張春霞
(岷縣第二中學 甘肅 定西 748400)
摘 要:短文改錯是目前高考的必考項目,內(nèi)容較為淺顯,多為記敘文。該題并非難題,但得分率不高,考生在此題上往往失分較多,對該題感到束手無策。那么怎樣找出錯誤就成了解題的關(guān)鍵?,F(xiàn)本人結(jié)合英語教學經(jīng)驗,就如何培養(yǎng)學生短文改錯的能力,予以淺析。
關(guān)鍵詞:中學英語;短文;改錯
短文改錯對學生的要求較高,是對語言知識綜合運用能力的考查,考查學生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力,進而考查學生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平??忌诖祟}上往往失分較多,對該題感到束手無策。那么怎樣找錯誤就成了解題的關(guān)鍵。下面跟大家分享一下短文改錯題型的答題技巧。
一、短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則
1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別是每個句子要有動詞;2.謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài);3.非謂語動詞的用法;4.名詞的單、復數(shù),格的使用是否正確;5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;7.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞是否準確無誤;8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。
二、短文改錯解題四原則
改動以最少為原則;虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;實詞以改變詞形為原則;以保持句子原意為原則。
三、短文改錯解題步驟
通讀全文,掌握大意;整句分析,逐行推敲;反復通讀,復查驗證。
四、解題注意要點和能力培養(yǎng)
1.核對錯項時,若的確有一時難以改出的地方,可以參考所改動項是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一詞1個,缺詞1個,錯詞8個。2.核對改正的語法項目是否有重復。因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣,一般不會出現(xiàn)重復考查某個語法點的現(xiàn)象。3.核對答題符號是否規(guī)范,位置是否準確,看看有無遺漏符號、忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
五、短文改錯常見錯誤類型
1.謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點,常見動詞錯誤類型有①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用;②and前后動詞時態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致;④缺少動詞,特別是be動詞;⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;⑥主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。
A:They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did改為do,錯誤類型屬于①)B:As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys,visiting temples and told stories.(visiting改為visited,錯誤類型屬于②)C:One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.(was改為were,錯誤類型屬于③)D;There will an important game next month.(will后加be,錯誤類型屬于④)
2.名詞的常見錯誤:單復數(shù)名詞錯用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。
A:Ill get good marks in all my subject(subject改為subjects)B:Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words)C:Without enough knowledges,you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3.冠詞錯誤:誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞)
A:We maybe one family and live under a same roof.(a改為the,the same是固定搭配)B:As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of pants.(mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞,所以其前加a)C:I hope you have pleasant journey.((journey是可數(shù)名詞,故have后加a)
4.形容詞和副詞錯誤:系動詞(am/is/are/was/were/become/
go)和感官性動詞(smell/feel)后用形容詞;詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞和形容詞)。
A:Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (time是名詞,要用形容詞wonderful修飾) B:My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞,terribly改為terrible)
5.代詞錯誤:代詞的主格和賓格(I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us;they/them)錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/
themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。A:Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.(me改為myself) B:One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it)C:If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.(other后加-s) D:Whats more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.(him改為them)
6.非謂語動詞的常見錯誤:不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致;介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。
A:Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.(enjoy后需接動名詞,talk改為talking)B:But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語,應改為going)C:Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.(介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語,read改為reading)
7.介詞錯誤:詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用。A:There are too many people among my family.(among改為in,in my family為固定搭配)B:the moment my head touched the pillow.(去掉at,the moment引導從句)