薛棟 靳繼?!∠男蘖肌⊥踅◤?qiáng) 王雯 成丕光 李新軍 鞏本剛
【摘要】 目的:探討Livin對(duì)甲狀腺乳頭狀癌TPC-1細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡及侵襲的影響以及可能的調(diào)控分子機(jī)制。方法:構(gòu)建靶向Livin基因的慢病毒shRNA載體,轉(zhuǎn)染甲狀腺乳頭狀癌細(xì)胞株TPC-1,實(shí)驗(yàn)分為干擾組、陰性對(duì)照組和空白組。應(yīng)用RT-PCR和Western印跡檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染Livin-shRNA后細(xì)胞Livin mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平的變化。應(yīng)用MTT、流式細(xì)胞儀、Western印跡與Transwell侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)Livin對(duì)甲狀腺乳頭狀癌細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡及侵襲的影響。并接種于裸鼠模型中,進(jìn)一步確定Livin在體內(nèi)對(duì)甲狀腺乳頭狀癌細(xì)胞的影響。結(jié)果:慢病毒Livin-shRNA載體成功抑制TPC-1細(xì)胞中Livin mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá);轉(zhuǎn)染Livin-shRNA后TPC-1細(xì)胞的增殖能力受到明顯抑制(P<0.01),轉(zhuǎn)染Livin-shRNA組、陰性對(duì)照組和空白組的凋亡率分別為(15.72±0.21)%,(4.54±0.13)%和(4.87±0.22)%,三組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。干擾組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)明顯少于陰性對(duì)照組和空白組(P<0.05)。與空白組和陰性對(duì)照組相比,干擾組細(xì)胞AKT、p-AKT及PDK1蛋白表達(dá)量均下調(diào)(P<0.05),而PTEN蛋白明顯上調(diào)(P<0.05)。甲狀腺乳頭狀癌裸鼠模型結(jié)果表明干擾組腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)速度、腫瘤質(zhì)量[(1.11±0.08)g]明顯小于空白組[(1.90±0.15)g]和陰性對(duì)照組[(2.10±0.12)g]。結(jié)論:沉默Livin基因能抑制甲狀腺乳頭狀癌細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲及體內(nèi)生長(zhǎng),促使甲狀腺乳頭狀癌細(xì)胞凋亡的發(fā)生,可能是通過(guò)抑制PI3K-AKT信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路來(lái)發(fā)揮作用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 甲狀腺腫瘤; Livin; RNA干擾; 侵襲; 遷移; 動(dòng)物模型
Inhibition on Proliferation and Invasion of Human Thyroid Papillary Cancer Cells by RNA Interference Livin Gene Expression and Its Possible Molecular Mechanism/XUE Dong,JIN Ji-hai,XIA Xiu-liang,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(14):004-008
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the effect of Livin on the proliferation,apoptosis and invasion of human thyroid papillary cancer cell line TPC-1,and its possible molecular mechanism.Method:Livin was silenced by using RNA interference.In this experiment,three groups were designed:the experimental group,the negative control group and the blank control group.The expression of Livin at mRNA and protein levels were detected by reverse transcription PCR and Western blot respectively.MTT,F(xiàn)CM,transwell and Western blot were utilized to analyze the result and specific molecular mechanism of Livin on TPC-1 cancer cells by transfected.The expressions of AKT,p-AKT,PDK1 and PTEN in TPC-1 cells were detected after transfection.Nude mice models inoculated TPC-1 cells were used to further clarify the effect of Livin on thyroid papillary cancer cells in vivo.Result:The stable Livin silencing cells line was successfully established.The expression of Livin at mRNA and protein levels was reduced significantly(P<0.05),leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation in the experimental group compared with the negative control group and the blank control group(P<0.05).The apoptosis index of tumor cells in the above three groups were (15.72±0.21)%,(4.54±0.13)% and (4.87±0.22)%,respectively.Compared to the negative control group and the blank control group,the experimental group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The transwell chamber assay showed that transmembrane cells of the experimental group were less than the negative control group and the blank control group after incubation 48 hours.Meanwhile,western blot analysis revealed that cells with stably knock-down of Livin showed decreased expression levels of AKT,p-AKT and PDK1 compared to the negative control group and the blank control group,but PTEN was highly expressed(P<0.05).Nude mice models indicated that the growth and weight (1.11±0.08)g of the experimental group were significantly lower than (1.90±0.15)g of the blank control group and (2.10±0.12)g of the negative control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Scilencing the expression of Livin can inhibit the proliferation of thyroid papillary cancer cell and growth in vivo,and then accelerate the apoptosis of TPC-1 cancer cells by cutting down the activity of PI3K-AKT signal pathway.
【Key words】 Thyroid neoplasm; Livin; RNA interference; Invasion; Migration; Animal model
First-authors address:The Peoples Hospital of Binzhou,Binzhou 256610,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.14.002
甲狀腺乳頭狀癌的發(fā)病率正逐年上升。Livin與腫瘤的發(fā)生、惡性侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移具有密切相關(guān)性[1-2]。筆者前期研究結(jié)果已發(fā)現(xiàn)Livin在甲狀腺乳頭狀癌組織中呈高表達(dá)狀態(tài),并且Livin與腫瘤的臨床分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移都明顯有關(guān)[3]。磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路在腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程之中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,3-磷酸肌醇依賴性蛋白激酶1(PDK1)及第10號(hào)染色體缺失的磷酸酶及張力蛋白同源的基因(PTEN)是該信號(hào)通路的重要基因[4]。新近的研究結(jié)果表明,Livin還能夠明顯促進(jìn)肺癌及口腔鱗癌細(xì)胞的增殖、局部侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[5-6]。
本研究通過(guò)構(gòu)建慢病毒載體介導(dǎo)的shRNA沉默甲狀腺乳頭狀癌細(xì)胞中Livin基因,觀察Livin對(duì)甲狀腺乳頭狀癌TPC-1細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)行為的影響,構(gòu)建裸鼠成瘤模型,分析Livin促進(jìn)甲狀腺乳頭狀癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)及侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移的作用機(jī)理?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料 人甲狀腺乳頭狀癌TPC-1細(xì)胞。慢病毒載體攜帶質(zhì)粒pGCSIL-GFP、Livin-shRNA和構(gòu)建的陰性對(duì)照(scramble)序列等。反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、Taq DNA聚合酶、Trizol試劑等。BALB/C雌性裸鼠,4~6周齡,體質(zhì)量在15~21 g。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) TPC-1細(xì)胞株在DMEM細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng),在溫度為37 ℃、5%CO2孵箱中進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。
1.2.2 慢病毒Livin-shRNA轉(zhuǎn)染,構(gòu)建穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染Livin-shRNA的甲狀腺乳頭狀癌TPC-1細(xì)胞選用生長(zhǎng)較好的TPC-1細(xì)胞按照4×104個(gè)/孔的密度接種于6孔板之中,當(dāng)細(xì)胞融合率能達(dá)到60%~80%的時(shí)候,選用含有沉默Livin效果最好的靶點(diǎn)序列(5-GGAAGAGACTTTGTCCACA-3)及其陰性對(duì)照(scramble)序列,制備成穩(wěn)定感染Livin-shRNA的TPC-1細(xì)胞干擾組及陰性對(duì)照組;無(wú)任何處理的TPC-1細(xì)胞設(shè)為空白組。
1.2.3 RT-PCR實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)Livin mRNA的表達(dá) 在細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,分別收集各組的TPC-1細(xì)胞,利用Trizol RNA提取腫瘤細(xì)胞的總RNA,放置在-80 ℃冰箱暫時(shí)保存或者直接進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄。反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,在PCR擴(kuò)增儀上進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增。將目的基因產(chǎn)物與內(nèi)對(duì)照β-actin密度比值計(jì)算。
1.2.4 Western印跡實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染之后Livin蛋白表達(dá) 在細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,分別收集各組TPC-1細(xì)胞,然后裂解細(xì)胞并提取總蛋白。蛋白上樣、PVDF轉(zhuǎn)膜,脫脂奶粉封閉,加入兔抗人Livin抗體,內(nèi)參選用GAPDH,以目標(biāo)蛋白電泳條帶的灰度值與GAPDH灰度值之比表示相對(duì)的表達(dá)量。
1.2.5 MTT實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng) 分別收集處于對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的各組細(xì)胞,然后調(diào)整細(xì)胞懸液的濃度并接種于96孔板之中,每組設(shè)定有5個(gè)復(fù)孔,加入MTT溶液和DMSO,在酶聯(lián)免疫檢測(cè)儀用490 nm波長(zhǎng)測(cè)各孔吸光度(A)值,并繪制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線。
1.2.6 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后TPC-1細(xì)胞周期變化 收集轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后的TPC-1細(xì)胞,離心后75%乙醇固定,重懸細(xì)胞再加入PI染色劑和RNase A,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期變化。
1.2.7 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡 收集轉(zhuǎn)染48 h 的TPC-1細(xì)胞,制成單細(xì)胞懸液。置入5 mL流式管中,分別加入AnnexinⅤ/FITC和碘化丙錠,混合均勻。用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),結(jié)果用隨機(jī)軟件進(jìn)行分析。
1.2.8 Transwell小室實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞的侵襲能力 應(yīng)用Transwell小室侵襲模型,無(wú)血清細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基使Matrigel稀釋成2倍,然后加入Transwell上室,將細(xì)胞密度調(diào)整至4×105個(gè)/mL,在6孔板下室中加入無(wú)血清DMEM培養(yǎng)基,在上室內(nèi)加入單細(xì)胞懸液,固定后并染色,計(jì)算出每個(gè)視野的平均值。
1.2.9 Western印跡檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞AKT、p-AKT、PDK1及PTEN蛋白表達(dá) 分別收集沉默48 h后的各組細(xì)胞,提取腫瘤細(xì)胞的總蛋白,實(shí)驗(yàn)的步驟同前,分別孵育一抗(AKT、p-AKT、PDK1和PTEN),洗膜后孵育二抗等。計(jì)算時(shí)以目的基因的蛋白凝膠電泳條帶灰度值與對(duì)應(yīng)的GAPDH灰度值之比來(lái)表示相對(duì)的表達(dá)量。
1.3 建立裸鼠甲狀腺乳頭狀癌模型 取BALB/c雌性裸小鼠30只,隨機(jī)分成空白組、陰性對(duì)照組和干擾組(各10只),制成細(xì)胞懸液,接種于裸鼠的頸背皮下處。在種植后的第1、7、14、21、28天分別測(cè)量腫瘤的最長(zhǎng)徑a和最短徑b,根據(jù)公式來(lái)計(jì)算腫瘤的體積V,計(jì)算公式V(mm3)=πab2/6。然后繪制出裸鼠的瘤體體積-時(shí)間曲線,在第28天處死所有的裸鼠,最后測(cè)量種植瘤的質(zhì)量。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 13.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 靶向shRNA能夠明顯降低TPC-1細(xì)胞中Livin mRNA的表達(dá) RT-PCR的結(jié)果表明:干擾組、陰性對(duì)照組及空白組的Livin mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為(0.15±0.04)、(0.72±0.11)和(0.76±0.13);干擾組中的Livin mRNA的表達(dá)量均明顯低于陰性對(duì)照組和空白組(P<0.05),Livin mRNA的表達(dá)量在陰性對(duì)照組和空白組之中無(wú)明顯差異,見(jiàn)圖1。