文/唐老雅

雅思寫(xiě)作題材解析及習(xí)作修改（六）
——工作/生活類(lèi)

文/唐老雅1

一、雅思“工作/生活類(lèi)”題材考情分析

“工作/生活類(lèi)”是雅思作文的高頻話(huà)題，平均每年出現(xiàn)5次左右?？键c(diǎn)及分布如下：

1. 工作類(lèi)，包括：（1）對(duì)于工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短的討論；（2）工作滿(mǎn)意度；（3）對(duì)于工作地點(diǎn)的選擇；（4）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該由年輕人擔(dān)任，還是老年人擔(dān)任？（5）經(jīng)常更換工作是好還是壞？

2. 生活類(lèi)，包括：（1）購(gòu)買(mǎi)名牌是好是壞？（2）生活質(zhì)量降低的原因？

3.社交類(lèi)，包括：（1）現(xiàn)代社會(huì)通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物、工作和交流是好是壞？（2）手機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)人們的聯(lián)系起重要作用是好是壞？（3）寫(xiě)信會(huì)否消失，寫(xiě)信是否重要？

4. 其他，如：極限運(yùn)動(dòng)是否應(yīng)該被制止還是讓人們自由選擇？

工作與生活往往放在一起討論，因此我們將兩類(lèi)話(huà)題合二為一。這類(lèi)話(huà)題，有如下觀點(diǎn)可資借鑒：（1）工作是養(yǎng)家糊口的手段（means of making a living)，但人們也期待從中獲得滿(mǎn)足感（derive satisfaction from their work)；（2）隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，我們的工作和生活往往不可再截然分開(kāi)（inseparable)；（3）很多人為了提高生活質(zhì)量而加班工作，其結(jié)果是與家人的陪伴減少，反而降低了生活質(zhì)量；（4）經(jīng)常更換工作可能有助于自我提升，但長(zhǎng)期不穩(wěn)定也不利于生活幸福；（5）失業(yè)率上升的原因很多，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生增多只是增加了高端工作的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，解決失業(yè)率問(wèn)題的最終辦法還是創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

二、雅思“工作/生活類(lèi)”題材經(jīng)典考題

1. Some people believe that the country would bene fi t a lot from more youngpeople entering into university; however， others think that the large number of people receiving college education only leads to graduate unemployment. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2016/06/16)

2. People’s shopping habits depend more on the age group they belong to than any other factor. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2016/04/30)

3. It is suggested that all the young adults should undertake a period of unpaid work helping people in the community. Does it bring more benefits or drawbacks to the community and the youth? (2015/07/04)

4. The leaders or directors of organizations are often older people. But some people say that young people can also be a leader. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2015/01/01)

三、雅思“媒介類(lèi)”題材習(xí)作修改題目

In modern society, it is possible to go shopping, work and communicate via the Internet without face-to-face contact with one another. To what extent do you think this is a positive or negative development?

學(xué)生習(xí)作

With the development of the society， Internet becoming more and more popular among people all over the world.Even in recent years， many online shopping makes people’s lives convenient in many aspects. People can go shopping， work and communicate through the Internet without face-to-face contact with others， Internet really changes people’s everyday life.

Internet connects people from all over the world. People with different culture can easily contact one another in different countries. In the past， it is extremely difficult for people in different countries to develop an international trade， they usually send letters to con fi rm the details about the trade and it often costs so much time and takes more inconvenience，but in recent years， with the development of the Internet， people can send an e-mail that others can receive it instantly and it totally decrease the transaction times between these two parties.In the past， we could hardly believe how people can go shopping just online， but now， it really comes true and gives more convenience to people who don’t havethe time to shopping outside.

Every coin has two sides. Internet also makes people lazy. As we all know，we can do everything through the Internet so that we will not write things by hands or do something personally. Also， there are a lot of bad and harmful information on the Internet and people in lower ages may be easily affected.Even if you are not addicted to the Internet or any other technology， you may be struggling with its enticement.

As far as I’m concerned， Internet really gives more convenience to people’s everyday life， but there are also many bad things that will lure people away from morality. Therefore， people should use the Internet properly and make everything in charge.

評(píng)分：5.5

唐老雅評(píng)改

本題的核心是：網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓人們不再需要面對(duì)面交流，這在何種程度上是好事，何種程度上是壞事？這個(gè)題目不難，因?yàn)槲覀兤綍r(shí)都在討論這樣的問(wèn)題。網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓我們購(gòu)物、工作和交流都變得快捷簡(jiǎn)單，降低成本，提高效率，但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)也帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題，那就是人與人之間的關(guān)系逐漸演變成人與機(jī)器之間的關(guān)系，人們的朋友越來(lái)越少，因此變得越來(lái)越孤獨(dú)。因此，這個(gè)題目需要論證的就是兩個(gè)方面（一定要圍繞網(wǎng)絡(luò)與交流之間的關(guān)系來(lái)討論）：一、網(wǎng)絡(luò)給我們的交流帶來(lái)的益處；二、網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓我們與世界失去真實(shí)的聯(lián)系，從而產(chǎn)生了一系列不良的后果。

本學(xué)生習(xí)作語(yǔ)言比較正確（個(gè)別地方表達(dá)不清楚），邏輯也比較順暢。第三段論述網(wǎng)絡(luò)的壞處，但與人際交流完全沒(méi)有關(guān)系，因此嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，本段寫(xiě)偏了，因此也影響了得分。

第1段

With the development of the society， Internet becoming more and more popular among people all over the world. Even in recent years， many online shopping makes people’s lives convenient in many aspects. People can go shopping， work and communicate through the Internet without face-to-face contact with others， Internet really changes people’s everyday life.

[老 雅 修 改 ] With the development of society， Internet is becoming moreand more popular among people all over the world. People can go shopping， work and communicate through Internet without face-to-face contact with others， so Internet has really changed people’s everyday life.

[老雅評(píng)析] 本段為開(kāi)頭段，先引出話(huà)題，然后重述原文觀點(diǎn)。讓老雅不解的是，為什么在引入句后寫(xiě)一句“Even in recent years， many online shopping makes people’s lives convenient in many aspects”。本題目的話(huà)題并不是專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)online shopping，為什么要畫(huà)蛇添足這么一句？老雅建議去掉這樣的句子。另外，本段最后兩句是流水句，應(yīng)該增加連接詞。

第2段

Internet connects people from all over the world. People with different culture can easily contact one another in different countries. In the past， it is extremely difficult for people in different countries to develop an international trade， they usually send letters to con fi rm the details about the trade and it often costs so much time and takes more inconvenience， but in recent years， with the development of the Internet， people can send an e-mail that others can receive it instantly and it totally decrease the transaction times between these two parties.In the past， we could hardly believe how people can go shopping just online， but now， it really comes true and gives more convenience to people who don’t have the time to shopping outside.

[老雅修改] Internet connects people from every corner of the world. People with different cultural background can easily contact one another. For example，in the past， it was extremely dif fi cult for people of different countries to develop an international trade. At that time， they confirmed the details of their trade by sending letters to each other， which often cost much time and energy. But nowadays， with the development of the Internet， people can send e-mails that others can receive instantly so that the transaction time is signi fi cantly reduced.Decades ago， we could hardly believe that people could buy things they want online， but now， this has come true and made shopping very convenient for people.

[老雅評(píng)析] 本段論述網(wǎng)絡(luò)給人們交流帶來(lái)的好處，主要著眼于網(wǎng)絡(luò)使人們交流更為容易，更節(jié)約時(shí)間。論證時(shí)使用了舉例法。（1）all over the world已經(jīng)在第一段中出現(xiàn)，為避免重復(fù)，改為every corner of the world，這個(gè)改動(dòng)看起來(lái)平淡無(wú)奇，但卻避免了重復(fù)，讓考官不能在這里找茬扣分。（2）“... they usually send letters to con fi rm the details about the trade and it often costs so much time and takes more inconvenience ...”一句中，時(shí)態(tài)完全是錯(cuò)亂的，明明講過(guò)去（in the past），卻一直在用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。老雅有時(shí)候非常不解，我們的學(xué)生為什么要這樣呢？也許答案還是要?dú)w結(jié)到漢語(yǔ)的影響：漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)系統(tǒng)，這就需要我們有意識(shí)地去克服漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法帶來(lái)的負(fù)面作用。另外，本句平淡無(wú)奇，完全可以改換一下句型，博得考官的好印象：... they con fi rmed the details of their trade by sending letters to each other，which often cost much time and energy ...

第3段

Every coin has two sides. Internet also makes people lazy. As we all know，we can do everything through the Internet so that we will not write things by hands or do something personally. Also， there are a lot of bad and harmful information on the Internet and people in lower ages may be easily affected.Even if you are not addicted to the Internet or any other technology， you may be struggling with its enticement.

[老雅修改 ] However， while making it unnecessary for people to communicate face-to-face， Internet may also bring about some negative effects. In the first place， Internet makes people lazy. As we all know， we can do almost everything through Internet so that we do not have to write anything by hand or do anything ourselves. In fact， many of my friends now complain that they cannot spell words correctly. In addition， without face-to-face contact， many people now do not know how to make friends with others， so when they get of fl ine， they feel they are at odds with the real world.

[老雅評(píng)析] 本段論述網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)人與人交流造成的負(fù)面影響。原文言之無(wú)物，同時(shí)還脫離了主題（網(wǎng)絡(luò)上有很多錯(cuò)誤信息與人與人交流的主題關(guān)系不大），因此是非常失敗的一個(gè)段落。（1） 本段缺乏一個(gè)明確的主題句，應(yīng)增添上。（2）every coin has two sides這樣的短語(yǔ)應(yīng)在雅思寫(xiě)作中盡量避免，因?yàn)樗翢o(wú)新意，只能讓考官皺眉頭。

第4段

As far as I’m concerned， Internet really gives more convenience to people’severyday life， but there are also many bad things that will lure people away from morality. Therefore， people should use the Internet properly and make everything in charge.

[老雅修改 ] As far as I’m concerned， Internet does make communication among people more convenient， yet it also has the potential to prevent people from establishing real friendship and thus destroy human relationships. Therefore， we should use Internet properly and try to bring everything under control.

[老雅評(píng)析] 結(jié)尾段完全沒(méi)有提及題目的關(guān)鍵詞，即“交流”。 □

（與唐老雅繼續(xù)交流，請(qǐng)加微信號(hào)ieltswriting4u）

Most Famous Dogs in History (6)Pavlov’s Dogs

Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov won a Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1904 for his classical experiments on “conditioned reflex”—specifically， on the digestive glands of dogs.

This photo is of one of the many dogs Pavlov used in his experiments. It is preserved at the Pavlov Museum in Ryazan， Russia. The device on the side of the dog’s head is a saliva catch container and tube， surgically implanted in the dog’s muzzle. As gruesome as this is， Pavlov’s work was novel at the time， because it didn’t require the dogs to undergo vivisection and be killed at the end of the experiment.

In 2011， a BBC production called The Brain: A Secret History detailed that Pavlov and his associates also conducted similar experiments on children.

1 唐偉勝，廣東外語(yǔ)外貿(mào)大學(xué)教授，博士，英美文學(xué)研究專(zhuān)家。