韓峰++++++盧成華++++++易力++++++姜虹
[摘要]目的 探討雌激素拮抗劑他莫昔芬聯(lián)合塞來昔布對家兔膝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷性骨化性肌炎的預(yù)防作用。方法 將30只家兔采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為A、B、C三組,采用膝關(guān)節(jié)強(qiáng)力被動牽拉、暴力按摩后固定復(fù)制膝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷性骨化性肌炎模型;A組采用生理鹽水對照,B組采用塞來昔布治療,C組采用他莫昔芬及塞來昔布治療,連續(xù)給藥9周。造模第1、5、9周后比較各組關(guān)節(jié)腫脹程度,第5、9周后比較各組骨化性肌炎程度。結(jié)果 各組動物造模1周后關(guān)節(jié)周徑均大于造模前(A組:t=7.14,P=0.000;B組:t=5.29,P=0.000;C組:t=4.86,P=0.001);A組關(guān)節(jié)周徑大于C組(t=3.96,P=0.002)、B組(t=3.57,P=0.003),C組關(guān)節(jié)周徑小于B組(t=2.48,P=0.007);造模5周后各組關(guān)節(jié)周徑均小于造模1周后(A組:t=3.26,P=0.005;B組:t=2.94,P=0.004;C組:t=2.58,P=0.004),A組關(guān)節(jié)周徑大于B組(t=5.19,P=0.000)、C組(t=6.10,P=0.000),C組關(guān)節(jié)周徑小于B組(t=2.84,P=0.003);造模9周后A組及B組周徑均大于造模5周后(A組:t=1.96,P=0.010;B組:t=1.84,P=0.013),C組周徑小于造模5后(t=2.29,P=0.008),A組關(guān)節(jié)周徑大于C組(t=3.82,P=0.001)、B組(t=3.14,P=0.002),C組關(guān)節(jié)周徑小于B組(t=4.29,P=0.000)。造模5、9周后各組間骨化性肌炎分級比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(5周后:H=7.29,P=0.001,9周后:H=17.16,P=0.000);各時(shí)間點(diǎn)B組及C組骨化性肌炎分級低于A組(B組,5周后:U=4.26,P=0.004,9周后:U=8.46,P=0.000;C組,5周后:U=5.14,P=0.002,9周后:U=9.17,P=0.000),C組低于B組(5周后:U=4.26,P=0.004,9周后:U=4.89,P=0.003)。結(jié)論 他莫昔芬聯(lián)合塞來昔布能有效減緩創(chuàng)傷性骨化性肌炎的進(jìn)展,改善預(yù)防效果。
[關(guān)鍵詞]雌激素拮抗劑;骨化性肌炎;塞來昔布;他莫昔芬
[中圖分類號] R685.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2017)03(c)-0013-03
[Abstract]Objective To investigate preventive effect of estrogen antagonist Tamoxifen combined with Celecoxib in the rabbit with knee joint traumatic myositis ossificans.Methods 30 rabbits were randomly divided into group A,B and C,traumatic myositis ossificans model of knee joint were make with knee joint fixed after strong passive stretch and violent massage,and rabits in group A were given the normal saline B were treated with Tamoxifen and Celecoxib and the group C were treated with Tamoxifen and Celecoxib,rabits in the group,all rabits were treated for 9 weeks.The swelling degree of knee joint were compared among three groups at 1,5,9 weeks after making model,degree of myositis ossificans were compared among three groups at 5,9 weeks after making model.Results Circumference of knee joint at 1 week after making model than was larger than before making model among three groups (group A:t=7.14,P=0.000;group B:t=5.29,P=0.000;group C:t=4.86,P=0.001),and the group A was larger than that of the group C (t=3.96,P=0.002) and group B (t=3.57,P=0.003),and the group C was less than that of the group B (t=2.48,P=0.007);circumference of knee joint 5 week after making model was less than 1 week after making model among three groups (group A:t=3.26,P=0.005;group B:t=2.94,P=0.004;group C:t=2.58,P=0.004),circumference of knee joint in group A was larger than that in the group B (t=5.19,P=0.000) and group C (t=6.10,P=0.000),and the group B was larger than that in group C (t=2.84,P=0.003); 9 week after making model,circumferences of knee joint of group A and group B were larger than those at 5 weeks after making model(group A:t=1.96,P=0.010;group B:t=1.84,P=0.013),and the group C was less than that at 5 weeks after making model (t=2.29,P=0.008),circumference of knee joint of the group A was larger than that in the group C (t=3.82,P=0.001) and group B (t=3.14,P=0.002),and group C was less than that in the group B (t=4.29,P=0.000).Degree of myositis ossificans at 5,and 9 week after making model was different among three groups (5 weeks:H=7.29,P=0.001,9 weeks:H=17.16,P=0.000),and degree of myositis ossificans in group B and group C was lower than that in the group A at different time point(group B,5 weeks:U=4.26,P=0.004,9 weeks:U=8.46,P=0.000;group C,5 weeks:U=5.14,P=0.002,9 weeks:U=9.17,P=0.000),and group C was lower than that in the group B (5 weeks:U=4.26,P=0.004,9 weeks:U=4.89,P=0.003).Conclusion Estrogen antagonist Amoxifen combined with Celecoxib can effectivly control the progress of myositis ossificans,and improve effect of prevention.
[Key words]Estrogen antagonists;Myositis ossificans;Celecoxib;Tamoxifen
骨化性肌炎指在骨骼系統(tǒng)以外出現(xiàn)的非正常骨結(jié)構(gòu),臨床常用的非甾體類抗炎藥治療,塞來昔布有一定抑制骨化性肌炎的作用,但治療效果個(gè)體差異較大,而且具有誘發(fā)消化道潰瘍的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[1]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)雌馬酚與雌二醇能增加體外培養(yǎng)大鼠成骨細(xì)胞增殖能力,增加成骨作用,雌激素受體拮抗劑他莫昔芬可顯著抑制雌馬酚和雌二醇的上述效應(yīng)[2],本文就雌激素受體拮抗劑他莫昔芬治療家兔創(chuàng)傷性骨化性肌炎的拮抗作用進(jìn)行研究。
1 材料與方法
1.1藥品與儀器
塞來昔布(美國輝瑞制藥公司,批號:BK060407);構(gòu)椽酸他莫昔芬片(上海復(fù)旦復(fù)華藥業(yè)有限公司,批號:070122)提供;X線機(jī)(日本島津,500 mA)。
1.2動物與分組
新西蘭白色家兔30只,清潔級,兔齡6個(gè)月,雌雄各半,體重2~3 kg,由大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動物中心提供(合格證號:SCXKGGD- 2016-0174),動物室溫飼養(yǎng),定量給食,間隔光照,適應(yīng)環(huán)境后隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為A組、B組及C組,每組10只。
1.3造模方法
造模采用強(qiáng)力被動牽拉、暴力按摩方法,將家兔右后肢膝關(guān)節(jié)以順時(shí)針和逆時(shí)針方向以最大的角度轉(zhuǎn)動,各20圈(以不使骨折為度),強(qiáng)力按摩膝關(guān)節(jié)周圍肌肉各10圈,造成膝關(guān)節(jié)及周圍軟組織損傷,然后用杉樹皮、繃帶固定膝關(guān)節(jié),從第1周開始每周按摩6 d,第5周開始改為隔天按摩1次,連續(xù)9周,復(fù)制家兔膝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷性骨化性肌炎動物模型[3]。
1.4 給藥方法
造模后第1天開始給予藥物干預(yù),A組每日灌服2 ml生理鹽水;B組應(yīng)用塞來昔布治療,從術(shù)后第1天開始,給予塞來昔布10 mg/(kg·d)[4],溶于2 ml生理鹽水后灌服;C組應(yīng)用他莫昔芬聯(lián)合塞來昔布治療,術(shù)后第1天在B組方案基礎(chǔ)上給予他莫昔芬2 mg/(kg·d)[5],溶于2 ml生理鹽水灌服,1次/d,各組均連續(xù)給藥9周。
1.5觀察指標(biāo)
造模前和造模后每周以膝蓋為起點(diǎn)用軟尺環(huán)繞膝關(guān)節(jié)1周,盡量收緊讀取周徑長度,測量3次,取平均值。造模5、9周后拍膝關(guān)節(jié)X線正側(cè)位片(44 kV,32 ms,6.3 mA),對骨化程度進(jìn)行評級,分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為,0級:未出現(xiàn)骨化病灶;Ⅰ級:骨化病灶密度低,呈云霧狀;Ⅱ級:骨化病灶密度較高,但邊界不清;Ⅲ級:骨化病灶密度高,邊界清晰。
1.6統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 11.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,等級資料比較采用秩和H檢驗(yàn),組間比較采用秩和U檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1藥物對骨化性肌炎動物模型實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中肢體腫脹程度的影響
各組動物造模1周后關(guān)節(jié)明顯腫脹,各組動物關(guān)節(jié)周徑均大于造模前(A組:t=7.14,P=0.000;B組:t=5.29,P=0.000;C組:t=4.86,P=0.001);各組間比較:A組關(guān)節(jié)周徑大于C組(t=3.96,P=0.002)、B組(t=3.57,P=0.003),C組關(guān)節(jié)周徑小于B組(t=2.48,P=0.007)。造模5周后各組關(guān)節(jié)腫脹減輕,各組關(guān)節(jié)周徑均小于造模1周后(A組:t=3.26,P=0.005;B組:t=2.94,P=0.004;C組:t=2.58,P=0.004);各組間比較:A組關(guān)節(jié)周徑大于C組(t=6.10,P=0.000)、B組(t=5.19,P=0.000),C組關(guān)節(jié)周徑小于B組(t=2.84,P=0.003)。造模9周后A組及B組關(guān)節(jié)腫脹加重,關(guān)節(jié)周徑大于造模5周后(A組:t=1.96,P=0.010;B組:t=1.84,P=0.013),C組腫脹減輕,關(guān)節(jié)周徑小于造模5周后(t=2.29,P=0.008);各組間比較:A組關(guān)節(jié)周徑大于C組(t=3.82,P=0.001)、B組(t=3.14,P=0.002),C組關(guān)節(jié)周徑小于B組(t=4.29,P=0.000)(表1)。
2.2藥物對骨化性肌炎動物模型實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中骨化性肌炎的影響
造模5、9周后各組間骨化性肌炎分級比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(5周后:H=7.29,P=0.001;9周后:H=17.16,P=0.000);各時(shí)間點(diǎn)B組及C組骨化性肌炎分級均低于A組(B組,5周后:U=4.26,P=0.004,9周后:U=8.46,P=0.000;C組,5周后:U=5.14,P=0.002, 9周后:U=9.17,P=0.000),C組低于B組(5周后:U=4.26,P=0.004;9周后:U=4.89,P=0.003)(表2)。
3討論
骨化性肌炎的發(fā)生發(fā)展與創(chuàng)傷關(guān)系密切,是影響關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷后功能的主要原因之一,導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)功能下降,甚至致殘,因此在臨床骨傷及骨病的治療中,對骨化性肌炎的預(yù)防于治療是改善預(yù)后的方法之一[6-8]。
非甾體類藥物典型藥物塞來昔布具有阻止或減弱局限性異位骨化形成與發(fā)展的效果。其作用機(jī)制是抑制COX2,阻止PG的合成,阻斷PG介導(dǎo)的骨重建過程的局部炎性反應(yīng),抑制間充質(zhì)細(xì)胞的游走與分化增殖,阻斷其向成骨細(xì)胞分化,從而達(dá)到預(yù)防異位骨化形成的作用[9-10]。但長期服用非甾體類藥物會產(chǎn)生胃腸道反應(yīng),嚴(yán)重者會發(fā)生消化道出血,而且能夠增加骨折不愈合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[11]。
雌激素受體拮抗劑他莫昔芬阻斷雌激素不同的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑,可解除雌激素對結(jié)締組織生長因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)表達(dá)的下調(diào)作用,應(yīng)用PKA激活劑forskolin可模擬雌激素作用下調(diào)CTGF表達(dá),提示雌激素主要通過活化PKA下調(diào)人成骨細(xì)胞CTGF的表達(dá)[12],抑制成骨過程,從而減少骨化性肌炎的發(fā)生。在對實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),各組家兔在造模后第1周關(guān)節(jié)腫脹明顯,造模5周后關(guān)節(jié)腫脹消退,關(guān)節(jié)周徑明顯減小,早期的關(guān)節(jié)腫脹由于創(chuàng)傷引起的炎性反應(yīng)引起,各組間的差異提示塞來昔布具有明顯的抗炎作用,而聯(lián)合應(yīng)用他莫昔芬后抗炎作用明顯增強(qiáng),其可能于他莫昔芬對炎癥抑制作用有關(guān)[13],造模9周后A組及B組關(guān)節(jié)周徑增加,考慮關(guān)節(jié)周徑的增加與骨化性肌炎的出現(xiàn)及進(jìn)展有關(guān),在對骨化性肌炎的分級比較中發(fā)現(xiàn),各組間存在顯著的差異,各時(shí)間點(diǎn)C組的分級要低于A組及B組,而B組的分級低于A組,提示采用塞來昔布能夠?qū)?chuàng)傷后骨化性肌炎起到預(yù)防作用,他莫昔芬聯(lián)合應(yīng)用后對骨化性肌炎的預(yù)防及治療作用明顯增強(qiáng),要優(yōu)于單獨(dú)應(yīng)用塞來昔布,他莫昔芬與成骨細(xì)胞和破骨細(xì)胞表面雌激素受體和(或)雌激素拮抗劑特異結(jié)合位點(diǎn)結(jié)合,影響破骨細(xì)胞的生長、分化、對降鈣素的反應(yīng)性及抑制成骨細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生破骨細(xì)胞活化因子[14-15]。其可能與對創(chuàng)傷后骨化性肌炎的治療作用有關(guān)。
綜上所述,他莫昔芬夠預(yù)防創(chuàng)傷后骨化性肌炎的形成和進(jìn)展,起到預(yù)防及治療作用,改善塞來昔布單獨(dú)應(yīng)用的效果,但其長期應(yīng)用對其他器官系統(tǒng)的影響,尚需要進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí)。
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