国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

鏈脲佐菌素糖尿病小鼠睪丸內(nèi)生精細(xì)胞減少與PCNA和K i67表達(dá)降低

2017-07-31 16:35樊芙蓉張夔鳴唐兆生朱珍華燕菲肖天羽汪琳
關(guān)鍵詞:生精組織化學(xué)菌素

樊芙蓉,張夔鳴,唐兆生,朱珍,華燕菲,肖天羽,汪琳

(上海市東方醫(yī)院1整形外科,2神經(jīng)外科,3內(nèi)分泌科,4病理科, 上海 200120;5武漢大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)教研室,武漢 430071)

鏈脲佐菌素糖尿病小鼠睪丸內(nèi)生精細(xì)胞減少與PCNA和K i67表達(dá)降低

樊芙蓉1,張夔鳴2,唐兆生3,朱珍4,華燕菲4,肖天羽4,汪琳5*

(上海市東方醫(yī)院1整形外科,2神經(jīng)外科,3內(nèi)分泌科,4病理科, 上海 200120;5武漢大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)教研室,武漢 430071)

目的通過檢測增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA)及Ki67在正常及糖尿病小鼠睪丸組織中表達(dá)的差異,探討糖尿病對生精細(xì)胞增殖的影響。方法30只正常雄性C57BL/6小鼠,隨機分為對照組(10只)和糖尿病組(20只)。采用腹腔注射鏈脲佐菌素的方法建立糖尿病小鼠模型,對照組注射相同體積的檸檬酸—檸檬酸鈉緩沖液。造模成功3周后處死動物,取睪丸組織,常規(guī)固定、石蠟包埋、切片HE染色觀察睪丸組織的形態(tài)學(xué)變化;免疫組織化學(xué)SP法檢測PCNA及Ki67在睪丸組織中的表達(dá);圖像分析技術(shù)分析組織中PCNA及Ki67免疫組織化學(xué)表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果HE染色顯示,糖尿病小鼠睪丸內(nèi)處于精子發(fā)生前半期的生精小管內(nèi)生精細(xì)胞排列疏松,細(xì)胞層數(shù)偏少,附睪管內(nèi)精子密度相對較低;免疫組織化學(xué)染色顯示,PCNA和Ki67在糖尿病小鼠睪丸生精小管中的表達(dá)均明顯降低。結(jié)論高糖可能通過降低生精細(xì)胞的增殖進(jìn)而影響睪丸精子的發(fā)生。

生精細(xì)胞;增殖細(xì)胞核抗原;Ki67;糖尿病

糖尿?。╠iabetes mellitus,DM)是一種由于胰島素分泌缺陷或胰島素作用障礙所致的、以高血糖為特征的代謝性疾病。持續(xù)高血糖與長期代謝紊亂等可導(dǎo)致全身組織器官,特別是眼、腎、心血管及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的損害及其功能障礙和衰竭。隨著DM患病率的逐年升高及發(fā)病年輕化,其對生殖功能的影響受到了越來越多的關(guān)注,包括對生殖器官的結(jié)構(gòu)、性激素的合成和分泌、生殖細(xì)胞發(fā)生、性功能及子代健康等方面的影響[1,2]。近年來,對睪丸生精細(xì)胞的凋亡及糖尿病基因的篩選有較多的報道[1,3],但對高糖狀態(tài)是否影響睪丸生精細(xì)胞增殖能力的研究資料較為缺乏,因此,本文采用腹腔注射鏈脲佐菌素的方法建立糖尿病小鼠模型,探討高糖對睪丸生精細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響,以期為DM對雄性生殖功能的影響提供重要的實驗依據(jù)。

材料與方法

1 糖尿病模型建立

將30只9~10周齡SPF級雄性C57BL/6小鼠 (由本校動物實驗室提供)隨機分為對照組(n=10)和糖尿病組(n=20),均在本校動物實驗室(SPF級)喂養(yǎng)。適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)一周后,糖尿病組小鼠腹腔內(nèi)注射鏈脲佐菌素(STZ,Sigma 公司)溶液40mg/kg,對照組注射相同體積的檸檬酸—檸檬酸鈉緩沖液(pH值4.2),喂以普通飼料。STZ注射后3周,用微血糖測量儀(ONE TOUCH Sure Step,美國強生)檢測空腹血糖。

2 標(biāo)本制備與染色

造模成功后,用頸椎脫臼法處死兩組小鼠,取出雙側(cè)的睪丸及附睪,立即放入4%多聚甲醛液中固定,梯度酒精脫水、苯甲酸甲酯透明、石蠟包埋后切片(片厚5μm)。部分切片進(jìn)行常規(guī)HE染色,另一部分采用鏈霉素親生物素-過氧化物酶法(SP法)進(jìn)行PCNA和Ki67免疫組織化學(xué)染色。免疫組織化學(xué)染色基本步驟如下:①切片脫蠟水化,檸檬酸緩沖液浸泡、微波處理10m in,進(jìn)行抗原修復(fù);②滴加3%H2O2水溶液,室溫放置10m in,蒸餾水洗2m in×2次,PBS洗2m in×3次;③加正常羊血清封閉,37℃孵育10m in;④甩去多余正常血清,加兔抗鼠增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)(1:100,北京博奧森生物技術(shù)有限公司)或Ki67(1:100,艾菲生物技術(shù)有限公司)多克隆抗體,4℃孵育過夜,PBS沖洗3m in×3次;⑤滴加生物素標(biāo)記羊抗兔IgG(1:50,Abcam),37℃孵育10m in,PBS沖洗3m in×3次;⑥滴加過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的鏈酶素親和素,37℃孵育10m in,PBS沖洗3m in×3次;⑦滴加新鮮配制的DAB(DAB顯色試劑盒,DAKO公司)顯色液顯色,光鏡下控制時間,充分水洗;⑧蘇木素復(fù)染,常規(guī)脫水、透明、封片。陰性對照采用PBS液代替一抗,其余步驟及試劑不變;陽性對照采用自身對照,陰性對照細(xì)胞及組織無染色,陽性反應(yīng)為棕黃色。結(jié)果采用HPIAS-1000高清晰度彩色病理圖文報告管理系統(tǒng)檢測陽性反應(yīng)顆粒的平均光密度。

3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理

結(jié) 果

1 動物一般情況

對照組小鼠生長情況良好,皮毛光亮,進(jìn)食進(jìn)水正常;實驗組小鼠隨造模時間的延長,動物體重逐漸減輕,活動減少,進(jìn)食進(jìn)水量及尿量均明顯高于對照組。觀察期間對照組和實驗組分別死亡0只和2只。實驗組小鼠中3只空腹血糖升高不明顯(<10mmol/L),余15只均納入本研究。

2 糖尿病小鼠睪丸內(nèi)生精細(xì)胞減少

圖1 糖尿病小鼠睪丸組織HE染色檢測。A,對照組;B,糖尿病組;比例尺,50μmFig. 1 HE staining of the testis tissue of diabetic m ice. A, control group; B, diabetic group; scale bar, 50μm

肉眼觀察可見糖尿病小鼠的睪丸及附睪體積偏小。HE染色標(biāo)本顯示,兩組小鼠睪丸的精子發(fā)生均活躍,生精小管內(nèi)均可見各級生精細(xì)胞(圖1A,圖1B)。糖尿病小鼠睪丸生精小管內(nèi)未見生精細(xì)胞大量脫落,但少數(shù)切片可于精子發(fā)生前半期的生精小管內(nèi)生精細(xì)胞排列疏松,細(xì)胞層數(shù)偏少(圖1B),對照組小鼠睪丸切片未見異常(圖1A)。此外,糖尿病小鼠睪丸間質(zhì)萎縮明顯,間質(zhì)中的Leydig細(xì)胞形態(tài)大小及數(shù)量相對較少。

3 糖尿病小鼠生精小管內(nèi)PCNA與Ki67免疫反應(yīng)性降低

免疫組織化學(xué)染色顯示,PCNA及Ki67免疫反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物均定位于細(xì)胞核中,為棕褐色顆粒狀;與對照組比較,糖尿病小鼠生精小管中,PCNA及Ki67免疫反應(yīng)性明顯減弱(圖2,表1)。

表1 PCNA及Ki67蛋白在正常及糖尿病小鼠睪丸組織中表達(dá)水平統(tǒng)計分析Tab. 1 Statistical analysis of the levels of PCNA and Ki67 in the testis tissue of norm al and diabetic m ice

圖2 糖尿病小鼠睪丸組織內(nèi)PCNA和Ki67表達(dá)的免疫組織化學(xué)檢測。比例尺,50μmFig. 2 Immunohistochem ical detection of the expression of PCNA and Ki67 in the testis tissue of diabetic m ice. Scale bar, 50μm

討 論

糖尿病的慢性高血糖狀態(tài)對精子的發(fā)生有明顯影響,但其確切的分子機制至今尚未明了[4-7]。PCNA由M iyachi等于1978年在SLE(系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡)患者的血清中首次發(fā)現(xiàn),因其只存在于正常增殖細(xì)胞及腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)而得名。PCNA是一種分子量為36KD的蛋白質(zhì),在細(xì)胞核內(nèi)合成,并存在于細(xì)胞核內(nèi),為DNA聚合酶δ的輔助蛋白,與細(xì)胞DNA合成關(guān)系密切[8,9]。在細(xì)胞核內(nèi)存在可溶性與不溶性兩種PCNA,可溶性PCNA在細(xì)胞周期各期中均有表達(dá),其量在DNA合成過程中不發(fā)生明顯變化;不溶性PCNA較穩(wěn)定,在G0~G1期細(xì)胞中無明顯表達(dá),G1晚期,其表達(dá)大幅度增加,S期達(dá)到高峰,G2~M期明顯下降,其量的變化與DNA合成一致。Ki67也是一種增殖細(xì)胞相關(guān)的核抗原,其功能與有絲分裂密切相關(guān)。Ki67表達(dá)范圍覆蓋除G0期以外的各增殖周期細(xì)胞[10]。因此,PCNA和Ki67所攜帶的增殖信息并非完全一致,兩者具有一定的互補性。因此,同時檢測PCNA和Ki67的表達(dá)更能全面、客觀地評價不同功能狀態(tài)下細(xì)胞或組織的增殖活性[11,12]。本文首先建立糖尿病小鼠模型,HE染色標(biāo)本觀察顯示兩組小鼠睪丸內(nèi)均可見各級生精細(xì)胞,與對照小鼠相比,糖尿病小鼠睪丸內(nèi)處于精子發(fā)生前半期的生精小管內(nèi)生精細(xì)胞排列疏松,細(xì)胞層數(shù)偏少,附睪管內(nèi)精子密度相對較低,提示高糖可以影響精子的發(fā)生;免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果顯示,PCNA及Ki67在糖尿病組小鼠睪丸生精小管中的表達(dá)均較正常組對照組明顯降低,推測高糖可能通過降低生精細(xì)胞的增殖活性進(jìn)而影響睪丸精子的發(fā)生,但其確切機制有待進(jìn)一步探討。

[1] Shi GJ, Li ZM, Zheng J, et al. Diabetes associated w ith male reproductive system damages: Onset of presentation, pathophysiological mechanisms and drug intervention. Biomed Pharmacother, 2017, 90: 562-574.

[2] Ding GL, Liu Y, Liu ME, et al. The ef ects of diabetes on male fertility and epigenetic regulation during spermatogenesis. Asian J Androl, 2015, 17(6): 948-953.

[3] Rizvi S, Raza ST, Rahman Q. Role of GNB3, NET, KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and GRL genes single nucleotide polymorphism in the risk prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biotech, 2016, 6(2): 255.

[4] Kettner LO, Matthiesen NB, Ram lau-Hansen CH, et al. Fertility treatment and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus: a nationw ide cohort study of 565,116 live births. Fertil Steril, 2016, 106(7): 1751-1756.

[5] Abdelali A, A l-Bader M, Kilarkaje N. Ef ects of Trans-Resveratrol on hyperglycem ia-induced abnormal spermatogenesis, DNA damage and alterations in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase signaling in rat testis. Toxicol Appl Pharm, 2016, 311: 61-73.

[6] Pergialiotis V, Prodromidou A, Frountzas M, et al. Diabetes mellitus and functional sperm characteristics: A meta-analysis of observational studies. J Diabetes Complicat, 2016, 30(6): 1167-1176.

[7] La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Di Mauro M, et al. Reproductive function in male patients w ith type 1 diabetes mellitus. Andrology, 2015, 3(6): 1082-1087.

[8] Jo U, Cai W, Wang, JM, et al. PCNA-Dependent Cleavage and Degradation of SDE2 Regulates Response to Replication Stress. PloS Genet, 2016, 12(12): e1006465.

[9] Han X, Lu H, Li S, et al. Cell morphologic changes and PCNA expression w ithin craniofacial sutures during monkey Class III treatment. Orthod Craniofa Res, 2016, 19(4): 181–189.

[10] M in KW, Kim DH, Do SI, et al. High Ki67/BCL2 index is associated w ith worse outcome in early stage breast cancer. Postgrad Med J, 2016, 92 (1094): 707-714.

[11] Cosarca AS, Mocan SL, Pacurar M, et al.The evaluation of Ki67, p53, MCM 3 and PCNA immunoexpressions at the level of the dental follicle of impacted teeth, dentigerous cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors. Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2016, 57(2): 407-412.

[12] Jurikova M, Danihel L, Polák ?, et al. Ki67, PCNA, and MCM proteins: Markers of proliferation in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Acta Histochem, 2016, 118(5): 544-552.

Decreased spermatogenic cell number and expression of PCNA and K i67 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic m ice

Fan Furong1, Zhang Kuim ing2, Tang Zhaosheng3, Zhu Zhen4, Hua Yanfei4, Xiao Tianyu4, Wang Lin5*
(1Department of Plastic Surgery,2Department of Neurosurgery,3Department of Endocrinology,4Department of Pathology, Shanghai Dongfang Hospital, Shanghai 200120;5Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China)

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 in the testis of normal and diabetic mice so as to study the ef ect of diabetes on the proliferation of spermatogenic cells.M ethodsThirty normal male C57BL/6 m ice were random ly divided into a control group (n=10) and a DM group (n=20). The diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin into C57BL/6 mouse, while the same volume of citric acid-sodium citrate buf er was injected in the control group m ice. The m ice were killed three weeks after model establishment, the testes and epididymes were sampled, f xed, then embedded in paraf n, sectioned, stained by HE, and the morphological changes were observed under microscope. The immunohistochem ical SP method and image analysis technique were employed to detect and analyze the expression of PCNA and Ki67 in the testis tissue.ResultsHE staining showed that in the diabetic group, the germ cells at the earlier stage of the spermatogenic cycle were loosely arranged in the sem iniferous tubule, the number of cell layers was decreased, and the sperm density in the ductus epididym idis was relatively low. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of PCNA and Ki67 was signif cantly lower in the diabetic group than in the normal group (P<0.01).ConclusionHigh glucose concentration may impact spermatogenesis by inhibiting the proliferation of spermatogenic cells.

Spermatogenic cell; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Ki67; diabetes mellitus

R329.1

ADOI:10.16705/ j. cnki. 1004-1850.2017.03.002

2017-03-10

2017-06-13

樊芙蓉,女(1972年),漢族,主治醫(yī)師

*通訊作者(To whom correspondence should be addressed):lin.wang@whu.edu.cn

猜你喜歡
生精組織化學(xué)菌素
卷丹的顯微及組織化學(xué)觀察
勘誤聲明
檢測中生菌素的高效液相色譜法
miR-27a和miR-605基因的多態(tài)性與嚴(yán)重生精障礙的相關(guān)性研究
精杞膠囊對大鼠生精功能損傷的保護(hù)作用
顯微鏡取精助懷孕
新疆貝母屬8種藥用植物地上部位葉的組織化學(xué)研究
高脂飲食誘導(dǎo)大鼠生精功能障礙
多黏菌素E和多黏菌素B:一模一樣,還是截然不同?
多指標(biāo)測定黃曲霉毒素B1和伏馬菌素B1聯(lián)合毒性