建筑設(shè)計(jì)：GASA事務(wù)所

費(fèi)斯迪卡廉學(xué)校，奧斯陸，挪威

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：GASA事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior view

GASA由一個(gè)協(xié)作的建筑師團(tuán)隊(duì)組成，是位于奧斯陸的建筑事務(wù)所，自其成立30年來一直重視環(huán)境問題。

費(fèi)斯迪卡廉學(xué)校是奧斯陸最早將幼兒園和初高中設(shè)于一座建筑中的設(shè)施，也稱F21。這座學(xué)校位于一片發(fā)展區(qū)中，并以多功能廳、圖書館、咖啡廳及居民聚會(huì)廳為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)提供服務(wù)。設(shè)計(jì)的目的是建立一座和諧的學(xué)校，將西側(cè)原火柴廠的舊工業(yè)建筑與東側(cè)的現(xiàn)代新建筑融為一體。歷史與現(xiàn)代建筑通過新建筑的第三層連接在一起。這一層的大門成為學(xué)校、咖啡廳和圖書館一目了然的主入口，它還通往北方的格勒沃爾廣場。所有的綜合教學(xué)區(qū)都位于新建筑中，科學(xué)試驗(yàn)室和藝術(shù)/媒體工作室等專業(yè)區(qū)在原建筑中。室內(nèi)連廳和兩座大樓梯將這些區(qū)域連接起來，便于師生輕松交流。新建筑上細(xì)密的暗色石掛板和大片玻璃立面與原火柴廠百年歷史的舊磚立面形成了鮮明對比。為保持新舊之間的和諧僅選用了幾種材料。所用的磚、混凝土、石材、木材、鋼和中密度纖維板都是耐久度很高的材料，有利于降低建筑的環(huán)境影響。顏色方案十分柔和，黑白灰層次分明。其意圖在于讓師生為這座學(xué)校帶來色彩與活力。建筑的通透與清晰的組織關(guān)系在設(shè)計(jì)中是十分重要的。學(xué)校的庭院組織關(guān)系明確，有各種活動(dòng)區(qū)。天窗和大片玻璃墻為學(xué)生與各系之間營造出整體上的視覺關(guān)系，并有利于建筑的良好采光條件。

原有的磚建筑需要大量翻修，而這是在當(dāng)?shù)剡z產(chǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)指導(dǎo)下完成的。幾乎所有的屋頂都更換一新，對原始的磚體進(jìn)行了翻修，窗戶改為雙層。地板是防氡的，同時(shí)鋪了新的混凝土板以改善熱效率。經(jīng)計(jì)算，整座建筑的凈能耗是每年128 KWh/m2?？紤]到建筑大部分原先都無保溫，這個(gè)結(jié)果是很好的。費(fèi)斯迪卡廉學(xué)校讓歷史與現(xiàn)代渾然一體，其獨(dú)特的教學(xué)區(qū)將成為奧斯陸發(fā)展區(qū)的催化劑。（尚晉 譯）

2.3 剖面/Sections

4 內(nèi)景/Interior view

5 外景/Exterior view

GASA - a group of collaborating architects, is an Oslo-based architectural firm that has had a strong environmental focus since its inception thirty years ago.

6.7 外景/Exterior views

Fyrstikkalleén School, also known as F21, is the first facility in Oslo to house kindergarten, middle and high schools in one building. The school is situated in an area under development, and serves the local community by offering a multi-purpose hall, library, cafeteria as well as a meeting place for the residents. The design intentions were to create a coherent school, fusing the old industrial buildings to the west, previously a match factory, together with a new modern school building to the east. The new and the old are linked by the new building's third floor, which creates a portal that serves as an easily identifiable main entrance to the school, cafeteria and library and as a thoroughfare to Gr?vold Square in the north. All general teachingareas are located in the new building, and specialised areas such as science labs and art/media studios are found in the existing building. An internal communication hallway and two large staircases connect the areas together and contribute to informal meetings between students and teachers. The precise dark stone cladding and extensive use of glass fa?ades on the new buildings results in a deliberate contrast to the 100-year old brick facades of the previous match factory. Only a few materials were specified in order to keep coherency between the old and new. Brick, concrete, stone, wood, steel and MDF are all highly durable materials which contribute to lowering the building's environmental impact. The colour scheme is gentle, with a palette of black, grey and white, with the thought that the students and teachers will give colour and vibrancy to the school. Transparency and clear organisation of the building has been important in the design of the facility. The school's courtyard is clearly organised with different activity zones. Skylights and extensive use of glass walls provide overall visual contact between students and departments, and contributes to excellent daylight conditions in the building.

The existing brick building was in need of extensive refurbishment, which was done in consultation with the local heritage authority. Almost all of the roofs were replaced with new structures; the original brickwork was refurbished as well as the windows which benefitted from a new double layer. The floors were radon proofed and a new concrete floor was laid out to improve thermal efficiency. The net energy use of the whole building was calculated at 128 kWh/m2per year and is a fine result considering large parts of the facility contains the existing un-insulated buildings. Fyrstikkalléen School is a sleek interplay between the historical and modern that provides unique learning areas that can be a catalyst for the area of Oslo that is under development.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Undervisningsbygg Oslo KF

功能/Program: 幼兒園、初中和高中/Kindergarten, Middle and High School

顧問/Consultants: Multiconsult, LINK Arkitektur AS Landskap

承建商/Contractor: Veidekke Entrepren?r AS

項(xiàng)目時(shí)間/Project Period: 2006-2010

項(xiàng)目面積/Project Area: 14,500m2

攝影/Photo: Jiri Havran

8 地下層平面/Basement floor plan

9 首層平面/Ground floor plan

10 二層平面/1st floor plan

11 內(nèi)景/Interior view

賈冬婷：如何激發(fā)工業(yè)建筑中的城市性與多樣性？這是由工廠改造而來的費(fèi)斯迪卡廉學(xué)校面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。尤其是作為一個(gè)從幼兒園到中學(xué)的一貫制學(xué)校，有效利用其清晰的秩序感，并增添更多的活力，是重要的改建方向。新功能更多由東側(cè)新建的校舍來承擔(dān)，弧形空間的使用、色彩的添加，強(qiáng)化了這一方向。而新舊兩個(gè)建筑力求一致的材料和配色方案，也是對歷史建筑從物質(zhì)層面到精神層面的尊重和延續(xù)。

評論

青鋒：橫跨空中的廊橋讓人不由自主地想起了格羅皮烏斯的德紹包豪斯校舍，實(shí)際上兩所學(xué)校的平面更為接近，風(fēng)車狀布局對于需要良好通風(fēng)采光的教育結(jié)構(gòu)是最理想的選擇之一。但是火柴廠的存在改變了一切，它就像人們在海邊所撿到的漂木，時(shí)間與海浪抹去了棱角，但仍然留下了它不變的質(zhì)感，熟悉，同時(shí)也陌生。勒·柯布西耶收集了很多這種漂木，羅西甚至不惜生造出煙囪與錐塔來模仿海邊的偶遇。費(fèi)斯迪卡廉學(xué)校的建筑師是幸運(yùn)的，他們遇到了寶貴的事物，并且知道如何去珍視它。

Comment

QING Feng: The newly built floor across the sky makes people thinking about the Bauhaus school in Dessau by Gropius. Actually the plans of the two schools are more similar: the windmill shaped layout is one of the most ideal choices for education structures that require good ventilation and lighting. But the existence of the match factory changed everything. It's like a piece of floating wood picked by the sea: time and waves erased the edges, but its invariable texture remains, familiar and strange. Le Corbusier collected a lot of these floating woods; Rossi even bothered creating chimneys and cone towers to imitate these accidental seaside encounters.The architects of Fyrstikkalleén School are lucky: they met precious things, and know how to treasure them. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

JIA Dongting: How can the urbanity and diversity of industrial architecture be evoked? The Fyrstikkalleén School project, which was converted from a factory, has faced such challenge. As a coherent school that offers kindergarten to secondary-school education, effectively utilising its sense of order and seasoning it with more vitality has become an important reconstruction approach. The fresh features in the newly built school building on the east side, as well as the utilisation of arc-shaped spaces and colours, have emphasised such an approach. The attempt to use the same materials and colour scheme for the old and new, illustrates the respect being paid to the historical building, from the physical level to the spiritual level. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

Fyrstikkalleén School, Oslo, Norway, 2010

Architects: GASA AS

12-15 內(nèi)景/Interior views