王媛媛++曹建++萬建華
[摘要]目的 研究磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)在間歇性低氧(IH)對抗大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)損傷中的作用機(jī)制。方法 將60只大鼠隨機(jī)分為四組,分別為假手術(shù)組(n=15)、I/R組(n=15)、IH+I/R組(n=15)、IH+I/R+PI3K抑制劑組(n=15)。將大鼠暴露在低氧循環(huán)制作IH動物模型,通過球囊結(jié)扎冠脈方法制作心肌I/R動物模型,通過TTC染色確定梗死面積。采用Western blot法檢測蛋白激酶B(AKt)表達(dá)。結(jié)果 與I/R組比較,IH+I/R組的心肌梗死面積下降(P<0.05),Akt蛋白表達(dá)升高(P<0.05)。與IH+I/R組比較,IH+I/R+PI3K抑制劑組心肌梗死面積增加(P<0.05),Akt蛋白表達(dá)下降(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 IH在大鼠心肌缺血損傷中具有心臟保護(hù)作用,其保護(hù)機(jī)制與激PI3K信號通路有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶;心肌缺血/再灌注;蛋白激酶B
[中圖分類號] R-332 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2017)02(c)-0106-03
Protective mechanism of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats
WANG Yuan-yuan1 CAO Jian2▲ WAN Jian-hua3
1.Department of Cardiology,the Third Hospital of Nanchang City,Nanchang 330009,China;2.Department of Anesthesiology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330006,China;3.Department of Anesthesiology,Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jingdezhen City in Jiangxi Province,Jingdezhen 333000,China
[Abstract]Objective To study the mechanisms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PI3K on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats.Methods 60 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,included sham-operated group (n=15),myocardial ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R) (n=15),I/R+intermittent hypoxia (IH) group (n=15) and I/R+IH+PI3K inhibitor group(n=15).Mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia cycles to establish the IH model.I/R model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery,myocardial infarct areas were measured through TCC staining,the expression of phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was analyzed by Westen blot.Results Compared with the I/R group,the myocardial infarct size of IH+I/R group decreased (P<0.05),the expression of Akt protein increased (P<0.05).Compared with the IH+I/R group,the myocardial infarction area of IH+I/R+PI3K inhibitor group increased (P<0.05),the expression of Akt protein decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion There is protective effects of intermittent hypoxia on myocardial ischemia injury in rats,and the protective mechanism is related to the activation of inibitor group PI3K signaling pathway.
[Key words]Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase;Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury;Protein kinase B間歇性低氧(intermittent hypoxia,IH)是機(jī)體某種生理和病理狀態(tài)下的低氧形式,一定時(shí)間內(nèi)間斷地暴露于低氧環(huán)境,其余時(shí)間均處于常氧環(huán)境。給機(jī)體反復(fù)間斷中等程度的低氧刺激,能增強(qiáng)機(jī)體對此種及更高程度低氧的耐受力,從而避免對機(jī)體真正的不可逆損傷的產(chǎn)生[1]。早期的動物實(shí)驗(yàn)及流行病學(xué)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),低氧適應(yīng)可以增加心臟對缺氧缺血損傷的保護(hù)作用[2]。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/絲蘇氨酸蛋白激酶(PI3K/Akt)信號途徑是細(xì)胞內(nèi)重要的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,是由PI3K活化,從而產(chǎn)生的類脂產(chǎn)物,并作為第二信使結(jié)合激活下游多種靶蛋白,結(jié)合成信號級聯(lián)復(fù)合物,調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖分化凋亡[3-4]。PI3K及下游靶蛋白所組成的信號途徑是目前細(xì)胞內(nèi)重要的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路之一。細(xì)胞凋亡的這兩種通路都被認(rèn)為是PI3K/Akt通路的下游通路,受PI3K-Akt通路的調(diào)控。PI3K超家族在細(xì)胞生長、增殖、存活和凋亡過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。Akt是PI3K/Akt激活后的下游效應(yīng)器。PI3K/Akt通路也可通過調(diào)控Caspase-3、Caspase-8以及Bcl-2家族參與肌細(xì)胞凋亡的心肌保護(hù)作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)擬討論P(yáng)I3K在間歇性低氧對心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)損傷中的作用機(jī)制。
1材料與方法
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動物及試劑材料
取8~10周雄性SD大鼠60只,體重(200±20)g,由南昌大學(xué)動物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心提供。渥曼青霉素購自Alexis公司,小鼠抗Akt單克隆抗體購自美國Santa Cruz公司;蛋白濃度測定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品購自普利萊公司;兔抗小鼠辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的二抗購自美國Sigma公司。
1.2動物模型建立
本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究經(jīng)南昌大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院動物倫理委員會審查通過,許可證號為SCXK(贛)2009-0001。將實(shí)驗(yàn)動物隨機(jī)分為4組,制作老鼠IH模型:暴露在每日4次的低氧循環(huán)(每次接受2 min 6%~8%低氧,然后3 min再氧和處理,5次),IH處理14 d,含氧量正常的降支老鼠作為對照組。假手術(shù)組(n=15):絲線穿過冠狀動脈但左室支但不結(jié)扎,通過尾靜脈注射生理鹽水;I/R組(n=15):參考墊扎球囊法[5]制作大鼠I/R模型;IH+I/R組(n=15):建立IH動物模型后,制作I/R模型;IH+I/R+PI3K抑制劑組(n=15):建立IH模型,制作I/R模型時(shí),在冠狀動脈左前降支閉塞15 min前注射PI3K抑制劑-渥曼青霉素(24 μg/kg)。
1.3心肌梗死面積測定
制模結(jié)束后處死存活大鼠,取新鮮大鼠心臟,用PBS沖洗,-20℃冰凍30 min切片,再用1% TTC 37℃染色25 min,切片放甲醛過夜增強(qiáng)顏色對比。梗死區(qū)不染色,非心肌梗死區(qū)染色為紅色。掃描儀掃描心臟切片,使用Image proplus 6.0軟件測量相關(guān)區(qū)域面積,梗死面積(%)=左心室組織切片梗死區(qū)面積/左心室組織切片總面積×100%。
1.4 Western blot法檢測Akt蛋白表達(dá)
制模結(jié)束后處死手術(shù)處理后的存活大鼠,通過組織顏色改變判斷心肌正常組織和缺血組織,通過Western blot方法來測定Akt蛋白,提取各組心肌組織,按蛋白提取試劑盒說明書提取總蛋白,監(jiān)測蛋白濃度,收集上清液,采用考馬斯亮藍(lán)法進(jìn)行擔(dān)保定量。SDS-PAGE分離樣品后電泳轉(zhuǎn)移至硝酸纖維膜上,常溫下TBST封閉過夜,再加入anti-Akt 小鼠單抗(一抗)、室溫下免疫沉淀1 h,加入兔抗小鼠辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的二抗2 h。洗膜,顯色。具體方法參照文獻(xiàn)[9],實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)z片掃描后用Image J軟件進(jìn)行圖像分析,比值結(jié)果表示蛋白的相對含量,用Gel-ProAnalyzer分析軟件分析通道蛋白的灰度值。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 15.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間兩兩比較應(yīng)用q檢驗(yàn),多組間比較應(yīng)用單因素方差分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
與I/R組比較,IH+I/R組的心肌梗死面積下降(P<0.05),Akt蛋白表達(dá)升高(P<0.05)。與IH+I/R組比較,IH+I/R+PI3K抑制劑組心肌梗死面積增加(P<0.05),Akt蛋白表達(dá)下降(P<0.05)(表1)。
3討論
低氧是心肌缺血的主要因素,對引發(fā)缺血性心臟疾病起著重要作用。通過增加心臟對缺血、低/缺氧的耐受性來達(dá)到保護(hù)心臟的目的是臨床和基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。IH能增加心肌對I/R損傷的耐受性、減少心肌梗死面積、對抗細(xì)胞凋亡、改善I/R心臟舒縮功能。有資料顯示,IH適應(yīng)可減輕應(yīng)激、缺血、I/R及心律失常等對心肌的損傷[7-9],不過目前關(guān)于IH的心肌保護(hù)作用機(jī)制的研究還是非常匱乏。
PI3K是心肌細(xì)胞內(nèi)的一個(gè)重要生物分子,是細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號傳導(dǎo)有關(guān)的脂類第二信使,可參與細(xì)胞應(yīng)答,在細(xì)胞存活、細(xì)胞凋亡、細(xì)胞骨架重組、囊泡運(yùn)輸?shù)榷喾N生物學(xué)事件中有重要作用[10-12]。在心肌,PI3K通過信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)、改善心肌收縮力及間接調(diào)節(jié)鈣通道鈣離子內(nèi)流等方面調(diào)節(jié)心肌功能[13-14]。
PI3K活化底物PI-3,4,5-P3(PIP3)與AKT結(jié)合,此時(shí)AKT的構(gòu)型發(fā)生改變,AKT被磷酸化而激活,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞進(jìn)入到細(xì)胞分裂周期并減少細(xì)胞凋亡[15]。Akt磷酸化后被激活,激活的Akt可磷酸化eNOS第1177位絲氨酸,使eNOS激活。eNOS是合成NO的限速酶,NO可激活蛋白激酶C和線粒體ATP敏感性鉀離子通道,抑制線粒體通透性轉(zhuǎn)換孔的開放,降低線粒體膜通透性,抑制線粒體內(nèi)鈣超載,改善線粒體功能,抑制線粒體釋放凋亡因子而調(diào)控細(xì)胞凋亡過程[16-17].
本實(shí)驗(yàn)建立IH模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)IH預(yù)處理后可以減輕心肌I/R損傷,使Akt蛋白表達(dá)增加,心肌梗死面積下降。PI3K抑制劑(渥曼青霉素)組的Akt蛋白表達(dá)降低,心肌梗死面積增加,提示心肌I/R損傷在IH處理后,可以激活PI3K-Akt信號途徑,使AKt磷酸化活化,減少細(xì)胞凋亡。PI3K/Akt可能通過活化內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶誘導(dǎo)抗凋亡蛋白表達(dá)增加,同時(shí)抑制促凋亡蛋白調(diào)控細(xì)胞凋亡等多種機(jī)制發(fā)揮心肌保護(hù)作用,其內(nèi)在機(jī)制值得進(jìn)一步研究探討。
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(收稿日期:2016-12-09 本文編輯:祁海文)