建筑設(shè)計(jì)：LPO建筑事務(wù)所，克里斯汀·京森斯·特內(nèi)斯圖思

瑟倫加海浴場(chǎng)，奧斯陸，挪威

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：LPO建筑事務(wù)所，克里斯汀·京森斯·特內(nèi)斯圖思

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

來自奧斯陸的LPO建筑事務(wù)所與來自奧胡斯的建筑師克里斯汀·亨森斯·特內(nèi)斯圖恩以公共漂浮公園的核心概念贏得了2005年瑟倫加港的布局與設(shè)計(jì)競賽。考慮到發(fā)生幾率很小但不可完全排除的潛在船只事故，需要對(duì)碼頭上的新住宅設(shè)置防護(hù)。技術(shù)上的解決措施是將淺水區(qū)拉近碼頭，從而形成新的沙灘區(qū)域。公園的概念是通過對(duì)陸地區(qū)與漂浮結(jié)構(gòu)之間的切分，使水成為公園中最具活力的部分。碼頭木質(zhì)表面的防波堤，作為一個(gè)粗野表現(xiàn)風(fēng)格的大型開放空間，同時(shí)意圖將前港口結(jié)構(gòu)的元素反映出來。

瑟倫加港新的娛樂設(shè)施區(qū)域不僅為新的居民設(shè)立，也將令整座城市受益。不僅是在奧斯陸正經(jīng)歷重大城市變革的區(qū)域，就連缺乏與海域連接的內(nèi)城，這里的沙灘與海水泳池都已成為頗受歡迎的度假地。

瑟倫加港的中間區(qū)域提供了一處新的公園，逐漸延展入海灘中。貫穿碼頭范圍的新港口漫步道在盡頭延伸為一座浮于水面上、帶有跳水板的木質(zhì)防波堤，一座分泳道的50m泳池，和一座200m2的海水泳池。沙灘與海水泳池朝向峽灣，擁有望向霍夫多亞和城市中心區(qū)域的廣闊視野；此外還包括新的集裝箱貨物區(qū)與奧斯陸歌劇院。新的區(qū)域?yàn)橄募居H水活動(dòng)提供了可能，同時(shí)也作為全年性的娛樂活動(dòng)區(qū)。除既可用于訓(xùn)練也可用于比賽的50m海水泳池外，還設(shè)有一座跳水臺(tái)，以及就座區(qū)和露天洗浴。漂浮結(jié)構(gòu)和所有構(gòu)件都被木板包覆，通過材料的使用將防波堤與港口漫步道聯(lián)結(jié)在一起。

防波堤采用外覆木板的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，長190m，寬28m。這座大約3700m2的防波堤重達(dá)4650t，在混凝土中內(nèi)含了5800m3的防水聚苯乙烯。公園與漫步道在設(shè)計(jì)上普遍考慮了物質(zhì)性轉(zhuǎn)換、坡道性漸變以及方向性選擇。全部的木材覆面區(qū)域都采用挪威研發(fā)的Kebony技術(shù)。Kebony技術(shù)是一種環(huán)境友好的專利工法，它能夠使用一種生物基液體，來提升可持續(xù)軟質(zhì)木材的性能。這一工序永久改變了木細(xì)胞壁，賦予Kebony產(chǎn)品優(yōu)質(zhì)的硬質(zhì)木材特征，以及豐富的棕色外觀。隨著時(shí)間推移，材料表面將會(huì)逐漸褪色，但仍保有其技術(shù)性能。（陳茜 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Bj?rvika Infrastruktur AS

客戶類型/Client Type: 公共項(xiàng)目/Public

主持建筑師/Lead Architects: LPO architects AS, Architect Kristine Jensens Tegnestue

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)/Project Location: 挪威奧斯陸/Oslo, Norway

功能/Function: 海濱公共區(qū)域/Waterfront public space

合作設(shè)計(jì)與顧問/Collaborators and Consultants:

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineering: Dr.Ing. A. Aas-Jacobsen AS電氣/Electrical: ElectroNova AS

土木土壤勘察/Civil, Soil and Survey: NGI (Norges Geotekniske Institutt)

項(xiàng)目管理/Project Management: Bj?rvika Infrastruktur AS建造單位/Construction Company: AF Anlegg Oslo

施工/Construction: Dr. tecn. Olav Olsen AS

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Architect: Norconsult AS, Grindaker AS

照明/Lighting: Halvor N?ss Belysningsdesigner, iGuzzini Norge AS.

建成時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2015

總建筑面積/Gross Built Area: 總面積/Total area 8700m2;使用面積/Usable floor area 3700m2

攝影/Photos: Tove Lauluten(fig. 5-7,9-11,13), S?renga Utvikling AS(fig.3), MK AS(fig.1,4)

2 總平面/Site plan1-泳池/Pool 25×50m3-陽光床/Sunbeds5-淋浴/Shower7-沙土/Sand2-跳臺(tái)/Spring tower4-休息平臺(tái)/Living surfaces6-兒童沙灘/Children's beach8-草坪/Grass

3 實(shí)景/View of S?renga Sj?bad

4 實(shí)景/View of S?renga Sj?bad

5-7 細(xì)部實(shí)景/Detail views

The idea of a public, floating park was a key part of the masterplan and the design competition for S?renga pier, won in 2005 by LPO architects (Oslo) and Architect Kristine Jensens Tegnestue (Aarhus). New housing on the pier required protection from impacts by an unlikely, but possible, ship accident. The technical solution was to make the waters shallower nearer to the pier, which allowed for the new beach. The concept for the park is a division between the land side and a floating structure, in such a way that the water becomes the most active part of the park. The wooden surface of the jetty is a large open space, with a rough and robust expression, and is intended to reflect elements from former harbour structures.

The new recreational areas at S?renga pier are intended both for new inhabitants on the pier as well as for the whole city. The beach and sea water pool has become a very popular new recreational destination in a part of Oslo that is under major transformation, and for an inner city that has lacked physical contact with the sea.

The middle part of the S?renga pier has a new park area that extends into a beach. Around the whole pier a new harbour promenade culminates and extends into a wooden floating jetty with diving boards a 50-metre pool with lanes, and a 200m2seawater pool. The beach and sea water pool is exposed to the fjord and has a wide view out to the Hoved? yaisland and over the city centre, with the new Barcode area and the Oslo Opera house. The new areas offer opportunities to water-related activities in summer and is in use as a recreational area throughout the year. The 50-metre sea pool allows for training and competitions, and there is a diving tower, seating and open-air showers. The floating structure and all elements are covered with a timber decking, a materiality that binds the jetty and harbour promenade together.

The jetty is wood-covered concrete structure, measuring 190 metres long by 28 metres wide. It weighs 4650 tons and is about 3700 square metres. Inside the concrete there are 5800 cubic metre water resistant polystyrene. The park and promenade are universally designed with respect to materiality, transitions gradient of ramps and orientation options. All the wood-covered areas are in Kebony, a Norwegian-developed technology. Kebony is environmentally friendly, patented process, which enhances the properties of sustainable softwood with a bio-based liquid. The process permanently modifies the wood cell walls giving Kebony premium hardwood characteristics and a rich brown colour. Over time, the surface fades, but keeps its technical properties.

8 場(chǎng)地剖面/Site section

9.10 實(shí)景/Views of S?renga Sj?bad

11 實(shí)景/View of S?renga Sj?bad

評(píng)論

青鋒：相比于熱衷于造島的中東富豪們，瑟倫加海浴場(chǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)顯然更為聰明。陸地和水的直接關(guān)系被漂浮的木質(zhì)平臺(tái)定義成更為多元的聯(lián)系。并不是所有渴望在海水中漂浮的人都敢于挑戰(zhàn)大海的無限與放任。瑟倫加海浴場(chǎng)創(chuàng)造出了一片介于人工與海洋之間的緩沖領(lǐng)域，讓不同的人以不同的方式去接觸陽光、海水與木質(zhì)的溫暖。一座沒有船?？康拇a頭、不會(huì)飄走的浮筏、并非由混凝土與石頭建造的防波堤，這座公園能給人們的閑暇時(shí)光留下充分的想象空間。

佘依爽：Kebony技術(shù)使得木棧道與平臺(tái)具有耐用性，這給予了設(shè)計(jì)師最大限度延展木材料特性與使用體驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)，拓寬了設(shè)計(jì)的邊界。設(shè)計(jì)在沒有任何水生植物的點(diǎn)綴下，仍舊能體現(xiàn)其生態(tài)的友好性。這一區(qū)域的更新與激活是奧斯陸政府非常重要的任務(wù)，巨大的開放空間和充分的使用性，無疑讓其成為最具有靈活度的城市空間。

12 細(xì)部圖/Detail drawings

13 實(shí)景/View of S?renga Sj?bad

Comment

QING Feng: Compared with the Middle East millionaires who love creating islands, S?renga Sj?bad's design is obviously smarter. The direct connection between land and water has been defined by the floating wooden platform to be more diversified. Not all people who desire floating in the sea dare to challenge the infinity and indulgence of the ocean. S?renga Sj?bad created a buffer area between artificiality and the ocean, to allow different people to contact sunlight, sea water and the warmth of wood in different ways. A pier that no ship docks, a raft that won't drift away, a dam that is not made of concrete and stone, this park can leave sufficient space for imagination in people's leisure time. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

SHE Yishuang: Kebony technology makes the wood plank and platform durable, which gives designers the greatest extension of the characteristics of wood materials and its experience, broadening the design boundary. In the absence of any aquatic plants as ornament, the floating structure could still be able to reflect its ecological friendliness. The renewal and activation of this area is a very important task for the Oslo government. Without doubt, the huge open space and its full use make it one of the most flexible urban space. (Translated by QI Yiyi)

Architects: LPO arkitekter, Kristine Jensens Tegnestue

14 細(xì)部圖/Detail drawings