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3D可視技術(shù)應(yīng)用于黃斑前膜剝除術(shù)初步研究

2017-09-19 02:20張中宇孫大衛(wèi)
關(guān)鍵詞:黃斑眼壓顯微鏡

張中宇,孫大衛(wèi)

(哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院眼科,黑龍江哈爾濱150086)

3D可視技術(shù)應(yīng)用于黃斑前膜剝除術(shù)初步研究

張中宇,孫大衛(wèi)

(哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院眼科,黑龍江哈爾濱150086)

目的:應(yīng)用3D可視技術(shù)顯微鏡完成黃斑前膜剝除術(shù)并觀察其療效.方法:3D手術(shù)組9例9只眼,女5例,男4例,對(duì)照組為傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)組,10例10只眼,女6例,男4例.手術(shù)采用23G顯微技術(shù)中軸部PPV常規(guī)撕除黃斑前膜.術(shù)中兩組分階段記錄對(duì)比其手術(shù)時(shí)間的變化,術(shù)后隨診兩組患者視力、眼壓及CRT的變化.結(jié)果:傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)組與3D可視手術(shù)組的黃斑前膜染色及撕除的手術(shù)時(shí)間比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而術(shù)后的眼內(nèi)壓及CRT的變化比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05).結(jié)論:3D可視技術(shù)在眼科領(lǐng)域是一項(xiàng)新的實(shí)用性應(yīng)用,從初步研究中觀察,其能夠完成視網(wǎng)膜前膜剝除手術(shù).

3D可視技術(shù);黃斑前膜剝除術(shù);染色

0 引言

隨著3D可視技術(shù)的日臻成熟,其已經(jīng)進(jìn)入各個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域[1-2].顯微手術(shù)技術(shù)特別是眼科微創(chuàng)手術(shù)近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速[3-6].德國(guó)徠卡公司嘗試將3D可視性技術(shù)應(yīng)用于眼科微創(chuàng)手術(shù),于2014年德國(guó)醫(yī)生Claus Eckardt嘗試應(yīng)用可視3D技術(shù)的顯微鏡完成視網(wǎng)膜手術(shù)并獲得成功[7].2016年11月3D可視技術(shù)顯微鏡進(jìn)入我國(guó),現(xiàn)就哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院應(yīng)用3D可視技術(shù)治療黃斑前膜手術(shù)患者的手術(shù)觀察及術(shù)后隨診作簡(jiǎn)要報(bào)告.

1 資料和方法

1.1 入選病例 納入患者為2016-10/2016-11就診于哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院的黃斑前膜患者,研究組為3D手術(shù)組,9例9只眼,女5例,男4例,對(duì)照組為傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)組,10例10只眼,女6例,男4例,入選患者均為特發(fā)性黃斑前膜,初始視力均低于0.3.排除眼部手術(shù)史、外傷史、糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變及葡萄膜炎等繼發(fā)黃斑前膜的疾病,以及不能完成研究隨診的患者.

1.2 手術(shù)方式 所有納入研究組的患者均由同一人完成手術(shù),手術(shù)顯微鏡采用萊卡M844,3D可視顯微鏡,玻璃體切割機(jī)為ALCON公司Constellation,手術(shù)采用23G微創(chuàng)玻璃體切割術(shù),術(shù)中均完成中軸部玻璃體切割,黃斑前膜撕除應(yīng)用曲安奈德染色.術(shù)中視手術(shù)情況采用氣液交換.3D手術(shù)組醫(yī)生均在3D可視下完成手術(shù),如不能完成可切換成鏡下.常規(guī)手術(shù)組患者手術(shù)在顯微鏡直視下完成.

1.3 隨診 所有研究組患者均在術(shù)后24 h、2 d、3 d、一周、半個(gè)月、一個(gè)月、兩個(gè)月及三個(gè)月進(jìn)行隨診,常規(guī)視力、眼內(nèi)壓(intraocular pressure,IOP)檢查,OCT作為重要的隨診檢測(cè)手段,查看黃斑前膜是否撕除以及水腫改善情況.

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS17.0(SPSS公司,芝加哥,美國(guó))進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析及評(píng)估.比較兩組視力、眼壓及黃斑中心凹(central retinal thickness,CRT)厚度變化情況.

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組手術(shù)時(shí)間比較 觀察傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)組與3D手術(shù)組完成中軸部玻璃體切割時(shí)間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05).對(duì)于黃斑前膜的處理過(guò)程中,傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)組時(shí)間比3D手術(shù)組短,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表1).

表1 兩組不同手術(shù)階段時(shí)間比較 (x ±s,min)

2.2 術(shù)后眼內(nèi)壓變化觀察 術(shù)后對(duì)兩組眼壓變化情況進(jìn)行為期兩周的觀測(cè),兩組均表現(xiàn)為術(shù)后眼壓先下降,然后逐漸改善的趨勢(shì),兩組術(shù)后眼壓變化比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,圖1).

圖1 兩組術(shù)后眼壓變化曲線圖

2.3 術(shù)后黃斑中心凹厚度變化觀察 兩組術(shù)后常規(guī)采用OCT觀測(cè)CRT的厚度變化,用以反應(yīng)黃斑前膜術(shù)后黃斑水腫消退情況.術(shù)后兩組CRT厚度減少情況對(duì)比,CRT厚度均在手術(shù)后前一個(gè)月的時(shí)間下降明顯,隨后趨緩,3個(gè)月的隨診過(guò)程,兩組總的CRT減少量均在100 μm左右,兩組變化趨勢(shì)比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,圖2).

圖2 兩組術(shù)后CRT厚度減少情況示意圖

3 討論

2016年11月3D可視化技術(shù)在中國(guó)獲批可應(yīng)用于眼科手術(shù)中,這對(duì)于中國(guó)眼科醫(yī)生是一次顯微手術(shù)方式轉(zhuǎn)變的有益探索,也為今后機(jī)器人完成眼部顯微手術(shù)進(jìn)行了有價(jià)值的探索[8-11].3D可視化手術(shù)技術(shù)為眼科醫(yī)生提供了更加寬廣的視野和細(xì)致的觀察,改變了傳統(tǒng)目鏡下完成手術(shù)的方式.

本研究應(yīng)用3D可視技術(shù)完成眼部后段手術(shù).黃斑前膜的后節(jié)手術(shù)需要精細(xì)操作[12-15],對(duì)于醫(yī)師本人及顯微鏡要求高.研究為前期實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察,納入樣本量不多,是一項(xiàng)早期應(yīng)用3D可視技術(shù)手術(shù)治療黃斑前膜療效觀察研究.兩個(gè)手術(shù)組手術(shù)時(shí)間的分段對(duì)比觀察表明3D可視化手術(shù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于傳統(tǒng)顯微鏡下的手術(shù)時(shí)間,尤其在撕除前膜的過(guò)程中,需要醫(yī)生對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)換視角的判斷帶來(lái)的手術(shù)方式轉(zhuǎn)變的適應(yīng).3D可視化手術(shù)技術(shù)需要眼科醫(yī)生有一段適應(yīng)期,尤其是熟練掌握傳統(tǒng)顯微鏡的醫(yī)師,它改變了眼科醫(yī)生傳統(tǒng)顯微鏡直視下手術(shù)習(xí)慣.手眼的配合以及視角的改變需要醫(yī)生適應(yīng)和磨合,經(jīng)歷一定時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)曲線.

對(duì)3D術(shù)后治療效果進(jìn)行分析,在兩組手術(shù)術(shù)后患者無(wú)顯著性差異的情況下,選取重要的術(shù)后IOP的變化及術(shù)后CRT的變化作為觀測(cè)指標(biāo).兩組CRT的變化比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,說(shuō)明對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的顯微手術(shù)技術(shù),3D的手術(shù)效果不劣于其治療效果.兩組術(shù)后IOP比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,說(shuō)明在顯微手術(shù)的操作方面,3D可視技術(shù)可以很好地完成對(duì)于黃斑前膜患者的治療.

在術(shù)后隨診三個(gè)月的對(duì)比研究中,兩組手術(shù)均能較好的處理黃斑前膜,無(wú)明顯黃斑前膜的殘留及復(fù)發(fā),術(shù)后的視力及黃斑復(fù)位情況良好,證明3D可視技術(shù)能夠應(yīng)用于后節(jié)玻璃體切割手術(shù).

通過(guò)早期的初步觀察,3D可視手術(shù)技術(shù)能夠應(yīng)用于眼部后節(jié)精細(xì)手術(shù),但需要眼科醫(yī)生學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)該項(xiàng)技術(shù).佩戴3D眼鏡后屏幕的亮度和清晰度有明顯下降,仍具有提升空間.3D可視技術(shù)在眼科微創(chuàng)手術(shù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景是十分廣闊的.

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[2]Lescher S,Zimmermann M,Konczalla J,et al.Evaluation of the perforators of the anterior communicating artery(AComA)usingroutine cerebral 3D rotational angiography[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2016,8(10):1061-1066.

[3]Hejsek L,Stepanov A,Dusova J,et al.Microincision 25G pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the inner limiting membrane and air tamponade in idiopathic macular hole[J].Eur J Ophthalmol,2017,27(1):93-97.

[4]Mikhail M,Ali-Ridha A,Chorfi S,et al.Long-term outcomes of sutureless 25-G+pars-plana vitrectomy for the management of diabetic tractional retinal detachment[J].Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2017,255(2):255-261.

[5]Mitsui K,Kogo J,Takeda H,et al.Comparative study of 27-gauge vs 25-gauge vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane[J].Eye(Lond),2016,30(4):538-544.

[6]Yokota R,Inoue M,Itoh Y,et al.Comparison of microinsicion vitrectomy and conventional 20-gauge vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J].Jpn J Ophthalmol,2015,59(5):288-294.

[7]Claus Eckardt.First Live Heads Up Retinal Microsurgery[J].Frankfurt Retina Congress on March 15,2014.

[8]Channa R,Iordachita I,Handa JT.Robotic vitreoretinal surgery[J].Retina,2017,37(7):1220-1228.

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[14]Fleissig E,Zur D,Moisseiev E,et al.Five-year follow-up after epiretinal membrane surgery:a single-center experience[J].Retina,2017.

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Primary study on the application of 3D visibility technique to macular epiretinal membrane peeling surgery

ZHANG Zhong-Yu,SUN Da-Wei
Department of Ophthalmology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150086,China

AIM:To observe the curative effect of microscope with 3D visibility technique on macular epiretinal membrane peeling surgery.METHODS:A total of 9 patients(9 eyes)including 5 females and 4 males in the 3D intervention group and 10 patients (10 eyes)including 6 females and 4 males in conventional PPV surgery group were recruited in this study.During surgery,23-G microscopy vitrectomy was applied to remove central vitreous body before conventional peeling macular epiretinal membrane.Operative time change in the different operative stages of two groups was observed and recorded.Vision,intraocular pressure and CRT in both groups were followed up.RESULTS:There were statistically significant differences between the staining time and the time of surgery of two groups(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in IOP and CRT between two groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:A tentative observation from this study showed that 3D visibility technique,a new actually useful technique in ophthalmology,could finish macular epiretinal membrane peeling surgery.

3D visibility technique;macular epiretinal membrane peeling surgery;staining

R246.82

A

2095-6894(2017)08-24-03

2017-05-25;接受日期:2017-06-10

教育部博士點(diǎn)新教師基金(20112307120019);黑龍江省留學(xué)歸國(guó)基金(LC2011C27)

張中宇.博士.研究方向:眼底病.E-mail:zzy1976318@163.com

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