徐建剛
摘要:由于在小學階段,學生對于詞匯、語法等知識的掌握還處于初級階段,完整地寫作一篇文章可能還有一定的難度,因此,教師應根據(jù)學生的年齡段和知識水平,利用微寫作這種方式,對學生進行寫作訓練,來發(fā)展學生的思維能力。
關鍵詞:英語“微寫作”;連貫性;具體性
中圖分類號:G623.31文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2017)19-091-1
英語寫作,是一種綜合性的思維活動,是學生對基礎知識掌握程度的一種體現(xiàn),也是學生思維品質的一種延伸。由于小學生英語詞匯量很小,再加上他們的語言組織能力、寫作能力比較薄弱,所以,如果一開始就對他們提出較高的寫作要求,可能會導致收效甚微,欲速而不達。此時,教師引導學生進行“微作文”寫作訓練,不失為一種培養(yǎng)學生寫作能力的好方法。下面筆者談談“微作文”寫作的要求。
一、寫得連貫,發(fā)展思維的流暢性
1.按時間描寫
案例一、6A Unit 2 Think and write. 要求學生寫出上周日和家人或者朋友做了什么事情。教師可以先通過以下問題來讓學生進行討論。1. What did you do in the morning last Sunday? 2. Where did you go? What did you do then? 3. When did you have lunch? What did you do after that? 4. When did you go back home? 5. How did you feel?結合學生的回答教師板書: in the morning, then, after that,同時,教師可以引導學生運用first, then, next, finally等學過的連詞進行微寫作。微寫作作品:
I went to Changshu with my friends last Sunday. We went there at nine oclock in the morning by bus. First, we went to climb Yushan Hill, we saw many beautiful flowers there. We had lunch on the hill. After that ,we went to Shanghu lake, we played games together there. At about four in the afternoon, we went back home, we had a good time.
2.按空間順序進行描寫
案例二、6A Unit 6 Look and say.描寫一間雜亂的房間。What makes the room dirty and messy?教師首先呈現(xiàn)房間圖片,請學生說說看到了什么臟亂的地方,由于觀察的方式和角度不同,學生的回答并無一定的順序,教師可以根據(jù)學生的回答,按照空間的順序在黑板上板書內容。接下來,教師呈現(xiàn)一些裝垃圾或者雜物的器具,讓學生將圖片中的雜物垃圾歸類到不同的器具中。(如書包,盒子,籃子,垃圾桶等)。然后根據(jù)所提供的句式...make(s) ... dirty / messy. To keep the... clean,we can...讓學生進行寫作嘗試。最后,問學生What should we do in our daily life to keep our room clean?微寫作作品:
The dirty clothes make the sofa messy. The rubbish makes the table dirty and messy. The toys, the socks, the books ,the crayons and the rubbish make the floor dirty and messy. To keep the room clean, we can put the dirty clothes in a box or a basket. We can put toys in the box too. We can put the books and the crayons in the schoolbag. We can put the rubbish in the bin. We should sweep the floor and clean the table every day. We should put our things in order.
二、寫得具體,發(fā)展思維的豐富性
1.有內容
任何一篇文章,如果沒有實質的內容,就無法成為一篇好的文章,英語寫作也是如此。在指導學生進行微寫作的過程中,教師必須要重視文章內容的真實性,一定要從學生的生活實際出發(fā),寫具體的內容,這樣才能讓學生有話可說。比如學習完成6A Unit 3 My holiday后,教師可以順勢問學生:Where did you go on National Day? What did you see? What did you do? How did you feel?由于所問問題均是學生在過去的假期當中經歷過的事情,他們就會有具體的內容所寫。下面是其中一位學生的微寫作作品。
My holiday
I went to Beijing with my parents for the National Day holiday. I saw many interesting things there.
I climbed the Great Wall on the first day. It was so tired to climb it, but we were very excited. We took many photos there.endprint
On the second day, we visited the Palace Museum and Tiananmen Square.
On the third day, we went to Beijing University and Qinghua University. I hope I can study there when I grow up.
We had a good time in Beijing. I hope to go there again.
2.有細節(jié)
在英語教材當中,有很多的根據(jù)圖片寫話的練習。教師可以引導學生觀察圖片的細節(jié),將文章寫具體。如五年級下冊Unit 6 Checkout time中,要求學生觀察各位同學在廚房幫忙的圖片并結合現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)說出各個人物在做些什么。學生們根據(jù)本單元所學內容,很容易地運用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)表達了各個人物所做的行為。...is / are doing...但是筆者覺得僅僅機械地完成課本內容還遠遠不夠,可以利用這幅圖讓學生進行更細致的描寫。因此在讓學生表達完各個人物的動作之后,拋出了以下問題:1. When they are helping, how do they feel? 2. Why are they cooking so much food?讓學生去找出圖片當中的一些細節(jié)以及圖片隱藏的一些信息。就得到了以下這篇微寫作作品:
Today is Liu Taos birthday. He asks his friends to his home. Now they are helping Liu Taos mother in the kitchen. Mike is cooking a fish, he is good at cooking fish. Nancy is cooking soup, it smells nice. Yang Ling is cooking vegetables. Su Hai and Su Yang are making fruit salad. They work together. Wang Bing and Liu Tao cant cook, so Wang Bing is washing dishes and Liu Tao is cleaning. Liu Taos mother is watching them happily.
總之,學生的寫作水平的提高是一個漫長的過程,絕不可能一蹴而就,教師要充分調動學生寫作的積極性,結合學生的實際,給學生多創(chuàng)設微寫作的機會,通過學生寫作水平的提高,提升他們的英語能力,發(fā)展他們的思維能力。endprint