魏 萊,榮愈平,劉勝武,趙端儀
白藜蘆醇對(duì)腸缺血再灌注損傷的保護(hù)作用
魏 萊1,2,榮愈平3,劉勝武1,趙端儀2
目的探討白藜蘆醇(Resveratrol,RSV)對(duì)腸缺血再灌注損傷的作用及分子機(jī)制。方法30只SD大鼠隨機(jī)分成假手術(shù)組(Sham組)、腸缺血再灌注損傷組(IRI組)和白藜蘆醇預(yù)處理組(RSV組)。檢測(cè)各組沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子1(SIRT1)、乙?;痯53(Acetylp53)、p53、bax、bcl-2、凋亡誘導(dǎo)因子(AIF)和TUNEL,觀察腸組織病理形態(tài)。結(jié)果與Sham組相比,IRI組腸組織病理形態(tài)改變以及Acetylp53、bax、細(xì)胞漿AIF、TUNEL表達(dá)明顯增加,而SIRT1和bcl-2表達(dá)明顯降低。與IRI組相比,RSV組腸組織病理形態(tài)改變及Acetylp53、bax、細(xì)胞漿AIF、TUNEL表達(dá)明顯減少,而SIRT1和bcl-2表達(dá)明顯增加。此外,三組之間p53表達(dá)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論RSV可通過(guò)抗凋亡減輕腸缺血再灌注損傷,其作用機(jī)制與SIRT1/p53信號(hào)通路相關(guān)。
白藜蘆醇;腸缺血再灌注損傷;SIRT1/p53
腸缺血再灌注損傷(Intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury)是指腸道血供中斷或減少,重新恢復(fù)腸道血供導(dǎo)致腸道損傷進(jìn)一步加重的臨床危相,其發(fā)病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,目前尚未完全闡明,既往研究提示,凋亡與腸缺血再灌注損傷密切相關(guān)[1-4]。白藜蘆醇(Resveratrol,RSV)是一種來(lái)源于多種植物的類黃酮化合物[5-7]。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),其可通過(guò)凋亡減輕腦和肝臟缺血再灌注損傷[8-9]。因此,本實(shí)驗(yàn)擬探討RSV對(duì)腸缺血再灌注損傷的作用及其分子機(jī)制。
1.1 材料 白藜蘆醇(Sigma,USA)經(jīng)HPLC鑒定純度超過(guò)99%,水合氯醛(武漢谷歌),SIRT1(CST,USA),AIF(CST,USA),Acetylp53(CST,USA),p53(CST,USA),bax(CST,USA),bcl-2(CST,USA),TUNEL(CST,USA),β-actin(Abgent,USA)。HE試劑由湖北省人民醫(yī)院病理實(shí)驗(yàn)室配制。顯微鏡(Olympus BX51)及成像系統(tǒng)(HITMAS-30)均由湖北省人民醫(yī)院病理實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供。胞漿和線粒體試劑提取盒(碧云天,武漢)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 分組及建模 雄性SD大鼠30只,體重(220±20)g,合格證號(hào):SCXK(京)2012-2017,由武漢大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供。放置在SPF動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)室內(nèi)喂養(yǎng)。適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)1周后,狀態(tài)良好,按體重隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組(Sham組)、腸缺血再灌注損傷組(IRI組)和白藜蘆醇預(yù)處理組(RSV組),每組10只。RSV組術(shù)前1 h給予RSV腹腔注射(20 mg/kg),劑量參考文獻(xiàn)[10]。Sham組和IRI組則給予等量生理鹽水腹腔注射,IRI組和RSV組行小腸缺血再灌注損傷手術(shù)。具體手術(shù)方式如下:大鼠在腹腔注射10%水合氯醛(4 mL/kg)麻醉狀態(tài)下,行腹部正中切口,鈍性分離腸系膜上動(dòng)脈根部(SMA),用微血管夾夾閉SMA根部,完全阻斷血流45 min后松開(kāi)血管夾,恢復(fù)腸道血流形成再灌注??p合腹部,再灌注4 h后處死大鼠,收集標(biāo)本。Sham組操作同上,但開(kāi)腹后不夾閉腸系膜上動(dòng)脈。
1.2.2 腸道組織學(xué)檢查 小腸組織切片經(jīng)10%中性甲醛固定、石蠟包埋,HE染色之后,在光鏡下觀察小腸組織病理學(xué)變化。小腸損傷程度參考文獻(xiàn)[11]報(bào)道的積分法評(píng)估。0分為正常絨毛和腺體;1分為部分絨毛頂部上皮輕度受損;2分為上皮下腺體輕度受損;3分為上皮下間隙擴(kuò)大,毛細(xì)血管充血;4分為上皮與固有層中度分離,腺體受損;5分為部分絨毛頂部脫落;6分為絨毛脫落明顯,毛細(xì)血管擴(kuò)張;7分為固有層絨毛脫落,腺體受損明顯;8分為固有層開(kāi)始消化分解;9分為出血、潰瘍。
1.2.3 TUNEL法檢測(cè)大鼠腸道細(xì)胞凋亡 按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書檢測(cè)腸道TUNEL表達(dá),顯微鏡下觀察。
1.2.4 Western blot檢測(cè) 取腸道組織,按照每50 mg組織中加入1 mL RIPA裂解液(以1∶50加入50×cocktail),冰上勻漿,裂解30 min后,4 ℃ 12 000 r/min離心30 min后取上清,BCA法測(cè)定蛋白濃度,檢測(cè)AIF、p53、Acetylp53、SIRT1、bax和bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)水平,具體方法參考文獻(xiàn)[11-12]。
2.1 RSV對(duì)腸缺血再灌注損傷導(dǎo)致的病理改變的影響 與Sham組相比,IRI組小腸腺體受損,毛細(xì)血管充血、水腫及絨毛脫落、糜爛、炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)明顯增加(P<0.05),其損傷評(píng)分為(5.5±1)分,而Sham組損傷評(píng)分為(0.5±0.2)分。與IRI組相比,RSV組小腸腺體受損及毛細(xì)血管充血、水腫及絨毛脫落、糜爛、炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)明顯減少(P<0.05),其損傷評(píng)分為(1.5±0.5)分。提示RSV預(yù)處理可減輕腸缺血再灌注損傷誘導(dǎo)的腸道病理改變。見(jiàn)圖1。
2.2 RSV對(duì)各組大鼠TNUEL表達(dá)的影響 與Sham組相比,IRI組TUNEL表達(dá)明顯增高(P<0.05);與IRI組相比,RSV組TUNEL表達(dá)明顯降低(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)圖2。
圖1 HE檢測(cè)RSV對(duì)腸組織病理改變的影響(×100)
圖2 免疫組化檢測(cè)RSV對(duì)腸細(xì)胞凋亡的影響(×100)
2.3 RSV對(duì)腸組織凋亡相關(guān)蛋白的影響 與Sham組相比,IRI組促凋亡蛋白bax表達(dá)明顯增加(P<0.05),而抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2表達(dá)明顯減少(P<0.05)。與IRI組相比,RSV組促凋亡蛋白bax表達(dá)明顯減少(P<0.05),而抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2表達(dá)明顯增加(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)圖3。
圖3 Western blot檢測(cè)RSV對(duì)bax和bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)影響
注:與Sham組比較,*P<0.05,***P<0.001;與IRI組比較, #P<0.05,##P<0.01
2.4 RSV對(duì)SIRT1表達(dá)的影響 Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與Sham組相比,IRI組SIRT1蛋白表達(dá)明顯降低(P<0.05),而RSV組SIRT1蛋白表達(dá)明顯增加(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)圖4。
圖4 Western blot檢測(cè)RSV對(duì)SIRT1蛋白表達(dá)的影響
2.5 RSV對(duì)p53信號(hào)蛋白的影響 Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與Sham組相比,IRI組Acetylp53蛋白表達(dá)明顯增加(P<0.05),而RSV組Acetylp53蛋白表達(dá)明顯減少(P<0.05),三組之間p53蛋白表達(dá)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)圖5。
2.6 RSV對(duì)細(xì)胞漿和線粒體AIF表達(dá)的影響 與Sham組相比,IRI組細(xì)胞漿AIF表達(dá)明顯增高(P<0.05),而線粒體AIF表達(dá)明顯減少(P<0.05);與IRI組相比,RSV組細(xì)胞漿AIF表達(dá)明顯降低(P<0.05),而線粒體AIF表達(dá)明顯增加(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)圖6。
圖5 Western blot檢測(cè)RSV對(duì)Acetylp53和p53蛋白表達(dá)的影響
圖6 Western blot檢測(cè)RSV線粒體和細(xì)胞漿AIF蛋白表達(dá)的影響
缺血再灌注損傷是休克、創(chuàng)傷及移植等疾病共同存在的病理生理過(guò)程,可誘發(fā)許多嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥。小腸是機(jī)體對(duì)缺血再灌注損傷最敏感的器官之一[1-3]。在腸系膜血管缺血性疾病,如小腸移植、腸絞窄、腸梗阻等情況下,均會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同程度的小腸缺血性損傷,在腸組織恢復(fù)供血時(shí),再灌注會(huì)進(jìn)一步加重小腸的損傷[1,4]。既往許多研究證實(shí),小腸是機(jī)體最大的細(xì)菌和內(nèi)毒素庫(kù),腸缺血再灌注損傷會(huì)加重消化道損傷,降低小腸的生理屏障功能,導(dǎo)致腸內(nèi)細(xì)菌和內(nèi)毒素移位,誘導(dǎo)腸道網(wǎng)狀內(nèi)皮系統(tǒng)廣泛激活,導(dǎo)致大量炎癥因子釋放入血,誘發(fā)毒血癥、全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征,乃至多器官功能不全綜合征的發(fā)生[1-4]。隨著研究的深入,多項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果顯示,凋亡在腸缺血再灌注損傷中發(fā)揮重要作用[1-4]。因此,抑制凋亡是減輕腸缺血再灌注損傷的有效途徑。RSV是SIRT1激動(dòng)劑,既往研究提示,其可通過(guò)凋亡減輕肝臟、腦等器官缺血再灌注損傷[8-9]。本研究結(jié)果提示,RSV預(yù)處理可明顯降低腸道病理改變和凋亡細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物TUNEL表達(dá)。提示RSV可通過(guò)抗凋亡作用減輕腸缺血再灌注損傷。
SIRT1是一種去乙?;揎椕?,可調(diào)節(jié)多種信號(hào)蛋白酶的活性,如p65、p53等[13-14]。既往研究顯示,激活SIRT1可通過(guò)抗凋亡減輕心臟缺血再灌注損傷[15],其作用機(jī)制為促進(jìn)p53去乙酰化修飾,減少線粒體膜電位和膜通透性改變,抑制AIF等從線粒體釋放,減少促凋亡蛋白bax表達(dá),增加抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2表達(dá),進(jìn)而減少TUNEL表達(dá)[16-19]。本研究結(jié)果表明,RSV在腸缺血再灌注損傷時(shí),可增加SIRT1、bcl-2和線粒體AIF表達(dá),減少p53乙?;揎棥ax和胞漿AIF表達(dá)。
綜上所述,RSV通過(guò)抗凋亡信號(hào)通路減輕腸缺血再灌注損傷,其作用機(jī)制與SIRT1/p53信號(hào)通路相關(guān)。
[1] Gonzalez LM,Moeser AJ,Blikslager AT.Animal models of ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal injury:progress and promise for translational research[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2015,308(2):G63-G75.
[2] Lenaerts K,Ceulemans LJ,Hundscheid IH,et al.New insights in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury:implications for intestinal transplantation[J].Curr Opin Organ Transplant,2013,18(3):298-303.
[3] Dalal A.Intestinal transplantation:the anesthesia perspective[J].Transplant Rev (Orlando),2016,30(2):100-108.
[4] Slone EA,Fleming SD.Membrane lipid interactions in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury[J].Clin Immunol,2014,153(1):228-240.
[5] Huang Z,Huang Q,Ji L,et al.Epigenetic regulation of active Chinese herbal components for cancer prevention and treatment:a follow-up review[J].Pharmacol Res,2016,114:1-12.
[6] Diaz M,Degens H,Vanhees L,et al.The effects of resveratrol on aging vessels[J].Exp Gerontol,2016,85:41-47.
[8] Abdel-Aleem GA,Khaleel EF,Mostafa DG,et al.Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol against brain ischemia reperfusion injury in rats entails reduction of DJ-1 protein expression and activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3b survival pathway[J].Arch Physiol Biochem,2016,122(4):200-213.
[9] Shimizu K,Miyagi S,Miyazawa K,et al.Resveratrol prevents warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver grafts from non-heart-beating donor rats[J].Transplant Proc,2016,48(4):1221-1215.
[10]Ji YY,Wang ZD,Wang SF,et al.Ischemic preconditioning ameliorates intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats[J].World J Gastroenterol,2015,21(26):8081-8088.
[11]Kalimeris K,Briassoulis P,Ntzouvani A,et al.N-acetylcysteine ameliorates liver injury in a rat model of intestinal ischemia reperfusion[J].J Surg Res,2016,206(2):263-272.
[12]Zu G,Guo J,Che N,et al.Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:38480.
[13]Hattori Y,Ihara M.SIRT1[J].Nihon Rinsho,2016,74(4):589-594.
[14]Subramaniyan B,Jagadeesan K,Ramakrishnan S,et al.Targeting the interaction of Aurora kinases and SIRT1 mediated by Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer:a critical review[J].Biomed Pharmacother,2016,82:413-424.
[15]Feng J,Yang Y,Zhou Y,et al.Bakuchiol attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by maintaining mitochondrial function:the role of silent information regulator 1[J].Apoptosis,2016,21(5):532-545.
[16]Kai-lan W,Si Z.Pretreatment with erythropoietin attenuates intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury by further promoting PI3K/Akt signaling activation[J].Transplant Proc,2015,47(6):1639-1645.
[17]Sin TK,Yu AP,Yung BY,et al.Modulating effect of SIRT1 activation induced by resveratrol on foxo1-associated apoptotic signalling in senescent heart[J].J Physiol,2014,592(12):2535-2548.
[18]Yamamoto T,Tamaki K,Shirakawa K,et al.Cardiac sirt1 mediates the cardioprotective effect of caloric restriction by suppressing local complement system activation after ischemia-reperfusion[J].Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2016,310(8):H1003-H1014.
[19]Nadtochiy SM,Urciuoli W,Zhang J,et al.Metabolomic profiling of the heart during acute ischemic preconditioning reveals a role for SIRT1 in rapid cardioprotective metabolic adaptation[J].J Mol Cell Cardiol,2015,88:64-72.
ProtectiveeffectofRSVonintestineischemiareperfusioninjury
WEI Lai1,2,RONG Yu-ping3,LIU Sheng-wu1,ZHAO Duan-yi2
(1.Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;2.Sixth Surgery Department, Armed Police Corps Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430061,China;3.Hubei General Hospital,Wuhan 430060, China)
ObjectiveTo explore the effect and molecular mechanism of resveratrol (RSV) on intestine ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.MethodsThirty SD rats were randomly divided into Sham group,intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury group (IRI group) and RSV group.The expression level of SIRT1,Acetylp53,p53,bax,bcl-2,TUNEL and the pathological morphology of intestinal tissue were examined.ResultsCompared with Sham group,the pathological change of intestinal and the expression of Acetylp53,bax,cytoplasm of AIF and TUNEL in IRI group were significantly increased with the decrease of expression of bcl-2 and SIRT1.Compared with IRI group,the pathological change of intestinal and the expression of Acetylp53,bax,cytoplasm of AIF and TUNEL in RSV group were significantly decreased with the increase of expression of SIRT1 and bcl-2.There was no significant difference in the expression of p53 among the three groups.ConclusionRSV can alleviate intestine ischemia reperfusion injury by anti-apoptosis,the mechanism of which is associated with SIRT/p53 signal pathway.
RSV;Intestine ischemia reperfusion injury;SIRT1/p53
2016-11-28
1.武漢大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院,武漢 430071;2.武警湖北省總隊(duì)醫(yī)院六外科,武漢 430061;3.湖北省人民醫(yī)院,武漢 430060
10.14053/j.cnki.ppcr.201709004