柯延壯,侯本新,劉松平
(海南省農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院 普外科,海南 三亞 572000)
全胃切除術(shù)中2種吻合方式的臨床對比研究
柯延壯,侯本新,劉松平
(海南省農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院 普外科,海南 三亞 572000)
目的 探討并比較空腸間置三口與食管-空腸單口吻合用于行全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者臨床療效及安全性。方法選取海南省農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院近期收治的行全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者140例,以隨機(jī)抽樣方法分為A組(70例)和B組(70例),分別行食管-空腸單口吻合和空腸間置三口吻合治療;比較兩組患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后Christensen疲勞評分、炎癥因子指標(biāo)水平及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況等。結(jié)果B組患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間均長于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);B組患者術(shù)后Christensen疲勞評分高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);B組患者術(shù)后C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)和白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)水平均高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);同時(shí)B組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論相較于空腸間置三口吻合,食管-空腸單口吻合用于行全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者治療可促進(jìn)術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù),降低疲勞程度及炎癥反應(yīng),并有助于預(yù)防術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。
消化道吻合;全胃切除;胃癌
目前進(jìn)展期及晚期胃癌患者臨床首選全胃切除手術(shù),而術(shù)中消化道吻合方式則以空腸間置三口和食管-空腸單口吻合為主[1-2];但目前國內(nèi)外對于2種吻合術(shù)式用于消化道功能重建效果及安全性報(bào)道涉及較少。本次研究選取海南省農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院收治行全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者140例,分別行食管-空腸單口吻合和空腸間置三口吻合治療。比較兩組患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后Christensen疲勞評分、炎癥因子指標(biāo)水平及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況等,探討2種吻合方式用于行全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者臨床療效及安全性差異。
1.1 臨床資料
選取本院普外科2012年5月-2014年5月收治的行全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者140例。均經(jīng)術(shù)前胃鏡病理活檢確診為胃癌,且符合全胃切除手術(shù)指征[3],同時(shí)排除腹腔嚴(yán)重黏連及低蛋白血癥者。入選患者以隨機(jī)抽樣方法分為A組和B組,每組各70例。A組患者中男性47例,女性23例;年齡49~72歲,平均(62.15±7.04)歲;其中合并原發(fā)性高血壓39例,合并糖尿病21例,合并冠心病10例。B組患者中男性45例,女性25例;年齡50~72歲,平均(62.20±7.07)歲;其中合并原發(fā)性高血壓41例,合并糖尿病20例,合并冠心病9例。兩組患者一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
1.2 治療方法
入選患者均采用全胃切除術(shù)式進(jìn)行治療,由同一醫(yī)師進(jìn)行操作。A組患者采用食管-空腸單口吻合術(shù)式行消化道重建,即于殘胃前端開口處2~3 cm處行食管-殘胃后壁吻合[4]。B組患者則采用空腸間置三口術(shù)式行消化道重建,即于食管-空腸吻合,殘胃-空腸吻合及空腸-空腸3處分別建立吻合口:①食管-空腸吻合,于屈氏韌帶距離30 cm處行空腸、腸系膜離斷,結(jié)腸前吻合遠(yuǎn)端空腸和食管斷端[4];②殘胃-空腸吻合,于食管-空腸吻合距離15~20 cm處行胃后壁大彎側(cè)和遠(yuǎn)端空腸吻合;③空腸-空腸吻合,于殘胃-空腸吻合距離5~10 cm處行近遠(yuǎn)側(cè)空腸吻合[5]。兩組患者術(shù)后均進(jìn)行胃部引流管,空腸營養(yǎng)支持及抗感染治療等。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
①記錄患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間。②疲勞程度評價(jià):由經(jīng)專業(yè)培訓(xùn)同1人員于術(shù)后第5天采用Christensen疲勞量表進(jìn)行評價(jià)[6],分值范圍1~10分,分值越大則疲勞程度越高。③免疫系統(tǒng)功能評價(jià):與術(shù)后第5天抽取外周靜脈血5~10ml進(jìn)行C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)和白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)指標(biāo)檢測;檢測方法為抽取患者外周靜脈血10ml,其中CRP檢測采用速率散射比濁法,而IL-6檢測采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA);④記錄患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,計(jì)算發(fā)生率;并發(fā)癥類型包括感染(切口感染和肺部感染)、腸梗阻及吻合口瘺等。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
數(shù)據(jù)錄入、查重及邏輯糾錯(cuò)采用Epidata 3.10軟件,數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SPSS18.0軟件;其中計(jì)量資料采用t檢驗(yàn),以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示;計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以百分比(%)表示;P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間比較
B組患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間均長于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組患者術(shù)后Christensen疲勞評分比較
A組和B組患者術(shù)后Christensen疲勞評分分別為(6.33±2.08)kg和(7.86±2.65)kg,B組高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.3 兩組患者術(shù)后CRP和IL-6水平比較
A組患者術(shù)后CRP和IL-6水平分別為(7.28±2.68)mg/L和(118.73±27.48)ng/L;B組患者術(shù)后CRP和 IL-6水平分別為(9.61±3.10)mg/L和(158.40±36.20)ng/L,B組高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.4 兩組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較
B組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
表1 兩組患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間比較(±s)
表1 兩組患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間比較(±s)
注:?與A組比較,P<0.05
組別 住院時(shí)間/d A組 9.63±2.86 B組 12.41±3.62?術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間/h 64.76±12.25 77.32±15.80?
表2 兩組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較
流行病學(xué)研究顯示,約80%~85%患者臨床確診時(shí)已處于進(jìn)展期,全胃切除手術(shù)成為首選甚至唯一治療手段[7]。全胃切除術(shù)被證實(shí)有助于延長胃癌特別是晚期患者生存時(shí)間,但因胃部切除后消化道功能完整性缺失,術(shù)后食欲減退、腹脹腹瀉及營養(yǎng)不良等并發(fā)癥嚴(yán)重影響患者生存質(zhì)量[8]。大量臨床研究證實(shí),全胃切除術(shù)后患者胃腸功能恢復(fù)效果是影響手術(shù)療效及遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后關(guān)鍵因素之一[9-10]。
目前行全胃切除胃癌手術(shù)治療過程常規(guī)采用食管-空腸單口吻合完成消化道重建,相較于其他吻合方式,其手術(shù)操作簡單,通過將食管與空腸斷端直接吻合即可完成,術(shù)中創(chuàng)傷較輕,但患者原有消化道解剖結(jié)構(gòu)喪失,在降低營養(yǎng)吸收效果的同時(shí),還增加術(shù)后食管反流風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[9-10]。而空腸間置三口吻合術(shù)作為一種新型消化道吻合技術(shù),通過行食管-空腸,殘胃-空腸及空腸-空腸3處吻合,在提高十二指腸生理功能恢復(fù),保障小腸功能連續(xù)性方面效果確切,但術(shù)中建立多個(gè)吻合口,導(dǎo)致手術(shù)復(fù)雜性增加,時(shí)間延長及創(chuàng)傷加重,故胃腸道功能恢復(fù)較慢,且術(shù)后腸梗阻、吻合口瘺發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提高[11]。
本研究中,A組患者術(shù)后排氣排便時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及術(shù)后Christensen疲勞評分均優(yōu)于B組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,提示食管-空腸單口吻合術(shù)式用于全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者消化道重建有助于促進(jìn)術(shù)后胃腸蠕動(dòng)恢復(fù),減少臨床病程及降低術(shù)后疲勞程度,筆者認(rèn)為這一現(xiàn)象可能與空腸間置三口吻合術(shù)式術(shù)中吻合部位多及創(chuàng)傷相關(guān),可導(dǎo)致術(shù)后胃腸道功能恢復(fù)減慢;同時(shí)術(shù)后疲勞程度加重亦不利于胃腸功能恢復(fù),進(jìn)而形成惡性循環(huán)[12]。B組患者術(shù)后CRP和IL-6水平均高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,說明全胃切除術(shù)中行食管-空腸單口吻合以重建消化道在提高患者術(shù)后免疫系統(tǒng)功能、降低炎癥水平方面優(yōu)勢明顯;外科術(shù)后患者多合并有炎癥反應(yīng),而炎癥因子異常合成及分泌可誘發(fā)免疫調(diào)節(jié)功能異常,而CRP和IL-6被認(rèn)為廣泛參與到機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng)發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中[13]。B組患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率高于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,則證實(shí)食管-空腸單口吻合用于全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者治療可有效降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生概率,安全性優(yōu)于空腸間置三口吻合,與以往研究結(jié)論一致[14]。
綜上所述,相較于空腸間置三口吻合,食管-空腸單口吻合用于全胃切除術(shù)胃癌患者治療可促進(jìn)術(shù)后胃腸功能恢復(fù)、降低疲勞程度及炎癥反應(yīng),并有助于預(yù)防術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。但因研究樣本量不足、隨訪時(shí)間較短及觀察指標(biāo)較少等因素限制,所得結(jié)論還需進(jìn)一步臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)確證。
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(張蕾 編輯)
Clinical com parison of two types of anastomosis in total gastrectom y for patientsw ith gastric cancer
Yan-zhuang Ke,Ben-xin Hou,Song-ping Liu
(DepartmentofGeneral Surgery,Hainan Nongken Sanya Hospital,Sanya,Hainan 572000,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate and compare clinical effects and safety of jejunal interposition with three holes and esophageal jejunum anastomosis with one hole in total gastrectomy for treatment of patients with gastric cancer.MethodsTotally 140 patients with gastric cancer receiving total gastrectomy were chosen and random ly divided into group A(70 patients)with esophageal jejunum anastomosiswith one hole and group B(70 patients)with jejunal interposition with three holes.The exhaust and defecation time after surgery,hospitalization time,Christensen fatigue score,inflammation factor levels after surgery and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between both groups.ResultsThe exhaust and defecation time after surgery and the hospitalization time of the group B were significantly longer than those of the the group A(P<0.05).The Christensen fatigue score after surgery in the group B was significantly higher than that of the group A(P<0.05).The serum CRP and IL-6 levels after surgery in the group B were significantly higher than those in the group A(P< 0.05).The incidences of postoperative complicationsof the group Bwere significantly higher than those of the group A(P<0.05).ConclusionsCompared with jejunal interposition with three holes,esophageal jejunum anastomosis with one hole in total gastrectomy for the patients with gastric cancer can efficiently speed up recovery process of postoperative gastrointestinal function,reduce fatigue degree and inflammation,and is helpful to prevent postoperative complications.
alimentary tractanastomosis;total gastrectomy;gastric cancer
R 656.61
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.07.029
1005-8982(2017)07-0129-03
2016-08-05