徐瑞玉,安新榮,陳曉琳,孟維霞,李珍珠,李澤福
(濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院,山東濱州 256600)
生長激素對(duì)人外周血來源NK細(xì)胞殺傷活性的影響及機(jī)制探討
徐瑞玉,安新榮,陳曉琳,孟維霞,李珍珠,李澤福
(濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院,山東濱州 256600)
目的 觀察生長激素(GH)對(duì)人外周血來源自然殺傷(NK)細(xì)胞殺傷活性的影響,并探討其機(jī)制。方法 選取10名健康志愿者,采用免疫磁珠法分離并培養(yǎng)其外周血NK細(xì)胞。將NK細(xì)胞分為A、B、C組,分別與終濃度0、5 、20 μg/mL的重組人GH共培養(yǎng)48 h。以人類髓性白血病K562細(xì)胞為靶細(xì)胞,NK細(xì)胞為效應(yīng)細(xì)胞,按不同的效靶比(25∶1、50∶1、100∶1)混合,采用CCK-8 法檢測(cè)NK細(xì)胞對(duì)K562細(xì)胞的殺傷率;取各組培養(yǎng)48 h的NK細(xì)胞,分別采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)和Real-time RT-PCR法檢測(cè)NK細(xì)胞表面活化受體NKG2D蛋白及基因。結(jié)果 三個(gè)不同效靶比下,B、C組NK細(xì)胞對(duì)K562細(xì)胞的殺傷率高于A組,且C組高于B組(P均<0.01)。A、B、C組NKG2D陽性表達(dá)的NK細(xì)胞百分?jǐn)?shù)分別為78.8%±2.8%、87.5%±3.1%、91.8%±3.3%,B、C組NKG2D陽性表達(dá)的NK細(xì)胞百分?jǐn)?shù)高于A組(P均<0.05)。A、B、C組NKG2D mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為1±0.01、5±2.32、10±3.21,B、C組NKG2D mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量高于A組,且C組高于B組(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 GH可通過上調(diào)NK細(xì)胞NKG2D的表達(dá),增強(qiáng)其殺傷活性。
生長激素;自然殺傷細(xì)胞;殺傷作用;NK細(xì)胞表面活化受體;神經(jīng)-內(nèi)分泌-免疫
生長激素(GH)在人體生長發(fā)育過程中起重要作用[1],也可作為應(yīng)激性激素參與免疫調(diào)節(jié),在人體適應(yīng)環(huán)境過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[2]。目前,GH對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)影響的具體機(jī)制尚不清楚[3,4]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),GH缺乏會(huì)影響免疫器官的發(fā)育,如胸腺[5,6];同時(shí),在缺少GH的兒童體內(nèi)有多種免疫細(xì)胞功能下降[7]。然而,在長期大劑量GH作用下也會(huì)導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)的免疫功能受損,如長期濫用GH的運(yùn)動(dòng)員更易感染疾病。NKG2D是NK細(xì)胞表面重要的活化受體之一,與其配體結(jié)合后能直接影響NK細(xì)胞的殺傷活性[8~10]。早在上個(gè)世紀(jì)80年代,就有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)GH能影響NK細(xì)胞免疫活性[11],但具體機(jī)制尚不清楚。隨著近年來對(duì)神經(jīng)-內(nèi)分泌-免疫研究的深入,有必要進(jìn)一步深入研究GH對(duì)NK細(xì)胞的影響。2015年2月~2016年7月,我們觀察了rhGH對(duì)人外周血NK細(xì)胞殺傷活性的影響,并檢測(cè)NKG2D的表達(dá)變化,為神經(jīng)-內(nèi)分泌-免疫通路提供理論補(bǔ)充。
1.1 材料 重組人生長激素(rhGH,Sciencell,美國);PBS(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司);人淋巴細(xì)胞分離液 Ficoll-Paque(天津?yàn)笊镉邢薰?;胎牛血清及含雙抗RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基(Hyclone, 美國);CCK-8試劑盒 (同仁化工, 日本);重組人白細(xì)胞介素2(rhIL-2,Gibco, 美國);藻紅蛋白(PE)標(biāo)記的小鼠抗人CD56單克隆抗體、異硫氰酸熒光素(FITC)標(biāo)記小鼠抗人NKG2D(CD314)及NK細(xì)胞miniMACS免疫磁珠分選系統(tǒng)(Miltenyi Biotec,德國);Real-time RT-PCR試劑盒(大連寶生物工程有限公司);PCR引物(上海生工生物工程股份有限公司);人類髓性白血病K562細(xì)胞系由我院實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 NK細(xì)胞的分離與純化 于濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院招聘10名健康志愿者,男7名、女3名,平均年齡21.5歲,無體育專業(yè)者;均簽署知情同意書,并獲校倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。篩查其靜息下血GH水平均正常后,抽取靜息空腹外周靜脈血20 mL,肝素抗凝備用。通過密度梯度離線法吸取中間云霧層單個(gè)核細(xì)胞(PBMC),PBS洗滌2次;按每107個(gè)細(xì)胞加入70 μL Buffer重懸后,再加入20 μL CD56磁珠抗體,在2~8 ℃環(huán)境下孵化15 min;加入1 mL Buffer 混勻后以300 r/min離心5 min,再加500 μL Buffer 重懸。選用MS分離柱,放于miniMACS分離磁場(chǎng)中,使用前用Buffer 500 μL 濕潤柱壁;放置收集管,將重懸的細(xì)胞上柱,再加用3×500 μL Buffer洗柱。最后將分離柱脫離磁場(chǎng),放置新的收集管上,快速推注1 mL Buffer沖下NK細(xì)胞。收集NK細(xì)胞培養(yǎng),取少量細(xì)胞用CD56-FITC標(biāo)記驗(yàn)證純度>95%。
1.2.2 NK細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與分組處理 將NK細(xì)胞密度調(diào)整為2× 105/mL,以1 mL/孔接種于含10%滅活胎牛血清、IL-2 (100 U/mL) 的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)體系的24孔板中,置37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。將NK細(xì)胞分為A、B、C組,分別與終濃度0、5 、20 μg/mL的rhGH共培養(yǎng)。
1.2.3 NK細(xì)胞殺傷活性觀察 收集對(duì)數(shù)生長期的K562細(xì)胞及培養(yǎng)48 h 的NK細(xì)胞,以K562細(xì)胞為靶細(xì)胞,NK細(xì)胞為效應(yīng)細(xì)胞,按不同的效靶比(25∶1、50∶1、100∶1)混合;同時(shí)單設(shè)靶細(xì)胞孔、效應(yīng)細(xì)胞孔和培養(yǎng)基空白對(duì)照孔,均設(shè)3個(gè)平行復(fù)孔,置37 ℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)12 h;每孔加入CCK-8 10 μL,混勻后繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h;用酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定每孔450 nm波長處的OD值,計(jì)算3個(gè)平行孔的平均值。細(xì)胞殺傷活性=[1-(效靶細(xì)胞作用孔OD值-效應(yīng)細(xì)胞孔OD值)/靶細(xì)胞OD值]×100%。
1.2.4 NK細(xì)胞中NKG2D 蛋白檢測(cè) 采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)。取培養(yǎng)48 h的NK細(xì)胞100 μL(1×105~1×106個(gè)細(xì)胞),加熒光抗體CD56-FITC、NKG2D-PE各10 μL,充分混勻后4 ℃避光靜置30 min;以5 mL PBS洗滌1次,1 200 r/min離心10 min,棄上清。加入300~500 mL PBS,上流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)NKG2D陽性表達(dá)的NK細(xì)胞百分?jǐn)?shù),以此觀察NKG2D 蛋白表達(dá)情況。
1.2.5 NK細(xì)胞中NKG2D mRNA檢測(cè) 采用Real-time RT-PCR法。取培養(yǎng)48 h的NK細(xì)胞,破膜后提取其mRNA;然后反轉(zhuǎn)錄為 cDNA,以β-actin為內(nèi)參基因?qū)崟r(shí)定量分析NKG2D的含量。NKG2D上游引物為5′-AAGCTTAGGATGGGGTGGATTCGTGGTC-3′,下游引物為5′-GAATTCCCACAGTCCTTTGCATGCAGATGTA-3′;β-actin上游引物為 5′-CTGGGACGACATGGAGAAA-3′,下游引物為5′-AAGGAAGGCTGGAAGAGTGC-3′。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃預(yù)變性5 min;95 ℃變性1 min、58 ℃退火1 min、72 ℃延伸1 min,共35個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃再延伸10 min。以2-ΔΔCt計(jì)算NKG2D mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
2.1 各組NK細(xì)胞殺傷活性比較 見表1。
表1 各組NK細(xì)胞對(duì)K562細(xì)胞的殺傷活性比較
注:與A組同一效靶比比較,*P<0.01;與B組同一效靶比比較,#P<0.01。
2.2 各組NK細(xì)胞中NKG2D 蛋白表達(dá)比較 A、B、C組NKG2D陽性表達(dá)的NK細(xì)胞百分?jǐn)?shù)分別為78.8%±2.8%、87.5%±3.1%、91.8%±3.3%,B、C組NKG2D陽性表達(dá)的NK細(xì)胞百分?jǐn)?shù)高于A組,且C組高于B組(P均<0.05)。
2.3 各組NK細(xì)胞中NKG2D mRNA表達(dá)比較 A、B、C組NKG2D mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為1±0.01、5±2.32、10±3.21,B、C組NKG2D mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量高于A組,且C組高于B組(P均<0.05)。
GH是人體生長發(fā)育不可或缺的激素,主要作用為調(diào)控機(jī)體生長發(fā)育,同時(shí)也參與機(jī)體應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。人體內(nèi)GH分泌量通常在一個(gè)正常范圍波動(dòng),但當(dāng)機(jī)體處于應(yīng)激狀態(tài)時(shí),其分泌量將劇烈上升,其結(jié)果有利于升高血糖,有利于心腦等重要臟器的能量補(bǔ)充[1];同時(shí)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)也會(huì)激活免疫系統(tǒng)[10],而這有利于抵抗一些惡劣環(huán)境或者嚴(yán)重的微生物感染[12]。
GH可與GH受體(GHR)相結(jié)合來發(fā)揮作用[5],目前發(fā)現(xiàn)GHR表達(dá)于淋巴細(xì)胞、NK細(xì)胞、成纖維細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞、軟骨細(xì)胞等。研究[13]發(fā)現(xiàn),GHR主要表達(dá)于T淋巴細(xì)胞及NK細(xì)胞等外周血免疫細(xì)胞的表面。NK細(xì)胞發(fā)揮免疫活性時(shí)不需要抗原的遞呈,它可以通過細(xì)胞表面的各種活化受體直接來識(shí)別靶細(xì)胞,并且發(fā)揮免疫殺傷作用,其作用較為迅速。NKG2D是NK細(xì)胞表面主要活化受體之一,其配體較為多樣,也存在種屬差異[3]。例如,配體人組織相容性復(fù)合物類似物-1(MICA)主要表達(dá)在人體內(nèi),鼠類并不表達(dá)。NKG2D的配體在應(yīng)激狀態(tài)時(shí)會(huì)表達(dá)上調(diào),例如感染、腫瘤等[14]。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),加入GH能夠顯著上調(diào)NK細(xì)胞表面NKG2D膜蛋白及相應(yīng)mRNA的表達(dá),細(xì)胞毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)NK細(xì)胞在含有GH環(huán)境下其殺傷能力顯著提高。目前,GH能在體內(nèi)外激活NK細(xì)胞的殺傷活性已被廣泛報(bào)道。一項(xiàng)雙盲實(shí)驗(yàn)在人體上進(jìn)行,通過注射rhGH或安慰劑來研究GH對(duì)NK細(xì)胞的活性,發(fā)現(xiàn)注射rhGH后志愿者體內(nèi)NK細(xì)胞數(shù)目及殺傷活性要明顯強(qiáng)于注射安慰劑組[7]。通過對(duì)缺乏GH患者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),相比正常人其體內(nèi)的NK細(xì)胞在數(shù)目及殺傷活性均下降;然后在經(jīng)過GH替代治療3個(gè)月后,NK細(xì)胞的數(shù)目及殺傷活性又恢復(fù)至正常水平[15]。但是,GH對(duì)NK細(xì)胞的影響似乎遠(yuǎn)非如此簡單。例如,在高GH血癥的肢端肥大癥患者體內(nèi),并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)NK細(xì)胞免疫活性高過正常人,甚至這一類患者往往伴有垂體瘤或大腸癌的發(fā)生[4]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以表面活化受體NKG2D為觀察指標(biāo),來探究GH對(duì)NK細(xì)胞的作用,該研究結(jié)果補(bǔ)充了神經(jīng)-垂體-免疫軸信號(hào)途徑,同時(shí)也為臨床合理應(yīng)用GH提供了重要理論基礎(chǔ)。
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Effect of growth hormone on cytotoxicity of NK cells from PBMC
XURuiyu,ANXinrong,CHENXiaolin,MENGWeixia,LIZhenzhu,LIzefu
(TheAffiliatedHospitalofBinzhouMedicalUniversity,Binzhou256600,China)
Objective To investigate the effect of growth hormone on the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the possible mechanism. Methods NK cells, purified by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) from 10 volunteers, were divided into three groups. Cells in the groups A, B and C were co-cultured with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) (A∶0 μg/mL, B:5 μg/mL, C:20 μg/mL). After 48 h, the cytotoxicity of NK cells against K562 cells, with different effector-target ratio (25∶1, 50: 1, 100∶1), was analyzed by CCK-8. Real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of natural killer cell group 2 member D (NKG2D), in the levels of gene and protein molecules. Results The cytotoxicity of NK cells against K562 cells in the group B and C was significantly higher than that in the group A at different effector-target ratio, and group C was higher than group B (allP<0.01). The percentages of NK cells with positive expression of NKG2D in the groups A, B and C were 78.8%±2.8%, 87.5%±3.1% and 91.8%±3.3%, respectively, and group B and C were higher than group A (allP<0.05). The relative expression of NKG2D mRNA of NK cells in the groups A, B and C was 1±0.01, 5±2.32 and 10±3.21 respectively. The expression of NKG2D mRNA in the group B and C was significantly higher than that of group A, and group C was higher than group B (allP<0.05). Conclusion Growth hormone may enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells from PBMC by up-regulating the expression of NKG2D.
growth hormone; natural killer cells; killing effect; natural killer cell group 2 member D; nerve-endocrine-immune
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81171119);濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院科研計(jì)劃課題項(xiàng)目(BY2015KJ28)。
徐瑞玉(1988-),女,學(xué)士,主要研究方向?yàn)閮?nèi)分泌與免疫。E-mail: timeanddoctor@hotmail.com
李澤福(1969-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)樯窠?jīng)與免疫。E-mail: lizefu@bzmc.edu.cn
李珍珠(1987-),男,醫(yī)師,碩士,主要研究方向?yàn)樯窠?jīng)與免疫。E-mail: lizhenzhu@bzmc.edu.cn
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2017.18.006
R392
A
1002-266X(2017)18-0020-03
2016-10-26)