)濟(jì)成本僅為25元左右,并未明顯增加患者住院費(fèi)用;②水囊的容積可以調(diào)節(jié),當(dāng)患者不能耐受時(shí),可將氣囊中的水適量放出以減輕氣囊對(duì)子宮的刺激,改善癥狀;③宮腔積血能通過Foley導(dǎo)尿管排出,便于觀察、記錄術(shù)后宮腔內(nèi)出血量,同時(shí)還能避免宮腔積血和逆流入盆腔[17];④Foley導(dǎo)尿管貼附宮壁還能起到支架的隔離作用,能有效地分離子宮的各個(gè)側(cè)壁,使術(shù)后子宮內(nèi)膜沿著導(dǎo)尿管的球囊表面修復(fù)、增殖,防止宮腔粘連的出現(xiàn)[18]。
綜上所述,F(xiàn)oley導(dǎo)尿管在經(jīng)腹子宮肌瘤核除術(shù)后止血的治療中能減少患者術(shù)后總的出血量和降低輸血率,減少留置腹引時(shí)間,同時(shí)并未增加術(shù)后感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、住院時(shí)間及住院費(fèi)用,是一種較為安全有效的治療手段,能為希望保留子宮的多發(fā)肌瘤患者或?yàn)榛鶎俞t(yī)院的醫(yī)務(wù)工作者提供一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇,值得臨床的推廣。
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