羅成勇
在多數(shù)情況下,反義疑問句的疑問部分和陳述部分的主語相同,但形式相反。即:陳述部分是肯定式時,疑問部分用否定式;陳述部分是否定式時,疑問部分用肯定式。這是反義疑問句的一個基本原則,但在有些情況下,容易出現(xiàn)一些錯誤,現(xiàn)列舉如下(所有的列舉第一句都是錯誤的,第二句都是正確的)。
1. Somebody has come here, hasnt somebody?
Somebody has come here, hasnt they?
總結(jié):如果陳述部分是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等代詞時,反義疑問部分的主語一般用they。
2. There wont be any people in the room, will they?
There wont be any people in the room, will there?
總結(jié):陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時,反義疑問部分用there作虛假主語。
3. He often has his breakfast at home, hasnt he?
He often has his breakfast at home, doesnt he?
總結(jié):如果陳述部分有作“有”講的have,反義疑問部分用have的適當(dāng)形式來反問;但have不表示“有”時,疑問部分用do的適當(dāng)形式。
4. He must be singing at home now, mustnt he?
He must be singing at home now, isnt he?
總結(jié):陳述部分有must表示對現(xiàn)在的情況的推測時,疑問部分根據(jù)主語的數(shù)要用isnt或arent。
5. 誤:It must have rained last night, havent it?
正:It must have rained last night, didnt it?
總結(jié):陳述部分有must have done對過去的事情表示肯定的推測時,反義疑問句動詞選用的原則是:陳述部分有具體的過去時間時,則當(dāng)成一般過去式對待;否則,當(dāng)成現(xiàn)在完成式來對待。
6. I am so interested in reading, am not I?
I am so interested in reading, arent I?
總結(jié):陳述部分是I am ...時,疑問部分用arent I。
7. I wish to go to the cinema, dont I?
I wish to go to the cinema, may I?
總結(jié):陳述部分的動詞是wish時,疑問部分用may,且前后都用肯定式。
8. He is a cook but his wife is a doctor, isnt he?
He is a cook but his wife is a doctor, isnt she?
總結(jié):陳述部分是并列句時,疑問部分要與最后的分句的主語和動詞保持一致。
9. I dont believe they will come, do I?
I dont believe they will come, do they?
總結(jié):陳述部分是I (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/am sure/am afraid時,疑問部分要同從句的主語和動詞保持一致,還要考慮否定轉(zhuǎn)移的情況。否則,要同主句的主語保持一致。如:He supposes they can come, doesnt he?
10. We have never been to Rome before, havent we?
We have never been to Rome before, have we?
總結(jié):當(dāng)陳述部分有否定副詞never, hardly, seldom, little等時,疑問部分用肯定式。但如果陳述部分只是含有否定前綴時,疑問部分仍用否定。如:He is unfit for the job, isnt he?
11. Dont close that window, dont you?
Dont close that window, will you?
總結(jié):陳述部分是肯定的祈使句時,反義疑問句常用will you/would you/wont you。但是在否定的祈使句后的反義疑問句要用wont you。
12. So you are getting married, arent you?
So you are getting married, are you?
總結(jié):陳述部分用so開頭時,附加部分采用“同向”疑問,即前面是肯定的陳述句時,后面也用肯定的問句,前面是否定的陳述句時,后面也用否定的問句。又如:So you dont like my bike, dont you?