張紅松,馮 芳,付麗彬,齊 艷,蔡紅燕
·論著·
不同炎性因子對重癥急性胰腺炎的預測價值研究
張紅松*,馮 芳,付麗彬,齊 艷,蔡紅燕
目的探討不同炎性因子對重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)的預測價值。方法本研究采用前瞻性觀察性研究方法。選取于2014年6月—2016年10月收住蘭州大學第二醫(yī)院外科重癥監(jiān)護病房(SICU)的并發(fā)器官功能障礙的急性胰腺炎(AP)患者40例。入科48 h根據(jù)患者是否持續(xù)存在器官功能障礙,將患者分為中重癥急性胰腺炎(MSAP)組27例和SAP組13例。比較兩組患者入科時的腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素1(IL-1)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)及白介素10(IL-10)水平,采用Spearman秩相關分析、Logistic回歸分析篩選出能夠預測SAP的炎性因子,繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線并尋找其最佳截斷點,比較其對SAP的預測價值。結果兩組患者入住SICU時,TNF-α、IL-6水平比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);IL-1、IL-8、IL-10水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。Spearman秩相關分析顯示,SAP與TNF-α、IL-6呈正相關(rs值分別為0.539、0.557,P<0.05);與IL-1、IL-8、IL-10無相關性(rs值分別為0.303、0.284、-0.257,P>0.05)。Logistic回歸分析結果顯示,TNF-α、IL-6是SAP發(fā)生的影響因素〔OR(95%CI)分別為1.143(1.011,1.293)、1.084(1.014,1.158),P<0.05〕。TNF-α、IL-6預測SAP的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.832(0.700,0.964)、0.843(0.684,1.000),均較好地預測了SAP的發(fā)生(P<0.05)。TNF-α、IL-6的截斷點分別為141.7 pg/L、143.3 pg/L時預測SAP的靈敏度和特異度較高。結論收住ICU的AP患者早期檢測血漿中TNF-α與IL-6的水平,與其他炎性因子相比,可早期預測SAP的發(fā)生,為盡早采取措施保護器官功能提供了理論依據(jù)。
重癥急性胰腺炎;炎性因子;腫瘤壞死因子α;白細胞介素6;預測
張紅松,馮芳,付麗彬,等.不同炎性因子對重癥急性胰腺炎的預測價值研究[J].中國全科醫(yī)學,2017,20(25):3127-3131.[www.chinagp.net]
ZHANG H S,FENG F,FU L B,et al.Predictive value of inflammatory cytokines in severe acute pancreatitis[J].Chinese General Practice,2017,20(25):3127-3131.
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)發(fā)病急,病情多變,易并發(fā)多器官功能障礙綜合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS),死亡率高,是普外科與重癥醫(yī)學科的研究熱點[1-2]。隨著對AP基礎與臨床研究的深入,結合國際上AP的分級和分類系統(tǒng)[3],中華醫(yī)學會外科學分會胰腺外科學組頒布了《急性胰腺炎診治指南(2014)》[4]。該指南根據(jù)器官功能障礙持續(xù)的時間是否>48 h將AP分為中重癥急性胰腺炎(moderately severe acute pancreatitis,MSAP)和重癥急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)。二者的病理生理及預后截然不同[5],尋找合適的指標盡快區(qū)分MSAP與SAP對臨床醫(yī)生極其重要。本研究通過比較MSAP和SAP患者收住ICU時各炎性因子的水平,探討不同炎性因子對SAP的預測價值,希望尋找到能夠預測SAP的炎性因子,為盡早干預治療提供依據(jù)。
1.1 研究對象 選取于2014年6月—2016年10月收住蘭州大學第二醫(yī)院外科重癥監(jiān)護病房(SICU)的并發(fā)器官功能障礙的AP患者40例。入科48 h根據(jù)患者是否持續(xù)存在器官功能障礙,將患者分為MSAP組27例和SAP組13例。納入標準:MSAP符合AP的診斷標準[6],Ranson評分≥3分,急性生理學與慢性健康狀況評分系統(tǒng)Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)評分≥8分,急性胰腺炎嚴重程度床邊指數(shù)(BISAP)評分≥3分,修正CT嚴重指數(shù)(MCTSI)評分≥4分,伴有一過性(≤48 h)的器官功能障礙。SAP符合AP的診斷標準[6],伴有持續(xù)性(>48 h)的器官功能障礙(單器官/多器官),改良Marshall評分≥2分,余標準同MSAP[7]。排除標準:(1)年齡<18歲或>70歲;(2)慢性胰腺炎急性發(fā)作者;(3)AP合并慢性器官功能障礙或衰竭;(4)入住SICU 48 h內死亡者;(5)患者或家屬不同意者。本研究方案符合醫(yī)學倫理學標準,經蘭州大學第二醫(yī)院倫理委員會審批通過,并獲得患者和家屬的知情同意。
1.2 研究方法 入選患者均給予禁食水、胃腸減壓、抑制胰腺外分泌、抑制胰酶活性、抗感染、補液等治療。同時根據(jù)器官功能障礙的程度選擇性給予血管活性藥物、機械輔助通氣、持續(xù)血液凈化、糾正凝血功能紊亂等支持治療。所有患者入科后即刻采集靜脈血5 ml,離心3 000 r/min,離心半徑為10 cm。10 min后分離血漿置于-70 ℃冰箱以備檢測。采用ELISA法測定腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素1(IL-1)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)、白介素10(IL-10)。同時采集血標本行肝腎功能、電解質檢測及動脈血氣分析,計算APACHEⅡ評分,并判斷患者是否有器官功能障礙及其程度。入科48 h根據(jù)患者是否持續(xù)存在器官功能障礙,將患者分為MSAP組與SAP組,比較兩組患者入科時各炎性因子的水平。
2.1 兩組患者基線資料的比較 兩組患者在入住SICU時,在性別、年齡、APACHEⅡ評分方面比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05,見表1)。
2.2 兩組患者炎性因子水平的比較 兩組患者入住SICU時,TNF-α、IL-6水平比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);IL-1、IL-8、IL-10水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05,見表2)。
2.3 炎性因子與SAP的相關性分析Spearman秩相關分析顯示,SAP與TNF-α、IL-6呈正相關(rs值分別為0.539、0.557,P<0.05);與IL-1、IL-8、IL-10無相關性(rs值分別為0.303、0.284、-0.257,P>0.05)。
2.4SAP發(fā)生影響因素的Logistic回歸分析 以是否發(fā)生SAP為因變量,以兩組間有差異的炎性因子為自變量,進行Logistic回歸分析。結果顯示,TNF-α、IL-6是SAP發(fā)生的影響因素(P<0.05,見表3)。
表1 兩組患者基線資料的比較
注:MSAP=中重癥急性胰腺炎,SAP=重癥急性胰腺炎,APACHEⅡ=急性生理學與慢性健康狀況評分系統(tǒng)Ⅱ;a為χ2值,b為U值,c為t值
Table2LevelsoffiveinflammatorycytokinesofMSAPgroupcomparedwiththoseofSAPgroup
組別例數(shù)TNF-αIL-1IL-6IL-8IL-10MSAP組27136.8±8.231.1±1.8124.3±14.399.6±14.860.3±4.8SAP組13147.4±8.132.2±1.6145.6±17.6107.5±10.157.9±4.5t值-3.840-1.884-4.084-1.7431.515P值0.0350.067<0.0010.0890.138
注:TNF-α=腫瘤壞死因子α,IL-1=白介素1,IL-6=白介素6,IL-8=白介素8,IL-10=白介素10
表3 SAP發(fā)生影響因素的Logistic回歸分析
Table3 Logistic regression analysis of the inflammatory cytokines associated with SAP
炎性因子b值SEWaldχ2值P值OR(95%CI)TNF-α0.1340.0634.5410.0331.143(1.011,1.293)IL-60.0810.0345.6750.0171.084(1.014,1.158)
2.5 TNF-α、IL-6的ROC曲線 TNF-α、IL-6的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.832(0.700,0.964)、0.843(0.684,1.000),均較好地預測了SAP的發(fā)生(P<0.05,見圖1)。
2.6 TNF-α、IL-6預測SAP的最佳截斷點分析 TNF-α、IL-6的最佳截斷點分別為141.7 pg/L、143.3 pg/L,預測SAP的靈敏度和特異度較高(見表4)。
注:TNF-α=腫瘤壞死因子α,IL-6=白介素6,SAP=重癥急性胰腺炎,ROC曲線=受試者工作特征曲線
圖1 TNF-α、IL-6預測SAP的ROC曲線
Figure1 ROC curves of TNF-α and IL-6 in the prediction of SAP
表4 TNF-α、IL-6預測SAP的最佳截斷點分析
Table4 Optimal cut-off value of TNF-α and IL-6 in the prediction of SAP
炎性因子截斷點(pg/L)約登指數(shù)靈敏度(%)特異度(%)TNF-α141.70.54776.977.8IL-6143.30.73276.996.3
SAP是SICU常見的急危重癥,占AP的15%~20%,因胰腺出血、壞死和自溶,出現(xiàn)胰酶消化自身組織,繼而有強烈的局部與全身性爆發(fā)性炎性反應,胰腺血管受損栓塞,胰腺壞死,繼發(fā)感染,多器官受損,除腹痛、腹膜刺激征等癥狀外,可出現(xiàn)循環(huán)障礙、高熱、黃疸、少尿、腹脹、腸麻痹以及皮下瘀點、瘀斑[8-9],病死率高達10%~30%[10],合并MODS則病死率高達30%~50%[11]。近年來AP的基礎研究有了新的認識,使臨床處理與決策也發(fā)生了相應的變化。2014年中華醫(yī)學會外科學分會胰腺外科學組也修訂了2007版指南,推出了《急性胰腺炎診治指南(2014)》[4]。該指南依據(jù)國際最新進展,將AP按照病情嚴重程度分為輕癥急性胰腺炎(mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)、MSAP、SAP。MSAP與SAP的主要區(qū)別是器官功能障礙持續(xù)的時間是否>48 h,因此這兩型在發(fā)病后入住ICU時不能區(qū)分。但如何早期預測AP的分型對臨床把握病情、采取適宜的治療措施及評估預后極為重要。故本研究以臨床需求為出發(fā)點,探討不同炎性因子對SAP的預測價值。
SAP發(fā)病機制是一個復雜的、多因素參與的病理生理過程,至今未完全闡明[12]。早期提出的“自身消化學說”[13]已不能全面闡明AP的發(fā)病機制及其復雜的病理生理過程。近年的研究提出了許多新學說。RINDERKNECHT[14]早期提出的SAP“白細胞過度激活”假說和后來提出的SAP是一種系統(tǒng)性全身炎性反應綜合征(SIRS)[15]的概念均認為異常激活的胰酶在損傷胰腺的同時,也導致了炎性細胞中炎性因子的“瀑布級聯(lián)反應”,加劇了促炎與抗炎細胞因子失衡,促發(fā)了全身過度炎性反應,并最終導致多臟器衰竭[16-18]。炎性因子是引起SAP發(fā)生SIRS的強效遞質,但在細胞因子網絡系統(tǒng)中,不同細胞因子促炎性反應的權重如何有待商榷。本研究結果顯示:入住SICU時,SAP組的TNF-α與IL-6水平高于MSAP組,而IL-1、IL-8、IL-10水平兩組無差異;Spearman秩相關分析結果顯示,SAP與TNF-α、IL-6呈正相關,而與IL-1、IL-8、IL-10無相關性。因此本研究得出TNF-α、IL-6是促進SAP發(fā)生、發(fā)展的主要炎性遞質的結論。
TNF-α由活化的單核細胞產生,是聯(lián)系特異性免疫和炎性反應的重要因子,參與粒細胞的過度激活[19]。TNF-α誘導AP的可能機制為:(1)TNF-α可直接損傷胰管細胞,產生微血栓,導致腺泡缺血、出血、壞死、炎癥、水腫;(2)TNF-α與胰酶協(xié)同參與炎性細胞的刺激與激活;(3)高水平的TNF-α使內皮黏連分子表達增強并聚集炎性細胞,促使粒細胞吞噬、脫顆粒、產生氧自由基和溶酶體酶、彈力蛋白酶等,導致細胞代謝紊亂及MODS;(4)TNF-α參與粒細胞過度激活,使炎性細胞和血管內皮細胞釋放其他炎性遞質,產生細胞因子網絡效應,促成SIRS 加重胰腺損害[20]。IL-6主要由巨噬細胞、單核細胞釋放,其誘導AP的機制為:(1)對血管內皮細胞及炎性細胞具有直接的激活和毒性作用;(2)誘導急性期蛋白的合成、放大全身炎性反應造成相關組織細胞的損害[21]。本研究Logistic回歸分析結果顯示,TNF-α、IL-6是SAP發(fā)生的影響因素。TNF-α、IL-6的AUC分別為0.832(0.700,0.964)、0.843(0.684,1.000);當二者截斷點分別為141.7 pg/L、143.3 pg/L時,有較高的靈敏度與特異度。說明TNF-α與IL-6是早期預測SAP、評價AP嚴重程度的最有用的炎性因子,可以根據(jù)TNF-α與IL-6水平為患者制定合理的診療方案。
綜上所述,收住ICU的AP患者早期檢測血漿中TNF-α與IL-6的水平,與其他炎性因子相比,可早期預測SAP的發(fā)生,為盡早采取措施保護器官功能提供了理論依據(jù)。但是,本研究樣本量較少,結論仍需多中心、大樣本的研究證實。
作者貢獻:張紅松負責試驗設計、撰寫論文;馮芳、付麗彬負責試驗實施、評估、資料收集;齊艷、蔡紅燕負責質量控制。
本文無利益沖突。
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(本文編輯:閆行敏)
PredictiveValueofInflammatoryCytokinesinSevereAcutePancreatitis
ZHANGHong-song*,FENGFang,FULi-bin,QIYan,CAIHong-yan
SICU,LanzhouUniversitySecondHospital,Lanzhou730030,China
*Correspondingauthor:ZHANGHong-song,Chiefphysician,Associateprofessor;E-mail:jijiuyish@163.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive value of inflammatory cytokines in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted in Lanzhou University Second Hospital.The participants were 40 cases of acute pancreatitis(AP) with organ dysfunction admitted in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit(SICU) of the hospital from June 2014 to October 2016.Of them,27 cases with organ dysfunction within 48 h after SICU admission were assigned to the moderate to severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) group,and other 13 cases with organ dysfunction more than 48 h after SICU admission were assigned to the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) group.We compared the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin 1 (IL-1),interleukin 6 (IL-6),interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) measured on SICU admission between the groups.We selected the inflammatory cytokines associated with SAP from the above inflammatory cytokines by using analyses with Spearman′s rank correlation and Logistic regression models and compared the predictive value of them in SAP based on analyzing their ROC curves and cut-off values for the prediction of SAP.ResultsThe levels of TNF-α and IL-6 measured on SICU admission differed significantly between the groups(P<0.05),while those of IL-1,IL-8 and IL-10 did not(P>0.05).Analysis with Spearman′s rank correlation found that,levels of TNF-α had a positive correlation with SAP(rs=0.539,P<0.05);levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with SAP(rs=0.557,P<0.05);but no correlation was found between SAP and levels of IL-1,IL-8 and IL-10(rs=0.303,P>0.05;rs=0.284,P>0.05;rs=-0.257,P>0.05,respectively).The analysis with Logistic regression models demonstrated that,levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were found to have predictive value for SAP 〔OR=1.143,95%CI(1.011,1.293),P<0.05;OR=1.084,95%CI(1.014,1.158),P<0.05,respectively〕.Both TNF-α and IL-6 had good performance in the prediction of SAP proved by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) 〔0.832(0.700,0.964),P<0.05;0.843(0.684,1.000),P<0.05,respectively〕.For predicting SAP,the optimal cut-off value of TNF-α and IL-6 was 141.7 pg/L,143.3 pg/L,respectively with maximized sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionThe levels of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 measured early in ICU patients with AP have values in the prediction of SAP,while those of other inflammatory cytokines do not,which provides a theoretical basis for taking measures to protect the patients′ organ function as soon as possible.
Severe acute pancreatitis;Inflammatory cytokines;Tumor necrosis factor-α;Interleukin-6;Forecasting
甘肅省蘭州市城關區(qū)科技計劃項目(2015-3-7)
R 576.1
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.25.013
2017-02-10;
2017-05-25)
730030 甘肅省蘭州市,蘭州大學第二醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學一科
*通信作者:張紅松,主任醫(yī)師,副教授;E-mail:jijiuyish@163.com