建筑設(shè)計(jì)：布拉克斯塔·哈夫納建筑事務(wù)所

于特島青年?duì)I地重建，于特島，挪威

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：布拉克斯塔·哈夫納建筑事務(wù)所

1 “安守堂”外景/Exterior view of Hegnhuset

2 總平面/Overall site plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶類型/Client Type: 公共/public

地點(diǎn)/Location: 奧斯陸于特島/Ut?ya, Oslo, Norway

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Erlend Blakstad Haffner

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Branko Belacevic, Vladimir Cvejic, Ivana Barandovski, Filip Antic, Petar Stelkic

功能/Program: 文化及社會(huì)性多功能，集約、展覽、紀(jì)念、會(huì)議、

特殊用途中心/Cultural and social mixed use, compact, exhibition, memorial, seminary, specialised centre

建筑面積/Floor Area: 767m2

單位造價(jià)/Unit Cost: €2768/m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2014

建成時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2016

攝影/Photos: Are Carlsen (fig.1,5,6,14-16,22,23), Espen Gr?nli (fig.3,4,9)

3 “安守堂”內(nèi)景/Interior view of Hegnhuset

“這座建筑有效地以創(chuàng)造性方式實(shí)現(xiàn)了在展望未來的同時(shí)銘記歷史的要求。設(shè)計(jì)精心地將原建筑的基底和基礎(chǔ)元素融合到新建筑中，使它在見證2011年7月22日此地發(fā)生災(zāi)難的同時(shí)兼顧追思和教育的作用。

于特島上的‘守安堂’將讓所有參觀者悼念那一天島上無辜逝去的69個(gè)生命，給身心創(chuàng)傷仍未愈合的人們送去慰藉和支持，并以無論災(zāi)難和損失如何慘痛都一定能且一定要發(fā)揚(yáng)的精神鼓舞新一代青年?！?/p>

——艾麗斯·格林沃爾德，紐約911國家紀(jì)念館館長

于特島

布拉克斯塔·哈夫納建筑事務(wù)所同工黨密切合作，為于特島重建青年?duì)I地設(shè)計(jì)方案。我們的理想是通過形式和功能體現(xiàn)和鞏固忠誠、團(tuán)結(jié)、多元與民主等價(jià)值觀。

為了在島上滿足這種活動(dòng)的功能要求，我們建立了許多小村子，里面有住宅、小巷、鐘樓，在島的最高處還開辟了一個(gè)大廣場。這個(gè)村子由許多小單元組成了一個(gè)大社區(qū)——象征了團(tuán)結(jié)和多元。

“托爾耶”

“托爾耶”是一座帶廚房、餐廳和會(huì)議室的建筑，為了開展活動(dòng)和民主討論而建?？臻g組織緊湊集約，而需要調(diào)整和發(fā)展時(shí)也十分靈活。其理想是實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)整潔、多元和具有集體性的項(xiàng)目，通過理性的組織讓于特島未來幾年的營地運(yùn)行良好有效。

“守安堂”

“守安堂”是于特島上新的教育中心。在這里，未來的青年人將通過各種故事和活動(dòng)來感受民主、言論自由、包容與多元。這些價(jià)值觀將不同政治界線之間的人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一個(gè)社會(huì)中，但7月22日恐襲證明這些價(jià)值觀絕不是想當(dāng)然成立的。

因此，原址上的小廳、大廳的局部和部分走廊都被保留在了新建筑中，那些彈痕依稀可見。當(dāng)時(shí)的19個(gè)幸存者因躲在衛(wèi)生間的門后而幸免遇難，衛(wèi)生間也因此被保留了下來。位于于特島的中心，這座建筑被稱作“守安堂”。

這座建筑有495根外柱，象征著于特島恐襲的每一個(gè)幸存者，并將守護(hù)著我們摯友與親人的故事和回憶。69根柱子直撐屋頂，代表了那些逝去的生命。（尚晉 譯）

"The architecture effectively and creatively meets the challenge of honoring the past while looking to the future. The design elegantly incorporates the footprint and foundational elements of the original structure into a new building that embraces both remembrance and learning all the while bearing witness to the terrible events that happened at this very site on 22 July 2011.

Hegnhuset on Ut?ya will enable all who visit to pay their respects to the 69 lives so senselessly taken on the island that day, offer comfort and solidarity to those still wounded in body and spirit, and inspire a new generation of youth with an understanding of the continuity of values that can and must endure, despite devastation and unthinkable loss."

—Alice M. Greenwald, Director National September 11 Memorial Museum, New York City

Ut?ya

BlakstadHaffnerArkitekter has been working closely with the Labour Youth Party with designing a strategy for re-establishing a political camp on the island of Ut?ya. Our ambition has been to reflect and reinforce values such as commitment, solidarity, diversity and democracy, through both form and function.

To facilitate the functional needs for the activity on the island we have established several small villages with houses, small streets, a belfry and a large town square on the very top of the island. This village consists of many small units that together add up to a bigger community: a symbol of unity and diversity.

Torget

To facilitate activity and democratic debate raised a new building with kitchen, dining room and meeting rooms. The organisation is compact and collected, but flexible when it comes to change and growth. The ambition is to create a clear, diverse and collective project which through a rational organisation may be making camp operations on Ut?ya strong and good in the years to come.

Hegnhuset

Hegnhuset is the new learning centre at Ut?ya. Here, future generations of young people through stories and activities to experience democracy, freedom of expression, tolerance and diversity. The values unite us as a society across political lines, but on 22 July proved that they can never be taken for granted.

The small hall, part of the great hall and parts of the corridor were directly affected by the massacre, even with bullet holes visible, have been preserved as part of the new building. The toilet area, where 19 survivors hid behind the thin doors from the terrorist, is also kept. In the heart of Ut?ya, this building is called "hegnhuset".

The building contains 495 exterior columns. These pillars, which symbolise all those who survived from the terror at Ut?ya, will defend the stories and memories of our friends and loved ones.The 69 bearing columns extend right up and support the roof, representing those who died.

4-6 “安守堂”內(nèi)景/Interior views of Hegnhuset

7 “安守堂”首層平面/Ground floor plan of Hegnhuset

8 “安守堂”地下層平面/Basement plan of Hegnhuset

9 “安守堂”細(xì)節(jié)實(shí)景/Detail view of Hegnhuset

10 “安守堂”北立面/North elevation of Hegnhuset

11 “安守堂”剖面/Section of Hegnhuset

12 “托爾耶”首層平面/Ground floor plan of Torget

13 “托爾耶”二層平面/1st floor plan of Torget

14.15 “托爾耶”內(nèi)景/Interior views of Torget

16 “托爾耶”外景/Exterior view of Torget

17.18 “托爾耶”剖面/Sections of Torget

19.20 “托爾耶”立面/Elevations of Torget

評(píng)論

周宇舫：至今難以相信這樣的恐怖襲擊會(huì)發(fā)生在于特島，這座有著美麗心形的安靜小島；也難以相信挪威人能用如此平和的心態(tài)和建筑來重建和紀(jì)念發(fā)生在此地的人間劫難。沒有標(biāo)志性的紀(jì)念物，有的是幾百根普通的木柱，圍合了一個(gè)靜穆的空間，圍合了原有建筑的局部，作為一種紀(jì)念和記憶。這些緊密排列的木柱，在陽光下，定義了一個(gè)精神性的氛圍和場所。在綠樹成蔭的環(huán)境中，暫時(shí)分離出一份寧靜，一份記憶和冥想……然后，再回到現(xiàn)實(shí)中。

“安守堂”的空間和材料邏輯讓人聯(lián)想到費(fèi)恩的海德馬克博物館，那一種將建筑放置于過去與此在環(huán)境之間的手法依然充滿意味，只是少了幾分海德馬克博物館的力度和歷史感。

賈冬婷：開放而非封閉，聚合而非隔絕，這是挪威人紀(jì)念恐怖襲擊的態(tài)度。69根柱子直撐屋頂，象征恐襲中逝去的年輕生命，強(qiáng)化了重建營地的紀(jì)念性。這種紀(jì)念是樸素的，木構(gòu)造、坡屋頂，將人帶入一種和緩平靜的溫情之中。這種紀(jì)念也是日常的，重建的營地不只是一個(gè)承載沉重回憶的博物館，而且還兼顧了聚會(huì)和活動(dòng)功能。被黑色包圍的幽閉空間，是對(duì)亡靈的懷念；而更多由木材、玻璃、彩色家具營造的開放空間，則寄托了對(duì)生的信念和希冀。

Comment

ZHOU Yufang: It is hard to believe that such a terrorist attack could occur in Ut?ya, a heart-shaped quiet island. It is also difficult to believe that the Norwegian people try to rebuild and commemorate the human disaster once happened here with such a peaceful architecture. There are no iconic monuments, but ordinary wooden pillars which symbolise the dead and the living. A quiet and solemn space is enclosed by them, with part of the original building inside, serving as a memorial and conjuring memory. Those closely arranged wooden pillars, under the sunlight, define a place of spiritual atmosphere. In a shaded environment, the architecture makes a temporary separation from the outer world, creating a place of tranquillity, memory and meditation... and then back to reality.

The space and material logic of Hegnhuset remind us of Sverre Fehn's Hedmark Museum. The approach of placing architecture in between the past and its current environment is still interesting and meaningful. In comparison with Hedmark Museum, however, the sense of history and strength is a little bit weaker in this one. (Translated by QI Yiyi)

JIA Dongting: The attitude of the Norwegian people towards the commemoration of the terrorist attack was of openness and integration rather than closeness and isolation. The significance of rebuilding the camp is highlighted through the 69 columns that hold up the building's roof. These symbolise the loss of young lives in the attack. Such memories of the dead can be found in its simplicity; the wooden structure and pitched roofs create a sense of tenderness, mild and peaceful. Moreover, the memories can also be observed during day-to-day activities: the rebuilt camp not only serves as a museum carrying the heavy memory, but also functions as a venue for events and activities. The enclosed, preserved space is utilised to cherish the memory of every fatality, while an open space that features wood, glass, and furniture expresses people's faith and hope in life. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

Architects: Blakstad Haffner Arkitekter

21 于特島總平面/Ut?ya island situation plan

22 外景/Exterior view

23 “托爾耶”和“安守堂”/View of Torget and Hegnhuset