建筑設(shè)計(jì)：卡達(dá)瓦爾&索拉-莫拉萊斯建筑事務(wù)所

Architect: Cadaval & Solà-Morales Architects

科爾多瓦-ReUrbano住宅，墨西哥城，墨西哥

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：卡達(dá)瓦爾&索拉-莫拉萊斯建筑事務(wù)所

Architect: Cadaval & Solà-Morales Architects

Cordoba-ReUrbano Housing, Mexico City, Mexico, 2015

1.2 外景/Exterior views

該建筑位于科洛尼亞洛瑪，墨西哥城中心的一片歷史街區(qū)，由一個(gè)名為“城市回收”的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)發(fā)起。項(xiàng)目建造在一片位列歷史遺產(chǎn)的建筑地塊之上，其地面層不包含任何停車或者商業(yè)空間——這種居住狀況在當(dāng)?shù)匚幕幸话銜?huì)被歸為下層社會(huì)的生存現(xiàn)實(shí)，且一般難與提升整體的城市品質(zhì)產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系。

這處具有歷史價(jià)值的建筑地段在其房主去世后被遺棄。ReUrbano發(fā)現(xiàn)了它，并委托我們將其改造為一幢住宅樓。設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括9套尺寸、形式不同的住宅以及位于正立面上的商業(yè)空間。項(xiàng)目要求我們必須正視建筑的形式價(jià)值在城市網(wǎng)格中的角色，并探求遺產(chǎn)的價(jià)值以及合理保留、干預(yù)的方式。我們?cè)噲D做出一個(gè)審慎的方案，不斷地保持著統(tǒng)觀全局的視角，從而保證對(duì)舊有建筑的空間結(jié)構(gòu)（和本質(zhì)）表現(xiàn)出足夠的尊重。

項(xiàng)目基本完整保留了舊有建筑，超額完成了當(dāng)?shù)乇Ｗo(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)提出的只保留建筑立面的要求。這一決策基于對(duì)每一個(gè)現(xiàn)存建筑部件的仔細(xì)分析，目的是為了打造一個(gè)不同的現(xiàn)實(shí)，又使其與原有建筑保持和諧：過(guò)去與當(dāng)下共存，尊重并創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的空間現(xiàn)實(shí)；兩種建筑拓?fù)湫问礁髯曰貞?yīng)其相應(yīng)的歷史時(shí)代，同時(shí)相互共存。

建筑平面沿著一條室外斜向走廊展開(kāi)；通向原有建筑的舊有庭院被復(fù)制到了綜合體的后端，從而構(gòu)成了兩個(gè)核心交通空間圍繞兩個(gè)中庭布置的格局。位于原有住宅后部的加建部分圍合了第二個(gè)中庭，其選材和形式與既有建筑相似，而采用了當(dāng)代的技術(shù)。

方案也沿著豎直方向生長(zhǎng)，在老房子的基礎(chǔ)之上增加了兩層加建空間。建筑在原有街道平面上下挖了1.5m，并在老房子內(nèi)加建了一系列夾層，使得原先的單層建筑甚至在部分位置具有了3層室內(nèi)空間。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑的水平性，加建在老房子上的第一層新結(jié)構(gòu)完全被裝以玻璃，從而減輕加建部分的視覺(jué)重量，同時(shí)將舊建筑與新建筑區(qū)分開(kāi)。露臺(tái)和建筑體量被交替設(shè)置在頂層，讓人對(duì)建筑高度的估計(jì)不停變幻，也使得整體建筑體量顯得苗條，像是一串小塔樓，而不是一個(gè)連續(xù)不斷的物體。

頂層體量顯示了獨(dú)特的身份，不僅在材料方面與其他層級(jí)有所區(qū)分，還在顏色上（黑，而不是白，減輕了加建部分的視覺(jué)重量）有所不同。建筑材料的使用促進(jìn)了新老建筑室內(nèi)獨(dú)特空間的產(chǎn)生，為迎接獨(dú)特而多樣的生活方式做好了準(zhǔn)備。□（張?jiān)Ｏ枳g）

3 總平面/Site plan

The building is located in the Colonia Roma,a historic neighbourhood in the central sector of Mexico City. The project is built on the initiative of the Urban Recycling start-up; to build housing on a listed building of historical value, without any parking area and incorporating commercial area in the main floor, in a culture where such condition is typically associated to the reality of the lower social classes, and not understood as an indispensable element for building urban quality.

ReUrbano identifies an old house of historical value that was abandoned after the death of its old occupant and engages us to transform it into a housing building. Nine apartments of various sizes and configurations are envisaged, as well as commercial area in the upfront fa?ade. The project forces us to confront the value of architectural form within the urban grid, as well as that of heritage and ways to intervene it. We seek for a discrete project, and we are overseeing to respect the spatial structure (and the essence) of the existing house.

The project maintains almost the overall existing building, beyond the dictum set by the local preservation instances establishing that only the fa?ade needs to be preserved. It is based on a detailed analysis of each of the existing elements,looking forward to generate a different reality, but in harmony with the original building: past and present coexisting, respecting and creating a new reality built up of two architectural typologies which respond to two different historic moments.

4 外景/Exterior view

5 屋頂/Roof view

The layout is structured through an outdoor sidelong corridor; the existing courtyard that provides entrance to the original house is replicated at the rear back, and therefore the two main cores to access the units are now related to each of those patios. The addition to be built on the back of the house, draws this second patio and has the form and materiality of the existing house, although it uses current technologies.

The project also grows in height, both within the existing building and by the addition of two new floors to the old house. Digging 1.5m below the street level, and building a series of intermediate levels inside the house, the interior of the existing house transforms from its original single level to up to 3 levels at some points. To highlight horizontality, the fa?ade of the first floor to be built on top of the existing building is fully glazed, in order to lighten up the weight of the new addition,as well as to differentiate the original building of the new intervention. A succession of terraces and built volumes modifies the perception of the overall building' height and slims the project, to appear as a chain of small towers and not as a continuous solid.

The volumes on the upper level have their own identity, both by the material itself, and by the colour (black, not white, to help lighten the weight of the addition). The materials enhance the generation of unique spaces inside the old and the new structure, ready to be appropriated by individual and different lifestyles. □

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

合作者/Collaborators: Olivier Arditi, Catherine Nguyen

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineering: Ricardo Camacho

建筑面積/Floor Area: 2200m2

竣工時(shí)間/Completion: 2015

攝影/Photos: Miguel de Guzmán

6 屋頂平面/Roof plan

7 屋頂/Roof view

8 四層平面/Floor 3 plan

9 三層平面/Floor 2 plan

10 二層及其夾層平面/Floor 1 and mezzanine plans

11 首層及其夾層平面/Ground floor and mezzanine plans

12.13 外景/Exterior views

14.15 縱剖面/Longitudinal sections

16.17 橫剖面/Transversal sections

18 露臺(tái)/Terrace

19-21 內(nèi)景/Interior views