陳蘭 談勇 陳淑萍
[摘要]評價在克羅米芬(CC)+促性腺激素(Gn)基礎(chǔ)上,CC與定坤丹對PCOS不孕癥患者臨床促排卵和臨床妊娠療效的研究,為中藥助孕治療提供思路和方法。選擇2015年10月1日—2017年4月23日在江蘇省中醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學(xué)科門診行促排卵治療的PCOS不孕癥患者60例。按隨機數(shù)字表法分為A組[CC+Gn+人絨毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)]和B組(CC+Gn+定坤丹)。觀察周期排卵率、周期取消率、周期妊娠率、累積妊娠率、排卵日子宮內(nèi)膜厚度、Gn使用天數(shù)和總用量、未破裂卵泡黃素化綜合征(LUFS)及卵巢過度刺激綜合征(OHSS)發(fā)生率。A組的周期排卵率、周期妊娠率、累積妊娠率及排卵日子宮內(nèi)膜厚度均小于B組,而周期取消率、Gn使用天數(shù)及總用量均大于B組,且差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<005)。該研究未出現(xiàn)1例LUFS或OHSS。CC與定坤丹對PCOS不孕癥患者具有促排效應(yīng),且CC+Gn+定坤丹聯(lián)合促排方案能顯著提高臨床妊娠率。
[關(guān)鍵詞]定坤丹; 多囊卵巢綜合征; 克羅米芬
[Abstract]The evaluation is based on clomiphene citrate (CC)+gonadotropin (Gn), clinical study on CC and Dingkun Dan′s treatment on ovulation induction and clinical pregnancy effect of PCOS, and to provide ideas and methods for traditional Chinese medicine assisted reproductive treatment This study selected 60 PCOS infertility patients treated with ovulation induction in reproductive medicine clinic, Jiangsu Province Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine during 20151001—20170423 They were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (CC+Gn+HCG) and Group B (CC+Gn+Dingkun Dan) These results were observed and compared including cycle ovulation rate, cycle cancellation rate, cycle pregnancy rate, cumulative pregnancy rate, endometrial thickness, duration of Gn, total amount of Gn, the occurring rate of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Group A had lower cycle ovulation rate, cycle pregnancy rate, cumulative pregnancy rate and endometrial thickness, compared with Group B, the difference was statistically significant(P<005) However, Group A had higher cycle cancellation rate, duration of Gn and total amount of Gn, compared with Group B, the difference was statistically significant(P<005) In this study, no case of LUFS or OHSS was found in all patients CC and Dingkun Dan had the effect of promoting ovulation on PCOS infertility patients, and CC+Gn+Dingkun Dan could elevate clinical pregnancy rate.
[Key words]Dingkun Dan; polycystic ovary syndrome; clomiphene citrate
多囊卵巢綜合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是一種以慢性無排卵、臨床/生化高雄激素血癥、多囊卵巢(polycystic ovaries,PCO)和胰島素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)為特征的婦科常見病[1]。PCOS與月經(jīng)失調(diào)、不孕及早期妊娠丟失相關(guān),并且成為女性不孕最常見的原因[23]。筆者運用定坤丹對PCOS不孕癥患者進行促排卵治療,取得較好療效,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報道如下。
1資料與方法
11PCOS的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照2003年鹿特丹ESHRE/ASRM資助的PCOS協(xié)商研討組修訂的PCOS診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]:①稀發(fā)排卵或無排卵;②高雄激素血癥的臨床和/或生化體征;③多囊卵巢(PCO:每側(cè)卵巢含有至少12個直徑2~9 mm的卵泡,和/或卵巢體積>10 mL。卵巢體積的計算方法為05×卵巢長×寬×厚)。以上3條中具備2條即可。并需排除先天性腎上腺增生、分泌雄激素的腫瘤、庫欣綜合征等疾病。不孕癥參照《婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)》診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):女性未避孕,正常性生活至少12個月而未孕。
12納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)①符合PCOS及不孕癥診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②研究前中西藥結(jié)合對癥基礎(chǔ)治療≥3個月;③2個自然周期陰道B超或BBT監(jiān)測均顯示排卵異常;④子宮輸卵管碘油造影檢查或?qū)m、腹腔鏡檢查證實至少一側(cè)輸卵管通暢;⑤配偶精液常規(guī)檢查正常;⑥自愿簽署知情同意書。endprint
13排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)①其他原因所致的與PCOS臨床和內(nèi)分泌征象相仿的疾病,如卵泡膜細胞增殖癥、卵巢或腎上腺腫瘤、腎上腺皮質(zhì)增生癥等;②陰道B超檢查有子宮畸形,子宮肌瘤及附件包塊;③其他原因?qū)е碌牟辉?;④患有?yán)重的遺傳、軀體疾病或精神心理疾患;⑤接觸致畸量的射線、毒物、藥物并處于作用期;⑥月經(jīng)周期第2~4天卵巢有≥10 mm的無回聲區(qū);⑦本研究藥物過敏者。
14一般資料選擇2015年10月1日—2017年4月23日在江蘇省中醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學(xué)科門診行促排卵治療的PCOS不孕癥患者60例。本研究經(jīng)南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院江蘇省中醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn)。
15治療方法A組:克羅米芬(clomiphene citrate,CC)+促性腺激素(gonadotropin,Gn)+人絨毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG),從月經(jīng)或撤退性出血第2~5天開始使用CC(高特制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號H20140688,50 mg/片),每次50~100 mg,每日1次,連續(xù)服用5 d。根據(jù)卵泡發(fā)育情況使用Gn[人絕經(jīng)尿促性素(human menopausal gonadotropin,HMG)樂寶得,麗珠集團,批準(zhǔn)文號H10940097,75 IU/支或麗申寶,麗珠集團,批準(zhǔn)文號H20052130,75 IU/支],每次75 IU,每日1次。周期第9天經(jīng)陰道B超對卵泡及子宮內(nèi)膜連續(xù)監(jiān)測,當(dāng)最大卵泡直徑≥16~18 mm,當(dāng)日肌肉注射HCG(麗珠集團,批準(zhǔn)文號H44020668,5 000 U/支)5 000~1萬 U,指導(dǎo)患者隔日性交1次。
B組:CC+Gn+定坤丹,CC及Gn使用與A組相同。定坤丹由紅參、鹿茸、西紅花、三七、白芍、熟地黃、當(dāng)歸、白術(shù)、枸杞子、黃芩、香附、茺蔚子、川芎、鹿角霜、阿膠、延胡索等組成(山西廣譽遠國藥有限公司生產(chǎn),批準(zhǔn)文號國藥準(zhǔn)字Z14020656,108 g/丸)口服,每次1丸,每天2次,從月經(jīng)或撤退性出血第8天開始服藥,連續(xù)服用7 d。周期第9天經(jīng)陰道B超對卵泡及子宮內(nèi)膜連續(xù)監(jiān)測,當(dāng)最大卵泡直徑≥16~18 mm,指導(dǎo)患者隔日性交,直至排卵或已超出預(yù)計排卵日1周且陰道B超監(jiān)測卵泡異常增大或已明顯縮小。
所有患者排卵后給予地屈孕酮(Abbott,批準(zhǔn)文號H20130110,10 mg/片)40 mg·d-1,口服。排卵后14 d測血βHCG或尿HCG,排卵后35 d陰道B超看到子宮腔內(nèi)有妊娠囊及胎心搏動為臨床妊娠。
16觀察指標(biāo)觀察周期排卵率、周期取消率、周期妊娠率、累積妊娠率、排卵日子宮內(nèi)膜厚度、Gn使用天數(shù)、Gn總用量、未破裂卵泡黃素化綜合征(luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome,LUFS)及卵巢過度刺激綜合征(ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,OHSS)發(fā)生率等。
17療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及內(nèi)容①痊愈:尿HCG或血βHCG陽性,陰道B超檢查顯示孕囊和胎心搏動為臨床妊娠;②有效:治療周期中陰道B超檢測,有排卵但未受孕;③無效:治療周期中陰道B 超檢測,無優(yōu)勢卵泡。
18統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法用SPSS 210軟件進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,計量資料以±s表示,對各組變量進行正態(tài)性檢驗,對非正態(tài)性數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)變換進一步分析,各組樣本均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD法;以P<005為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,P<001為差異有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
21一般情況比較納入的受試者按隨機數(shù)字表法分A,B 2組,每組30例。2組患者年齡、不孕年限比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(表1)。
22促排卵效果比較A組的周期排卵率、周期妊娠率、累積妊娠率及排卵日子宮內(nèi)膜厚度均小于B組,而周期取消率、Gn使用天數(shù)及總用量均大于B組,且差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<005)。本研究未出現(xiàn)LUFS或OHSS(表2)。
23臨床療效比較B組的痊愈率高于A組,而無效率低于A組,且差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<005)(表3)。
24安全性評估2組患者治療后進行血、尿常規(guī)及肝腎功能檢查均未見明顯異常。
3討論
目前推薦CC作為PCOS相關(guān)性不孕癥的主要治療方法,其具有排卵率高、多胎妊娠風(fēng)險適中、治療簡單價廉等優(yōu)點[5],并且CC治療PCOS患者的妊娠率與HCG日優(yōu)勢卵泡大小無關(guān)[6]。雖然CC是PCOS的一線治療用藥,但是大約15%~40% PCOS患者對CC抵抗[7]。有許多因素可以預(yù)測CC誘導(dǎo)排卵的效果,如體重指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、總睪酮(total testosterone,TT)、抗苗勒氏管激素(anti mullerian hormone,AMH)、卵巢體積、卵巢間質(zhì)動脈搏動指數(shù)、內(nèi)臟脂肪面積、促炎性細胞因子等[78]。Xi W等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小竇狀卵泡合成的AMH[10]是PCOS患者CC促排卵最有效的預(yù)測因子,且當(dāng)AMH為777 mg·L-1時預(yù)測特異性達92%,敏感性達65%。而Vaiarelli A等[11]卻認(rèn)為AMH的預(yù)測作用非常有限。在CC治療前通過改變生活方式(包括限制熱量的攝入、減肥藥物、行為矯正、運動)和/或連續(xù)口服避孕藥可以提高促排卵的效果[12]。Paulson M等[13]研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)通過飲食管理與體育鍛煉能顯著提供CC的促排效果。而Foroozanfard F等[14]通過給予超重或肥胖的PCOS患者連續(xù)12周以水果、蔬菜、全谷物、低脂肪乳制品為主的飲食治療顯著提高CC的促排卵率。Ding N等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)黃體晚期及早卵泡期CC對PCOS患者的促排效果更佳,Elbohoty A E等[16]的研究亦得出相似的結(jié)論。
Gn作為二線治療用藥[17]。Birch Petersen K等[5]通過對PCOS患者單排卵的臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn),低劑量Gn遞增方案對PCOS患者有高效的促排效果,尤其在生活方式干預(yù)治療后。Hassan A等[18]研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)Gn對CC抵抗的PCOS患者有較好的促排效果,但成本較高。而且Gn促排更容易發(fā)生OHSS和卵巢囊腫,因此Salaheldin AbdelHamid A M等[19]建議用CC遞增方案替代Gn。endprint
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),B組(CC+Gn+定坤丹)的周期排卵率顯著高于A組(CC+Gn +HCG)(P<001),說明定坤丹不僅具有促進卵泡排出的作用而且其效果優(yōu)于HCG。同時B組周期取消率、Gn使用天數(shù)及總用量均顯著低于A組(P<001),說明CC+Gn+定坤丹用于PCOS患者促排卵治療較目前臨床常用的CC+Gn+HCG更佳經(jīng)濟省時。宋玉榮等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)定坤丹對于多囊卵巢模型大鼠有促排卵作用,其機制可能通過調(diào)節(jié)下丘腦垂體卵巢軸,降低黃體生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)及睪酮(testosterone,T),升高卵泡刺激素(folliclestimulating hormone,F(xiàn)SH),抑制卵巢血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表達,抑制卵巢新生血管形成,改善卵巢血流,提高卵泡質(zhì)量,促進卵巢排卵。
本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),B組(CC+Gn+定坤丹)的排卵日子宮內(nèi)膜厚度大于A組(CC+Gn+HCG)(P<001)。易星星等[21]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)定坤丹與戊酸雌二醇均可使患者子宮內(nèi)膜增厚,但在增加月經(jīng)量、改善臨床癥狀及總療效方面,定坤丹更具優(yōu)勢。而且定坤丹具有提高子宮內(nèi)膜容受性作用,機制可能與改善大鼠體內(nèi)激素分泌、降低T、上調(diào)同源框蛋白A10(homeobox protein A10,HOXA10)表達有關(guān)[20]。這可能是B組妊娠率高于A組的可能機制之一。
定坤丹始于清代乾隆年間,雖有幾百年的歷史,但有關(guān)研究在最近幾十年才逐漸增多[22]。李啟佳等[23]應(yīng)用紅外熱成像技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)定坤丹靶向藥效集中在生殖相關(guān)區(qū)域。本研究旨在為PCOS不孕癥患者提供一個既簡單方便、安全有效,又經(jīng)濟省時的促排方案,并為中藥助孕治療提供思路和方法。但是由于樣本量有限,因此尚需進一步擴大樣本量以驗證其療效與安全性,更需要進一步摸索合適的用藥量及用藥時間,以期達到更佳的臨床療效。
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