建筑設(shè)計(jì)：3RW建筑事務(wù)所

格內(nèi)維索恩學(xué)生住宅，卑爾根，挪威

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：3RW建筑事務(wù)所

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

位于格內(nèi)維索恩的學(xué)生住宅項(xiàng)目試圖回答當(dāng)今城市發(fā)展中所面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一：如何為大量的需要在市中心以低廉預(yù)算解決住房問(wèn)題的人們創(chuàng)造良好的建筑？

如今，有27,000名學(xué)生分布在卑爾根這座城市的各種學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)里。規(guī)劃的宿舍若能順應(yīng)未來(lái)學(xué)生的需求，將加強(qiáng)它們?cè)诔鞘形枧_(tái)上積極的參與作用?，F(xiàn)在，這個(gè)城市為住宅實(shí)踐提供了廣泛的社會(huì)舞臺(tái)，對(duì)它們的評(píng)價(jià)和更新是未來(lái)住宅戰(zhàn)略的重要步驟之一。格內(nèi)維索恩的轉(zhuǎn)型區(qū)位于市郊，距卑爾根市中心約20分鐘的步行距離。

該項(xiàng)目是一個(gè)由727個(gè)工廠預(yù)制模塊構(gòu)成的低成本建筑，通過(guò)船運(yùn)到施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。 格內(nèi)維索恩學(xué)生住宅項(xiàng)目是歐洲最大的模塊化建筑之一。宿舍由小型居住單元和公共職能區(qū)組成，分布在17個(gè)不同的建筑群組中，高低錯(cuò)落，最高可達(dá)8層樓。該項(xiàng)目最終由兩個(gè)單獨(dú)的體塊構(gòu)成。分為兩個(gè)獨(dú)立區(qū)塊的策略確保了整體目標(biāo)的達(dá)成：即與周邊地區(qū)和市中心保持明確而開放的視覺(jué)及物理聯(lián)系。

2 總平面/Site plan

在每個(gè)體塊內(nèi)部，建筑連接著朝向開放內(nèi)庭院的外部走廊。外廊的寬度為3m，因此它們既可作為住房單元的交通連廊，也可作為寬敞的戶外公共空間，用于各種社交活動(dòng)。這樣一來(lái)，外部走廊就成了住宅單元與公共區(qū)域之間的半公共區(qū)域，有著明確的空間定義。開放的內(nèi)部庭院被開發(fā)為具有不同花園和運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的公共室外空間，可用于舉辦各種活動(dòng)。

該項(xiàng)目總共可容納約1000名學(xué)生，預(yù)計(jì)將對(duì)卑爾根的整體租金水平產(chǎn)生積極的影響。如過(guò)去一年所見(jiàn)，該項(xiàng)目可降低私人市場(chǎng)的租金價(jià)格，避免其進(jìn)一步不受控制的增長(zhǎng)。 （齊軼昳 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: SiB Studentsamskipnaden i Bergen

地點(diǎn)/Location: Bergen, Norway

功能/Program: 727個(gè)學(xué)生公寓/727 student apartments

合作設(shè)計(jì)/Design Partners: Smedsvig Landskapsarkitekter AS, Multiconsult AS

承建商/Contractor: Faktor Industrier AS, Norsk betontindustri AS規(guī)模/Size: 20,750m2

項(xiàng)目時(shí)間/Project Period: 2009-2016

攝影/Photos: Cecilie Bannow

3.4 鳥瞰/Aerial views

The student housing at Gr?nneviks?ren is an attempt to answer one of our biggest challenges in today's growing cities: How to create good architecture for a great number of people who need homes of low budget in the city centre?

Bergen is today home to 27,000 students spread over various academic institutions in the city. Planning accommodation complying with the future student needs will strengthen their role as active participants in the urban arena. As of today, the city offers a wide range of social arenas for them to participate in. Their evaluation and renewal will be necessary to complete future residential strategies. The transformation area of Gr?nneviks?ren is located in the outskirts of the urban area with about 20 min. walking distance to the centre of Bergen.

5 平面/Plan

6 夜景/Night view

7.8 立面外景/Exterior views of fa?ade

The project is a low cost building based on 727 modules manufactured in a factory and transported by boat to the construction site. Gr?nneviks?ren represents one of the largest modular buildings in Europe. The student houses at Gr?nneviks?ren consist of small living units and common functions distributed inside 17 different building groups with varying heights up to 8 floors. The project is realised as two separate building blocks. This division into two independent blocks ensures the overall ambition of clearly open visual and physical connections to the surrounding areas and the city centre.

Inside each block the building groups are connected with external galleries addressed towards the open inner courtyards. The external galleries have a width of 3 metres which provide that they can both be used as access walkways for the individual housing units, and common spacious outdoor areas for social encounters and activities. This provides the external galleries a clear role as semi-public zones of interaction between the individual housing units and the public areas. The open inner courtyards are developed as public outdoor spaces with different gardens and playgrounds that contribute to a wide range of activities.

With a total capacity of around 1000 students, the project is expected to have a positive impact on the overall rent levels in Bergen. Reducing the prices in the private market and avoiding further uncontrolled increases, as it has done in the past year.

9 外立面模塊設(shè)計(jì)/Fa?ade module design

10 南立面/South elevation

11.12 細(xì)部實(shí)景/Detail views

13.14 景觀實(shí)景/Landscape views

評(píng)論

王韜：挪威人口稀少、冬季漫長(zhǎng)。公共空間是挪威公共建筑設(shè)計(jì)中一個(gè)重要的元素，以便在寒冷氣候下進(jìn)行“室外”活動(dòng)和社會(huì)活動(dòng)。如同這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的加寬連廊，既是宿舍樓間的交通聯(lián)系空間，也是日常交往互動(dòng)的地方。同時(shí)，作為世界平均收入最高的國(guó)家之一，挪威勞動(dòng)力昂貴，而可施工時(shí)間短，因此裝配式建筑得到大力發(fā)展，這是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目采用模塊化預(yù)制住宅單元的主要原因。此外，與完全自由市場(chǎng)社會(huì)不同，在具有社會(huì)民主主義傳統(tǒng)的挪威，通過(guò)社會(huì)營(yíng)建的方式拉低住房?jī)r(jià)格與租金是住房政策的傳統(tǒng)手段。挪威住宅建筑以上幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)都集中體現(xiàn)在這個(gè)大學(xué)宿舍項(xiàng)目中，可見(jiàn)居住建筑與行為習(xí)慣、技術(shù)選擇與社會(huì)條件之間密切的關(guān)系。

青鋒：或許柏拉圖仍然是正確的，在理念的恒久面前，現(xiàn)實(shí)的榮辱與起伏終將不值一提。勒·柯布西耶的多米諾體系就是這樣的理念。盡管從馬賽公寓到東京中銀大廈，很多人對(duì)這一理念的現(xiàn)實(shí)成果不屑一顧，并且將這樣的案例納入現(xiàn)代主義的罪證，但是格內(nèi)維索恩學(xué)生住宅這樣的項(xiàng)目再一次證明，一個(gè)卓越建筑理念的內(nèi)在力量往往是超越時(shí)代的。它之所以有效，在于我們今天面臨的問(wèn)題與100年前并沒(méi)有絕對(duì)的差異，尤其是在有著龐大北漂人口、被高昂房?jī)r(jià)日益扭曲的北京。

15 縱剖面/Longitudinal sections

Comment

WANG Tao: Norway has a relatively small population and very long winters. Public space is an important element in the design of public buildings in Norway, in order to carry out "outdoor" activities and social activities in the cold weather. Like the widened corridor in this project, it's not only the transportation space between the dormitories, but also a place for daily interaction. In the meantime, as Norway is one of the highest average income nations in the world, labour is expensive, and the available time for construction is short, so prefabricated construction has obtained rapid development. This may be the main reason for using modular prefabricated residential units in this project. In addition, different from complete free-market societies, in Norway, which has the tradition of social democracy, it is a traditional method of housing policy to reduce the real estate price and rent through social construction. The above characteristics of Norwegian residential buildings are all reflected in this university dormitory project. This shows the close relationship between residential buildings and behaviour habits, technology choice and social conditions. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

16 戶型設(shè)計(jì)/Plan layouts design

QING Feng: Perhaps Plato is still right - compared with the eternity of concepts, the honours and disgraces in reality will not be worth mentioning. Le Corbusier's Domino system is a concept like this. Although from Marseilles Unite Habitation to the Bank of China Tower in Tokyo, many people pay no respect to the real achievements of this concept, and even add these cases to the crime evidence of modernism. But projects like Gr?nneviks?ren student apartment proved again, that the internal force of a remarkable architectural concept is often beyond times. It is still effective because there is no actual difference between the problems we face today and those of 100 years ago, especially in Beijing, where there's a large number of immigrants, and is increasingly distorted by the high housing prices. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

Architects: 3RW arkitekter

17 外景/Exterior view