魯麗娟+陳月梅
【摘要】 目的:研究分析三維適形放療治療食管癌的應(yīng)用與護(hù)理方式。方法:選取筆者所在醫(yī)院2014年5月-2016年5月食管癌患者124例分為兩組。所有患者采用三維適形放療治療,其中常規(guī)組應(yīng)用常規(guī)護(hù)理方式;優(yōu)質(zhì)組采用優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理方式。比較兩組患者食管癌治療總有效率;護(hù)理前后負(fù)性情緒、生存狀況、KPS評(píng)分;放射性食管炎、放射性皮炎等放療并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。結(jié)果:優(yōu)質(zhì)組患者食管癌治療總有效率顯著高于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);護(hù)理前,兩組患者負(fù)性情緒、生存狀況、KPS評(píng)分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。優(yōu)質(zhì)組護(hù)理后負(fù)性情緒、生存狀況、KPS評(píng)分顯著優(yōu)于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);優(yōu)質(zhì)組放射性食管炎、放射性皮炎等放療并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率顯著比常規(guī)組低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:三維適形放療治療食管癌應(yīng)用效果確切,輔以優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,可減輕患者負(fù)性情緒,減少放療并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,促進(jìn)患者健康水平和生活質(zhì)量的提高,值得推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 三維適形放療; 食管癌; 護(hù)理方式
doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2017.15.029 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 B 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2017)15-0053-02
Application of Three-dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer and Nursing Research/LU Li-juan,CHEN Yue-mei.//Chinese and Foreign Medical Research,2017,15(15):53-54
【Abstract】 Objective:To study the application and nursing of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.Method:124 patients with esophageal cancer in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were selected and divided into two groups.All patients were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,in which the routine group was treated with conventional nursing and the high quality group was treated with high quality nursing.The total effective rate of esophageal cancer was compared between the two groups.The negative emotion,survival condition,KPS score were compared before and after nursing.The incidence of complications including radiotherapy esophagitis and radiation dermatitis were compared.Result:The total effective rate of esophageal cancer in the high quality group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The negative emotion,survival condition and KPS score of the patients in the two groups were not significantly different before nursing(P>0.05).After high quality nursing,negative emotion,survival status,KPS score in the high quality group were significantly better than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).The radiation esophagitis,radiation dermatitis and other radiotherapy complications of the high quality group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for esophageal cancer has good application effect,with good care,can alleviate the negative emotions of patients,reduce the radiotherapy complications,promote patients health and improve the quality of life.It is worthy of promotion.
【Key words】 Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy; Esophageal cancer; Nursing methods
First-authors address:Xianning Center Hospital,Xianning 437100,China
食管癌是臨床常見(jiàn)惡性腫瘤,放療是食管癌治療的有效手段,但在放療期間容易出現(xiàn)放射性炎癥、皮炎等不良反應(yīng),給患者帶來(lái)身心痛苦,影響其生活質(zhì)量的提高,甚至導(dǎo)致患者不得不中斷治療,影響治療效果[1-2]。本研究就三維適形放療治療食管癌的應(yīng)用與護(hù)理方式進(jìn)行分析,報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取筆者所在醫(yī)院2014年5月-2016年5月食管癌患者124例進(jìn)行分組。所有患者經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢查確診。除外精神異常、意識(shí)障礙和無(wú)法堅(jiān)持完成放療療程的患者,所有患者知情同意本次研究。常規(guī)組食管癌患者62例,男40例,女22例;年齡50~81歲,平均(65.73±10.28)歲;鱗癌54例,腺癌8例。優(yōu)質(zhì)組食管癌患者62例,男39例,女23例;年齡49~81歲,平均(65.92±10.13)歲;鱗癌53例,腺癌9例。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性。
1.2 方法
所有患者采用三維適形放療治療,其中常規(guī)組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理方式;優(yōu)質(zhì)組采用優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理方式,具體如下:(1)放療前護(hù)理。放療前多數(shù)食管癌患者受疾病影響可存在身心痛苦,加上對(duì)治療的恐懼感,可存在較大的心理應(yīng)激,需關(guān)心、同情和鼓勵(lì)患者,建立良好護(hù)患關(guān)系,并對(duì)患者和家屬進(jìn)行放療知識(shí)的講解,實(shí)施過(guò)程、不良反應(yīng)和預(yù)防方法、注意事項(xiàng)等,消除患者內(nèi)心顧慮,更好配合治療。放療前加強(qiáng)對(duì)患者的營(yíng)養(yǎng)指導(dǎo),以增強(qiáng)其體質(zhì)。(2)放療過(guò)程護(hù)理。放療后2~3周,部分患者可出現(xiàn)放射性食管炎、放射性皮炎等并發(fā)癥,需加強(qiáng)對(duì)患者癥狀的觀察,并進(jìn)行有效的護(hù)理指導(dǎo)。在出現(xiàn)骨髓抑制時(shí)需暫停放療,并給予保護(hù)性隔離措施和升白細(xì)胞藥物,指導(dǎo)患者多進(jìn)食有利于升高白細(xì)胞的食物。出現(xiàn)氣管炎性反應(yīng)者需給予霧化吸入以濕潤(rùn)呼吸道黏膜。對(duì)食管炎性反應(yīng)者需給予流質(zhì)飲食,并指導(dǎo)患者小口進(jìn)食,吞咽動(dòng)作輕柔,避免進(jìn)食粗糙食物和辛辣刺激食物。進(jìn)食困難者需在每次進(jìn)食前給予地塞米松、慶大霉素和利多卡因等藥物治療,以減輕炎癥和緩解進(jìn)食痛苦,必要時(shí)給予補(bǔ)液。對(duì)皮炎者需注意穿著寬松、柔軟棉質(zhì)衣物,避免使用粗糙毛巾,避免抓撓皮膚,局部給予濕潤(rùn)燒傷膏等涂抹,對(duì)嚴(yán)重感染和破潰者需暫停治療。(3)放療后護(hù)理。在放療后對(duì)患者進(jìn)行肝腎功能、血常規(guī)等的全面檢查,囑咐患者生活保持規(guī)律,進(jìn)食豐富維生素和蛋白質(zhì)食物,促進(jìn)機(jī)體免疫力的提高。若出現(xiàn)不適感需及時(shí)就診。并在出院后2~3個(gè)月復(fù)查1次,之后每隔半年復(fù)查1次[3]。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
比較兩組患者食管癌總有效率(根據(jù)食管癌療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為完全緩解、部分緩解、穩(wěn)定、進(jìn)展四個(gè)級(jí)別,總有效率為完全緩解、部分緩解、穩(wěn)定比例之和[4]);比較兩組護(hù)理前后負(fù)性情緒、生存狀況、KPS評(píng)分;比較兩組放射性食管炎、放射性皮炎等放療并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本文數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 22.0軟件處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組食管癌治療總有效率比較
優(yōu)質(zhì)組患者食管癌治療總有效率顯著高于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組護(hù)理前后負(fù)性情緒、生存狀況、KPS評(píng)分比較
兩組患者負(fù)性情緒、生存狀況、KPS評(píng)分在護(hù)理前比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。護(hù)理后,優(yōu)質(zhì)組負(fù)性情緒、生存狀況、KPS評(píng)分顯著優(yōu)于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 兩組放射性食管炎、放射性皮炎等放療并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較
優(yōu)質(zhì)組放射性食管炎、放射性皮炎等放療并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率顯著低于常規(guī)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
3 討論
食管癌是我國(guó)高發(fā)腫瘤,多數(shù)患者早期無(wú)明顯癥狀,在確診時(shí)多處于中晚期,多以放療為主要治療手段。三維適形放療為新型放療方式,可根據(jù)腫瘤病灶立體形狀將射線聚焦在腫瘤靶區(qū),可避免和減輕周圍正常組織臟器的輻射損傷,減少并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,但治療過(guò)程護(hù)理不當(dāng)仍可引發(fā)放射性皮炎等并發(fā)癥[5-6]。優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理方式在食管癌三維適形放療治療過(guò)程中的實(shí)施可加強(qiáng)患者對(duì)三維適形放療治療的認(rèn)知和對(duì)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥的認(rèn)知,消除內(nèi)心顧慮,增加治療的配合度,并提高自我管理行為,積極參與到并發(fā)癥預(yù)防護(hù)理中,有助于減輕患者負(fù)性情緒,預(yù)防放療并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,對(duì)提高治療效果和改善患者生存質(zhì)量意義重大[7-8]。本研究中,所有患者采用三維適形放療治療方法,其中常規(guī)組采用常規(guī)護(hù)理方式;優(yōu)質(zhì)組采用優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理方式。結(jié)果顯示,優(yōu)質(zhì)組患者食管癌治療總有效率顯著高于常規(guī)組,優(yōu)質(zhì)組護(hù)理后負(fù)性情緒、生存狀況、KPS評(píng)分顯著優(yōu)于常規(guī)組,且優(yōu)質(zhì)組放射性食管炎、放射性皮炎等放療并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率顯著低于常規(guī)組。
綜上所述,三維適形放療治療食管癌應(yīng)用效果確切,輔以優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,可減輕患者負(fù)性情緒,減少放療并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,促進(jìn)患者健康水平和生活質(zhì)量的提高,值得推廣。
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