王詠梅,崔月欣,范立加,尹潔
(1.河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院 婦產(chǎn)科,河北 石家莊 050011;2.河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)研究生院,河北 石家莊050011;3.河北石家莊市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)阜康社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心 中醫(yī)科,河北 石家莊 050000)
產(chǎn)前監(jiān)測(cè)血清脂氧素A4和熱休克蛋白70水平對(duì)診斷子癇前期的臨床價(jià)值
王詠梅1,崔月欣2,范立加3,尹潔1
(1.河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院 婦產(chǎn)科,河北 石家莊 050011;2.河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)研究生院,河北 石家莊050011;3.河北石家莊市長(zhǎng)安區(qū)阜康社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心 中醫(yī)科,河北 石家莊 050000)
目的探討產(chǎn)前監(jiān)測(cè)血清脂氧素A4(LXA4)、熱休克蛋白70(HSP70)水平對(duì)診斷子癇前期的臨床價(jià)值。方法選取2014年6月-2016年7月在該院產(chǎn)科行產(chǎn)前檢查并住院分娩的單胎妊娠孕婦128例。其中,發(fā)生子癇前期的60例孕婦作為觀察組,包括:輕度子癇前期組27例,早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組20例,晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期組13例。正常妊娠的68例孕婦作為對(duì)照組。分娩前抽取空腹血,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定法(ELISA)檢測(cè)各組孕婦血清中LXA4、HSP70表達(dá)水平,并進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果輕度及重度子癇前期組孕婦血清LXA4水平均低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),且輕度子癇前期組孕婦血清LXA4水平高于重度子癇前期組(P<0.05),早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組孕婦血清LXA4水平與晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);輕度及重度子癇前期組孕婦血清HSP70水平均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),輕度子癇前期組孕婦血清HSP70水平低于重度子癇前期組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論子癇前期患者產(chǎn)前血清LXA4水平降低、HSP70水平升高,且疾病程度越重,血清LXA4水平越低、HSP70水平越高,聯(lián)合監(jiān)測(cè)血清LXA4、HSP70水平對(duì)診斷子癇前期具有較高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
脂氧素A4;熱休克蛋白70;子癇前期;酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value of serum lipoxin A4 (LXA4)and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)levels in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.Methods A total of 128 cases of singleton pregnancy scheduled for prenatal check-ups and hospital deliveries in our hospital from June 2014 to July 2016 were included in the study for retrospective data analysis.Of 60 cases with pre-eclampsia selected as the observation group,27 cases were defined as the mild pre-eclampsia group,33 cases were defined as severe pre-eclampsia group which included 20 cases of early-onset severe pre-eclampsia and 13 cases of late-onset severe pre-eclampsia;while 68 cases of normal pregnancy were selected from the remaining patients as the control group.Fasting blood samples were collected before delivery,the expression levels of LXA4 and HSP70 in the groups of pregnant women were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the expression levels were compared and analyzed.ResultsThe levels of serum LXA4 in the mild and the severe pre-eclampsia group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the difference was statisticallysignificant(P<0.05);and the level of serum LXA4 in the mild pre-eclampsia group was higher than that in the severe one(P<0.05);there was no significant difference for the levels of serum LXA4 between the early and the late onset severe pre-eclampsia group (P>0.05).The levels of serum HSP70 in the mild and the severe pre-eclampsia group were higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05),the serum HSP70 level of the mild pre-eclampsia group was lower than that of the severe pre-eclampsia group(P<0.05).ConclusionsThe level of serum LXA4 is significantly decreased,while the level of HSP70 is significantly increased in pre-eclampsia patients.And the more severe the disease is,the lower the level of serum LXA4 is,and the higher the level of HSP70 is.Combined monitoring of serum LXA4 and HSP70 is of great value levels in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.
Keywords:lipoxin A4;heat shock protein 70;pre-eclampsia;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
子癇前期(pre-eclampsia,PE)是指懷孕前血壓正常的孕婦在妊娠>20周出現(xiàn)高血壓、蛋白尿、水腫以及其他終末器官損害為主要特征的一組妊娠期高血壓疾病的總稱[1]。PE是引起孕產(chǎn)婦與胎兒死亡的主要原因之一,其發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全闡述清楚[2]。目前,臨床上對(duì)PE的治療以解痙降壓,適時(shí)終止妊娠為主,缺乏有效的早期干預(yù)手段。如能加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)前監(jiān)測(cè),在早于癥狀出現(xiàn)之前篩查出高危患者,及時(shí)采取干預(yù)措施,對(duì)減少產(chǎn)后并發(fā)癥、降低母嬰死亡率具有積極意義。PE的好發(fā)因素包括肥胖、脂代謝紊亂及胰島素抵抗等,其病理特征包括炎癥、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷及氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)等[3],心血管疾病的好發(fā)因素與病理特征與PE基本一致。有研究表明,心血管疾病患者體內(nèi)熱休克蛋白 70(heat shock protein 70,HSP70)水平升高,且疾病越嚴(yán)重,HSP70表達(dá)量越多[4];脂氧素 A4(lipoxin A4,LXA4)是一種炎癥抑制因子,PE的發(fā)生與機(jī)體存在過度激活的炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)[5],關(guān)于LXA4在PE患者體內(nèi)的表達(dá)情況研究相對(duì)較少。本研究回顧性分析2014年6月-2016年7月于河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第四醫(yī)院產(chǎn)科接受產(chǎn)檢并住院分娩的單胎妊娠孕婦的臨床資料,探討產(chǎn)前監(jiān)測(cè)血清LXA4、HSP70水平對(duì)診斷子癇前期的臨床價(jià)值,旨在為子癇前期的早期干預(yù)提供對(duì)策,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
選取2014年6月-2016年7月于本院產(chǎn)科接受產(chǎn)前檢查并住院分娩的孕婦128例為研究對(duì)象。年齡21~42歲,平均(28.37±12.10)歲。子癇前期的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照第8版《婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)》[6],其中重度子癇前期的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù):妊娠>20周出現(xiàn)血壓>160/110 mmHg;尿蛋白定量>2.0 g/24 h或隨機(jī)尿蛋白多于“++”;血清肌酐濃度 >106 μmol/L,血小板計(jì)數(shù)<100×109/L;血乳酸脫氫酶升高;血清谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶或谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶升高;持續(xù)性頭痛或其他腦神經(jīng)或視覺障礙;持續(xù)性上腹不適。早發(fā)型重度子癇前期發(fā)病孕周≤34周,早發(fā)型重度子癇前期發(fā)病孕周>34周。病例納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①自然受孕且為單胎妊娠,無高血壓、糖尿病或心臟病等家族史;②無肝炎和結(jié)核等傳染病史;③血尿常規(guī)、凝血功能等檢查結(jié)果正常;④排除風(fēng)濕、類風(fēng)濕及紅斑狼瘡等自身免疫性疾病,腫瘤史;⑤胎膜早破,孕期發(fā)生除高血壓外的其他并發(fā)癥及合并癥。
采用回顧性資料分析方法,對(duì)本研究中所有孕婦的病歷資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。將本研究中發(fā)生子癇前期的60例孕婦作為觀察組,其中,輕度子癇前期組27例,早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組20例,晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期組13例,余下正常妊娠的68例孕婦作為對(duì)照組。比較各組孕婦年齡、體重指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、收縮壓、舒張壓、孕產(chǎn)次及孕周等資料。所有孕婦入院分娩前,抽取清晨空腹血3 ml,1 000 r/min離心5 min,分取上層血清,置入-80℃冰箱冷凍保存待測(cè)。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)檢測(cè)3組孕婦血清中LXA4、HSP70表達(dá)水平[7-8],并進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。LXA4檢測(cè)試劑盒(購自美國R&D公司),HSP70檢測(cè)試劑盒(購自上海西唐生物科技有限公司),均嚴(yán)格按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行操作。
數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)先行正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)和方差齊性檢驗(yàn)后,多組均數(shù)比較用單因素方差分析,兩兩間比較用LSD-t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
各組孕婦的年齡、BMI、收縮壓、舒張壓及孕產(chǎn)次等一般臨床資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組孕婦孕周均小于正常妊娠組與晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組與正常妊娠組:t=5.993,P=0.023;早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組與晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期組:t=7.602,P=0.006)。見表1。
表1 孕婦一般臨床資料比較 (±s)
表1 孕婦一般臨床資料比較 (±s)
組別年齡/歲BMI/(kg/m2)輕度子癇前期組(n=27) 28.95±13.14 22.27±3.09早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組(n=20) 27.23±9.32 23.21±2.28晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期組(n=13) 26.90±10.42 22.75±1.97正常妊娠組(n=68) 27.62±12.84 23.58±3.17 F值 2.876 2.971 P值 0.074 0.072收縮壓/mmHg 舒張壓/mmHg 孕次/次106.57±12.80 67.87±5.92 2.13±0.34 107.24±13.23 66.59±4.85 2.02±0.27 110.41±14.81 67.03±3.37 2.13±0.34 106.93±10.56 66.97±3.36 2.25±0.46 1.873 2.081 2.136 0.122 0.102 0.099產(chǎn)次/次 孕周/周0.97±0.04 37.82±1.30 1.03±0.05 28.45±1.39 1.10±0.02 36.72±1.42 1.02±0.02 37.49±1.26 2.258 14.174 0.093 0.001
輕度及重度子癇前期組孕婦血清LXA4水平均低于正常妊娠組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(輕度子癇前期組與正常妊娠組:t=4.672,P=0.030;重度子癇前期組與正常妊娠組:t=13.672,P=0.001),且輕度子癇前期組孕婦血清LXA4水平高于重度子癇前期組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(輕度子癇前期組與重度子癇前期組:t=7.093,P=0.008),但早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組孕婦血清LXA4水平與晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(早發(fā)型重度子癇前期組與晚發(fā)型重度子癇前期組:t=0.995,P=0.092);輕度及重度子癇前期組孕婦血清HSP70水平均高于正常妊娠組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(輕度子癇前期組與正常妊娠組:t=7.321,P=0.007;重度子癇前期組與正常妊娠組:t=14.521,P=0.001),且輕度子癇前期組孕婦血清HSP70水平低于重度子癇前期組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(輕度子癇前期組與重度子癇前期組:t=6.002,P=0.028)。見表2。
表2 孕婦血清LXA4和HSP70的表達(dá)水平比較 (±s)
表2 孕婦血清LXA4和HSP70的表達(dá)水平比較 (±s)
組別例數(shù)LXA4/(pg/ml)HSP70/(ng/ml)輕度子癇前期組 27 407.24±32.76 2.974±0.863重度子癇前期組 33 310.49±26.81 7.231±1.052正常妊娠組 68 603.34±65.89 0.482±0.071 F值 24.852 36.921 P值 0.014 0.006
近年來,產(chǎn)科學(xué)者在對(duì)PE發(fā)病機(jī)制的深入探討中,發(fā)現(xiàn)在遺傳背景下,PE的發(fā)生是母胎界面免疫適應(yīng)不良,引起局部與全身過度激活的炎癥反應(yīng),最終導(dǎo)致高血壓和腎臟病變的一組綜合征[9],其主要病理機(jī)制是子宮螺旋動(dòng)脈重鑄受限、胎盤滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞分化異?;蛱ケP淺著床等使胎盤缺血缺氧,導(dǎo)致大量炎癥介質(zhì)進(jìn)入母體血液循環(huán),造成抗炎與致炎癥反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)失衡,直接或間接導(dǎo)致母體血管內(nèi)皮功能損傷,血管通透性增高,從而出現(xiàn)水腫、血壓升高和蛋白尿[10-11]。妊娠過程中,適度的炎癥反應(yīng)是正常的生理變化,是母胎機(jī)體相互適應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)。但是過度的炎癥反應(yīng)伴隨著大量炎癥介質(zhì)的釋放,使母體血管內(nèi)皮損傷加重,進(jìn)而引發(fā)病理性妊娠。LXA4是一種炎癥抑制因子,能有效調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞炎性氧化損傷,被譽(yù)為炎癥反應(yīng)的“剎車信號(hào)”,LXA4對(duì)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷的修復(fù)發(fā)揮重要作用。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)[12],高血壓疾病小鼠靜脈注射LXA4后,局部與全身血壓下降,對(duì)正常小鼠血壓則無影響;THOMSON等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PE孕婦滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞分泌的15-羥二十碳四烯酸與正常孕婦相比增加,而15-羥二十碳四烯酸是合成LXA4的必需前體;吳敏等[14]研究表明,LXA4能促進(jìn)SPE患者外周血中性粒細(xì)胞凋亡,從而減少血管內(nèi)皮損傷;WANG等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),LXA4通過減少PE患者單核細(xì)胞釋放白介素1,達(dá)到對(duì)抗過度炎癥反應(yīng)的作用。上述結(jié)果表明,LXA4作為一種促進(jìn)炎癥/免疫反應(yīng)消退因子,參與PE的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。正常妊娠時(shí),胎盤組織的發(fā)育過程中伴隨著炎癥和低氧信號(hào)的刺激,HSP家族在胎盤組織中適度表達(dá),對(duì)于維持細(xì)胞的正常生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育發(fā)揮著重要作用。但當(dāng)母體發(fā)生過度炎癥反應(yīng)時(shí),HSP大量釋放,其攜帶具有免疫原性的多肽,可通過相關(guān)機(jī)制產(chǎn)生免疫應(yīng)答。在PE的缺血再灌注氧化應(yīng)激模型研究中,HUNG等[16]發(fā)現(xiàn),胎盤組織中HSP70水平升高,說明HSP70參與PE的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。
本研究結(jié)果表明,輕度與重度子癇前期組血清LXA4水平低于正常妊娠組,說明PE發(fā)生時(shí)母體過度的系統(tǒng)性炎癥反應(yīng)導(dǎo)致LXA4合成受阻,抗炎與致炎癥反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)失衡失調(diào),引起PE癥狀的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及持續(xù);本研究中,輕度及重度子癇前期組血清HSP70水平均高于正常妊娠組,與正常妊娠過程比較,PE發(fā)生時(shí)母體血流動(dòng)力學(xué)變化、氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)、胎盤缺血缺氧及母體全身免疫反應(yīng)程度加劇,該因素均能使HSP70表達(dá)水平增加[17],加之PE系統(tǒng)性炎癥與肝細(xì)胞損傷等因素也可能造成HSP70水平增高。此外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),輕度子癇前期組孕婦血清LXA4水平高于重度子癇前期組,且HSP70水平低于重度子癇前期組,提示外周血液循環(huán)中LXA4水平降低、HSP70水平升高可能與PE疾病嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān),這有待于進(jìn)一步深入研究。
綜上所述,子癇前期患者產(chǎn)前血清LXA4水平降低、HSP70水平升高,且疾病程度越重,血清LXA4水平越低、HSP70水平越高,聯(lián)合監(jiān)測(cè)血清LXA4、HSP70水平對(duì)診斷子癇前期具有較高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
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Clinical value of serum LXA4 and HSP70 levels in diagnosis of pre-eclampsia
Yong-mei Wang1,Yue-xin Cui2,Li-jia Fan3,Jie Yin1
(1.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050011,China;2.Graduate School of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050011,China;3.Fukang Community Health Service Center of Changan District,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050000,China)
R714.245
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.21.021
1005-8982(2017)21-0109-04
2016-09-29