李 威,文志剛,徐耀輝,朱翠山,高永亮
(1.長江大學(xué) 資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院,長江大學(xué)油氣資源與勘探技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,湖北 武漢 430100;2.中國石油 勘探開發(fā)研究院,北京 100083)
重排藿烷參數(shù)示蹤隴東地區(qū)油藏充注途徑
李 威1,2,文志剛1,徐耀輝1,朱翠山1,高永亮1
(1.長江大學(xué) 資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院,長江大學(xué)油氣資源與勘探技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,湖北 武漢 430100;2.中國石油 勘探開發(fā)研究院,北京 100083)
重排藿烷/藿烷比值;充注途徑;長7油層組;隴東地區(qū);鄂爾多斯盆地
重排藿烷類化合物在地質(zhì)體中廣泛分布于烴源巖與原油中,是飽和烴生物標(biāo)志化合物的重要組成部分。重排藿烷類是指與正常藿烷有相同的碳環(huán)骨架,而甲基側(cè)鏈碳位有所不同的一類生物標(biāo)志物,在烴源巖和原油中存在多種同系物。目前被檢測和確認(rèn)的有4種類型,分別為18α(H)-新藿烷、17α(H)-重排藿烷、21-甲基-28-降藿烷和早洗脫重排藿烷,其中17α(H)-重排藿烷系列與18α(H)-新藿烷系列在地質(zhì)體中分布廣泛[1-4]。
在近幾年對(duì)鄂爾多斯盆地地質(zhì)、地化研究的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇延長組致密油發(fā)育段,探索運(yùn)用重排藿烷參數(shù)示蹤原油的充注運(yùn)移途徑,以期展示重排藿烷在運(yùn)移研究方面的應(yīng)用前景。
隴東地區(qū)位于鄂爾多斯盆地西南部,構(gòu)造平緩,以巖性圈閉油藏為主,其中致密油主要發(fā)育于延長組長6—長8段。本次研究不僅收集和調(diào)研前人所做的部分資料,同時(shí)大量采集烴源巖和原油樣品,其中有針對(duì)性地采集了延長組長3—長9油層組的14塊泥巖樣品,采集的40個(gè)原油樣品主要來自長7油層組。在對(duì)源巖進(jìn)行熱解分析的同時(shí),對(duì)原油、烴源巖進(jìn)行族組分分離、飽和烴氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜定量分析及芳烴氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜分析等多項(xiàng)分析測試。分析測試由長江大學(xué)油氣資源與勘探技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成。
進(jìn)一步分析族組分中的芳烴結(jié)構(gòu),通過色譜-質(zhì)譜實(shí)驗(yàn)檢查出的230余種芳香烴系列化合物,主要為8個(gè)系列,包括萘系列、菲系列、系列、二苯并噻吩系列、聯(lián)苯系列、二苯并呋喃系列、芴系列和三芳甾烷系列化合物。對(duì)于芳烴中的含硫類化合物,王鐵冠[15]認(rèn)為含硫芳烴類化合物主要為烷基二苯并噻吩類(DBTs)雜環(huán)化合物。DBTs分子參數(shù)研究應(yīng)用較成熟,國內(nèi)外絕大多數(shù)研究者都用來作為成熟度參數(shù),Connan等人[16]和Radke[17]定義了“甲基二苯并噻吩(MDBT)比值”(MDR=4-MDBT/1-MDBT),作為有效的成熟度參數(shù),MDR參數(shù)既適用于石油熱演化作用早、中期的低成熟-成熟階段0,又可應(yīng)用于晚期的高成熟-過成熟階段。對(duì)于DBTs的影響因素,前人研究認(rèn)為有機(jī)質(zhì)類型和沉積環(huán)境等因素對(duì)DBTs類豐度以及其成熟度參數(shù)MDR等有影響[15,18]。結(jié)合上文分析豐度和MDR均受沉積-有機(jī)相的影響。同時(shí)圖2b顯示,源巖中原始重排藿烷/C30藿烷)參數(shù)與成熟度參數(shù)Ts/Tm變化趨勢極為相似,正相關(guān)性明顯,表明比值與MDR比值類似,在成熟度方面也有顯著的應(yīng)用效果。這一點(diǎn)前人做過諸多研究,一致認(rèn)為重排藿烷類化合物相對(duì)豐度在成熟-高成熟階段與熱成熟作用更為密切[11],即參數(shù)在影響因素及在成熟度方面的顯著效果都與DBTs類分子參數(shù)MDR相似。分析二苯并噻吩系列中化合物豐度及各類參數(shù)與重排藿烷的關(guān)系(圖2b)可以看出重排藿烷/C30藿烷)參數(shù)與MDR參數(shù)相關(guān)性最好。這表明,縱然兩種化合物的分子結(jié)構(gòu)不同,當(dāng)烴源巖處于成熟-高成熟階段時(shí),兩參數(shù)在應(yīng)用方面可能具有相同的屬性和意義。
圖1 隴東地區(qū)烴源巖及原油樣品m/z 191 質(zhì)量色譜Fig.1 m/z 191 mass chromatograms of source rock extracts and crude samples from Longdong areaX.早洗脫重排藿烷;重排藿烷;重排藿烷;C30 H.C30藿烷;C29 Ts.C29降新藿烷;Ts.C27三降新藿烷;Tm.C27三降藿烷
圖2 隴東地區(qū)源巖地球化學(xué)剖面Fig.2 Geochemical profiles of source rocks from Longdong area重排藿烷;重排藿烷;C29Ts.C29降新藿烷;Ts.C27三降新藿烷;Tm.C27三降藿烷;F.芴;SF.二苯并噻吩;OF.二苯并呋喃;MDR.4-MDBT/1-MDBT,甲基二苯并噻吩比值
2.2.1 原油族群劃分
油藏充注機(jī)理是建立在England[19]提出的油藏充注模式的基礎(chǔ)上的,依據(jù)油藏內(nèi)部原油成熟度的微細(xì)變化,可以表征石油運(yùn)移與油藏充注的途徑:在一個(gè)油藏/油田或者一個(gè)含油氣區(qū)帶范圍內(nèi),源自同一烴源灶的原油,先期充注的石油成熟度較后期充注的石油成熟度相對(duì)偏低,成熟度相對(duì)最高的石油分布在最接近油藏充注點(diǎn)的地帶。前人[20-26]研究認(rèn)為,二苯并噻吩分子系由兩個(gè)苯環(huán)間夾一個(gè)五元的噻吩環(huán)所組成,對(duì)稱性的分子結(jié)構(gòu)使其分子的環(huán)系具有很高的熱穩(wěn)定性與抗生物降解性,同時(shí)具有示蹤原油充注運(yùn)移的屬性。MDR為甲基二苯并噻吩比值(4- MDBT/1-MDBT),利用MDR在碎屑巖油藏和碳酸鹽巖油藏中示蹤運(yùn)移充注機(jī)理均得到良好的應(yīng)用效果。王鐵冠等[15]依據(jù)熱穩(wěn)定性及分子氫鍵機(jī)理解釋了MDR參數(shù)作為運(yùn)移示蹤參數(shù)的原理:熱穩(wěn)定性方面,4-MDBT穩(wěn)定性大于1-MDBT;氫鍵形成難易度上,4-MDBT屬于暴露型分子,氫鍵易于形成,1-MDBT屬于屏蔽型分子,氫鍵相對(duì)不易形成。因此,作為兩分子參數(shù)的比值,隨著運(yùn)移距離的增長MDR值下降,這也說明了MDR是一個(gè)良好的示蹤運(yùn)移的指標(biāo)。
圖3 隴東地區(qū)原油地球化學(xué)成因判別Fig.3 Geochemical genesis discrimination diagrams of crude samples from Longdong areaa.C27-C28-C29規(guī)則甾烷分布三角圖;b.Pr/nC17-Ph/nC18沉積環(huán)境判別圖;c.G/C30H(伽馬蠟烷/藿烷)-升藿烷指數(shù)相關(guān)圖
圖4 隴東地區(qū)原油成熟度分布Fig.4 Maturity distribution of crude samples from Longdong areaa.C29甾烷異構(gòu)體參數(shù)相關(guān)圖;b.甲基菲參數(shù)(MPI1)成熟度相關(guān)圖
圖5 藿烷系列結(jié)構(gòu)Fig.5 Structures of hopane compounds
圖6 隴東地區(qū)與DBTs類分子參數(shù)相關(guān)圖Fig.6 Correlation diagrams of /C30H and DBTs molecular parameters of samples from Longdong area與MDR相關(guān)圖;與DMDBT′相關(guān)圖
圖7 隴東地區(qū)長7砂體與運(yùn)移方向匹配圖Fig.7 Matching relationship between sandbodies in the seventh member of the Yanchang Formation and crude oil migration direction
致謝:承蒙長江大學(xué)包建平教授、何文祥教授、陳奇老師、宋換新老師對(duì)論文的悉心指導(dǎo)與諸多有益建議,一并致以誠摯謝忱!
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Hydrocarbon charging pathway tracing with rearranged hopane parameters in Longdong area,Ordos Basin
Li Wei1,2,Wen Zhigang1,Xu Yaohui1,Zhu Cuishan1,Gao Yongliang1
(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,KeyLaboratoryofExplorationTechnologiesforOilandGasResources,MinistryofEducation,YangtzeUniversity,Wuhan,Hubei430100,China; 2.PetroChinaResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&Development,Beijing100083,China)
rearranged hopane/hopane ratio,charging pathway,seventh member of the Yanchang Formation,Longdong area,Ordos Basin
2016-06-29;
2017-06-14。
李威(1988—),男,博士研究生,礦產(chǎn)普查與勘探。E-mail:liwei123456@petrochina.com.cn。
文志剛(1965—),男,博士、博士生導(dǎo)師,有機(jī)地球化學(xué)及石油地質(zhì)學(xué)。E-mail:wzg728@sina.com。
中國石油天然氣股份有限公司科技創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(2008D-5006-01-10);中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局“中國中東部構(gòu)造體系控油作用研究”項(xiàng)目(1212011120965)。
0253-9985(2017)05-0887-09
10.11743/ogg20170507
TE122.1
A
(編輯 李 軍)