張佳喜,張 麗,劉旋峰,蔣永新,王吉奎
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不同邊膜鏟起膜性能分析及其起膜率對(duì)比試驗(yàn)
張佳喜1,張 麗2,劉旋峰2,蔣永新2,王吉奎3※
(1. 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械交通學(xué)院,烏魯木齊 830052;2. 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究所,烏魯木齊 830091; 3. 石河子大學(xué)機(jī)械電氣工程學(xué)院,石河子 832003)
農(nóng)田地膜污染治理中,由于秋后殘膜回收中缺乏較為理想的機(jī)構(gòu)起翻邊膜,致使邊膜埋于地表不易被回收部件進(jìn)行回收,對(duì)土壤及環(huán)境造成一定的污染。為解決這一問(wèn)題,選取目前較為普遍使用的2種邊膜起膜機(jī)構(gòu)開溝器和雙翼鏟,新設(shè)計(jì)一種單翼鏟,對(duì)其進(jìn)行力學(xué)分析,對(duì)比3種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的邊膜鏟受力情況,并且在新疆庫(kù)爾勒尉犁縣開展田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn),對(duì)比不同結(jié)構(gòu)的邊膜鏟在田間的工作性能,考核起出殘膜完整率、起膜率及有無(wú)壅土現(xiàn)象發(fā)生這3個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。結(jié)果表明:邊膜鏟的受力大小與邊膜鏟入土角度和鏟刃的長(zhǎng)度有關(guān),對(duì)3種邊摸鏟理論分析得出單翼鏟的受力最大,開溝器受力最小,雙翼鏟受力較為合理,而在田間性能試驗(yàn)中雖然單翼鏟受力最大但其作業(yè)效果最佳,起出邊膜的完整率達(dá)100%、起膜率在95.4%、并且在作業(yè)中沒有壅土現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,考慮到作業(yè)效果的突出,推薦單翼鏟作為秋后殘膜回收機(jī)的邊膜起膜機(jī)構(gòu)。研究結(jié)果可為秋后殘膜回收機(jī)的邊膜起膜機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)選擇提供參考。
農(nóng)業(yè);力學(xué)分析;地膜;殘膜;邊膜鏟
自70年代以來(lái)地膜種植技術(shù)在中國(guó)的快速推廣,地膜造成的白色污染日趨嚴(yán)重,人們對(duì)地膜回收也越來(lái)越重視[1-2]。目前市場(chǎng)上殘膜回收機(jī)的種類很多,主要分為苗期殘膜回收和秋后殘膜回收2種,2種機(jī)型對(duì)存留在地表地膜回收相對(duì)容易,基本上能回收到95%以上,針對(duì)邊膜回收區(qū)別較大,苗期殘膜回收邊膜效果較好,原因是苗期殘膜受到的日曬等因素的影響時(shí)間較短,所以其殘膜的強(qiáng)度較高,幾乎不用什么輔助機(jī)構(gòu)便可以將邊膜從土中帶出,殘膜回收率可達(dá)95%以上[3-7];秋后殘膜回收針對(duì)邊膜回收較困難,造成殘膜回收率在80%左右[8-9],究其原因,以覆蓋膜寬為1.25 m地膜為例,邊膜單邊覆土寬度為0.07 m,深度為0.08 m,則邊膜占所鋪膜的比例達(dá)到16%[10],而邊膜埋于地表以下,由于秋后殘膜受到的侵蝕時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),與泥土粘連嚴(yán)重,殘膜強(qiáng)度受到很大的影響,依靠地表殘膜的拉扯連帶回收邊膜,幾乎不可能了,大多秋后地膜回收機(jī)沒有將這部分殘膜回收起來(lái),因此殘膜回收率較低[11-12]。為了降低殘膜造成的污染,促進(jìn)新農(nóng)村的建設(shè),提高殘膜回收率,開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)新型邊膜鏟,在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn)尋求最佳的邊膜起膜機(jī)構(gòu),從根本解決邊膜回收難的問(wèn)題。
如圖1所示,地膜覆蓋種植中通常單側(cè)邊膜被掩埋于地表下7~8 cm左右,掩埋的地膜長(zhǎng)度為10cm左右,邊膜鏟工作時(shí)入土深度需大于10 cm,將掩埋的邊膜平翻于地表,最大限度地保證邊膜的完整性,不要撕裂邊膜的情況下,同時(shí)保護(hù)好地表非邊膜區(qū)域的地膜,不要對(duì)其移動(dòng)或者損害,以利于后續(xù)拾膜部件將其回收。
目前市場(chǎng)上使用的邊膜鏟種類較多,較為普遍的是開溝器、雙翼鏟及單翼鏟[13-16],為此選定以上3種邊膜鏟進(jìn)行研究分析,如圖2所示,3種邊膜鏟分別為:圖2a為開溝器(常用),圖2b為雙翼鏟(常用),圖2c為單翼鏟(改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì):在鏟柄的一側(cè)安裝有鏟托,鏟刀平放與鏟托之上,鏟刀長(zhǎng)度為30 mm),3種邊膜鏟的高度均為500 mm,根據(jù)不同邊膜鏟的結(jié)構(gòu)分別進(jìn)行力學(xué)分析。
邊膜鏟工作時(shí)勻速前行,假設(shè)邊膜鏟入土角為1,受力如圖3所示,其水平方向平衡方程為[17]
式中為土壤與邊膜鏟間的摩擦力(=),N;為楔面上受到土壤的法向載荷,N;為牽引力,N;為楔面切土阻力(=),N;1為楔面與地面夾角,(°)。
注:為土壤與邊膜鏟間的摩擦力(=),N;為楔面上受到土壤的法向載荷,N;為牽引力,N;為楔面切土阻力(=),N;1為楔面與地面夾角,(°);為邊膜鏟刃寬,m;為單位刃寬上的刃切阻力,N。
Note:is the friction between soil and side film shovel (=N), N;is the normal load of soil in wedge face, N;is the tractive force,N;is the drag force of cutting soil in wedge face (=), N;1is the angle between the wedge face and the ground, (°);is the blade width of side film shovel, m;is the cutting resistance on the blade unit, N.
圖3 邊膜鏟入土受力分析
Fig.3 Workforce analysis of side film shovel
邊膜鏟工作根據(jù)翻垡原理[18],邊膜鏟入土1角愈大,邊膜鏟對(duì)它前面的土壤壓縮和破碎愈大,邊膜鏟的工作阻力也愈大[19],一般情況1應(yīng)小于38°[20],但由于被鏟起土垡前端有土壤支承,故可以適當(dāng)超過(guò)38°。根據(jù)機(jī)具的結(jié)構(gòu)1可取15°~40°之間,1值小于25°時(shí),邊膜鏟應(yīng)當(dāng)為上磨刃[15]。結(jié)合式(1)深入分析可知,減小刃寬,增加側(cè)刃更利于破土。結(jié)構(gòu)如圖3所示。減小了直刀刃的寬度,增加了側(cè)刃長(zhǎng)度,側(cè)刃具有滑切的作用,滑切較正切省力。
下面分別對(duì)幾種邊膜鏟進(jìn)行力學(xué)分析。
3.1 開溝器力學(xué)分析
開溝器是農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械中較為常用的土壤工作部件,主要用于播種、施肥及除草使用,結(jié)構(gòu)是一根扁鐵,具有一定的厚度,材料大多為鑄鋼,結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡(jiǎn)單,成本低。
入土深度10 cm,開溝器入土作業(yè)時(shí),開溝器受力如圖4a所示,各力在水平方向上(前進(jìn)方向)有如下關(guān)系
開溝器入土作業(yè)時(shí),被松土壤所受力如圖4b所示,圖中的力系平衡方程式為
式中為土壤容重;1為開溝器寬度,m;為土壤內(nèi)聚力,N/m2;為松土深度,m;為作業(yè)速度,m/s;1為土垡剪切面面積,m2;′為土壤內(nèi)摩擦系數(shù);為土壤與開溝器表面的摩擦系數(shù)。
由式(2)、(3)和(4)可得牽引力為
3.2 雙翼鏟力學(xué)分析
雙翼鏟入土部分在立柱左右方向?qū)ΨQ布置有一定弧度的圓弧面板,面板材料多為65 Mn,工作時(shí)比較容易入土,在雙翼鏟面板的正前方堆積土壤,隨著機(jī)具的前進(jìn),壓力逐漸增大,堆積土壤沿著圓弧面向兩側(cè)分流,落回所開的溝內(nèi),在濕度較高的土壤中容易壅土。
雙翼鏟入土作業(yè)時(shí),受力如圖5所示,雙翼鏟翼張角的大小直接關(guān)系到能否采用滑切的方式切斷雜草,如果不能切斷雜草就會(huì)被草纏住并使雙翼鏟出土,一般近似為45°。各力在雙翼鏟水平方向上(前進(jìn)方向)有如下關(guān)系
注:2為雙翼鏟斜面受土壤摩擦力(2=2)(雙翼鏟兩側(cè)受力相似),N;3為雙翼鏟斜面受土壤摩擦力(3=3),N;2為雙翼鏟前端切土阻力(2=KB),N;2為牽引力,N;2為雙翼鏟鏟刃受到的土壤壓力(雙翼鏟兩側(cè)受力相似),N;3為雙翼鏟表面法向載荷,N;為雙翼鏟翼張角,(°);為雙翼鏟斜面與地面夾角,(°)。
Note:2is the friction of double wing shovels along the slant (22)(the force on both sides of double wing shovels is almost similar), N;3is the friction of double wing shovels face along the slant (f=μN(yùn)3), N;2is the friction drag force at the front of double wing shovels cutting soil (2);2is the tractive force, N;2is the pressure force of double wing shovels blade(the force on both sides of double wing shovels is almost similar), N;3is the surface normal load of double wing shovels, N;is the opening angle of double wing shovels, (°);is the angle of double wing shovels between the wedge face and the ground, (°).
圖5 雙翼鏟受力分析
Fig.5 Force analysis of double wing shovels
同理,雙翼鏟入土作業(yè)時(shí),土壤所受力與雙翼鏟入土作業(yè)時(shí)土壤所受力相同(圖5b),由于雙翼鏟前端寬度較小,切土阻力可忽略不計(jì),用相似的方法,可以得到如下關(guān)系
式中2為土垡剪切面面積,m2;2為雙翼鏟寬度,m;2為土塊重力,2為土壤內(nèi)部剪切失效時(shí)的剪切力,N;N;a2為使土壤運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速力,N;2為土壤內(nèi)部摩擦力,N;4為雙翼鏟表面土壤受地表土壤的擠壓力,N。
由式(6)和(7)可得牽引力2為
3.3 單翼鏟力學(xué)分析
單翼鏟是由立柱一側(cè)固定一鏟托,在鏟托上固定邊鏟,需要邊鏟材料具有較高耐磨性,一般為65 Mn材料,工作時(shí),邊鏟以一定角度入土,將土壤沿著邊鏟平面向后推移,順滑地落入邊鏟后方。
單翼鏟入土作業(yè)時(shí),受力如圖6所示,由于單翼鏟前端寬度較小,切土阻力可忽略不計(jì),各力在單翼鏟水平方向上(前進(jìn)方向)[20-24],有如下關(guān)系
注:4為單翼鏟斜面受土壤摩擦力(4=5),N;5為單翼鏟斜面受土壤摩擦力(5=6),N;3為牽引力,N;3為單翼鏟前端切土阻力(3=),N;5為單翼鏟鏟刃受到的土壤壓力,N;6為單翼鏟表面法向載荷,N;為單翼鏟斜面與地面夾角,(°);為單翼鏟鏟刃與前進(jìn)方向夾角,(°)。
Note:4is the friction of one wing shovel along the slant (45), N;fis the friction of one wing shovel face along the slant (56), N;3is the tractive force, N;3is the friction drag force at the front of one wing shovel cutting soil (3), N;5is the pressure force of one wing shovel blade, N;6is the surface normal load of one wing shovel, N;is the angle of one wing shovel between the wedge face and the ground, (°);is the opening angle of one wing shovel, (°).
圖6 單翼鏟入土受力分析
Fig.6 Force analysis of one wing shovel
單翼鏟入土作業(yè)時(shí),土壤所受力參照?qǐng)D6b,同理可以得到如下關(guān)系
式中3為土垡剪切面面積,m2;3為單翼鏟寬度,m;3為土壤內(nèi)部摩擦力,N。3為土壤內(nèi)部剪切失效時(shí)的剪切力,N;3為土塊重力,N;a3為使土壤運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速力,N;7為單翼鏟表面土壤受地表土壤的擠壓力,N。
由式(9)和(10)可得牽引力3為
通過(guò)以上計(jì)算分析,可以看出在單翼鏟由于具有較長(zhǎng)的刃寬,所以在土壤中起翻的邊膜寬度最大,而且向一側(cè)翻土,這樣就有利于將邊膜翻出,但是在土壤中受到較大的阻力;開溝器則幾乎沒有刃寬,則開溝器受力也最小[25-27],但是在土壤中起翻的邊膜壓土很小,因此起翻的邊膜面積也越小,同時(shí)有可能撕裂邊膜;雙翼鏟受力比單翼鏟較小,并且雙翼鏟的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)較為合理,立柱的左右側(cè)向力可以互相抵消,并且鏟面受到土壤的阻力也較小,但雙翼鏟工作位置如在邊膜中間則容易撕裂邊膜,增加回收難度,如在一側(cè)受到起翻寬度的影響,不能完全起翻邊膜,另外一側(cè)同樣入土,沒有起到任何作用。
4.1 試驗(yàn)條件
以上對(duì)3種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的邊膜鏟受力情況進(jìn)行了理論分析,為了分析邊膜鏟的受力情況與作業(yè)效果的關(guān)系,即作業(yè)效果是否與受力大小成正比,在新疆庫(kù)爾勒尉犁縣棉田針對(duì)3種結(jié)構(gòu)邊膜鏟進(jìn)行了田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn)。棉田采用寬窄行種植模式(740 mm+40 mm),地面平整,土壤含水率為11%,棉花已收獲,且棉稈已切碎清理,棉稈留茬高度為50~75 mm,地膜厚度為0.008 mm,膜邊覆土寬度為110~120 mm,厚度為40~50 mm。機(jī)具作業(yè)速度均為3 km/h,配套動(dòng)力由福田雷沃M800-D拖拉機(jī)提供,試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)采用新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究所生產(chǎn)的4JSM-1800型棉秸稈還田及殘膜回收聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)[28-29],該機(jī)在試驗(yàn)中只作為一個(gè)固定平臺(tái),無(wú)需掛接傳遞動(dòng)力,在機(jī)架的橫梁處,設(shè)計(jì)通用固定座,可以方便更換邊膜鏟,機(jī)構(gòu)上設(shè)有開銷孔和固定鎖緊裝置,用以保證邊膜鏟具有相同的入土深度,入土深度均為70 cm。圖7為3種邊膜鏟起膜試驗(yàn)效果圖。
a. 開溝器起膜試驗(yàn)
a. Side films dug by furrow opener
b. 雙翼鏟起膜試驗(yàn)
b. Side films dug by double wing shovel
4.2 試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)與方法
為對(duì)比3種邊膜鏟的起膜效果,選取起膜率和邊膜破損程度為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)。測(cè)試地塊長(zhǎng)度為100 m,隨機(jī)選出9個(gè)試驗(yàn)區(qū)為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,對(duì)3種邊膜鏟各進(jìn)行3次重復(fù)試驗(yàn),每個(gè)試驗(yàn)區(qū)隨機(jī)選取5個(gè)點(diǎn)作為檢測(cè)點(diǎn),每個(gè)檢測(cè)點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)度為10 m,邊膜寬度0.12 m[30],每次試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,將各檢測(cè)點(diǎn)翻起的殘膜洗凈曬干后,采用盛博SB-A1003電子精密天平秤(100 g/0.001g)稱其質(zhì)量,分別計(jì)算3種類型邊膜鏟所有檢測(cè)點(diǎn)平均值2作為該類型邊膜鏟的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,各檢測(cè)點(diǎn)當(dāng)年所鋪邊膜質(zhì)量1=9.41 g。
邊膜起膜率可由式(12)得出
式中為邊膜起膜率,%;1為各檢測(cè)點(diǎn)當(dāng)年所鋪邊膜質(zhì)量,g;2為作業(yè)后翻起的邊膜平均質(zhì)量,g。
4.3 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析
經(jīng)過(guò)田間對(duì)比試驗(yàn),3種邊膜鏟起膜性能指標(biāo)如表1所示。由于邊膜破損程度不易從數(shù)據(jù)直接判斷,因此未給出邊膜破損統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù),這里只給出邊膜起膜率的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。
表1 性能指標(biāo)測(cè)試結(jié)果
如圖7a所示,開溝器作業(yè)過(guò)程中,開溝器基本上在地表上劃了一道較深的劃痕,只是將邊膜劃開,并沒有將埋在地下的邊膜起翻出來(lái),從表1可以得知,邊膜起膜率能達(dá)到30%左右,雖然通過(guò)前面理論計(jì)算受力最小,但是效果較差。
如圖7b所示,雙翼鏟田間試驗(yàn)效果較開溝器有較大的提高,對(duì)邊膜的起翻有較好的效果,邊膜大部分都可以翻起,從表1可以得知,邊膜起膜率可以達(dá)到86.5%,雖然受力較為合理,但由于另一側(cè)翼也將入土起膜,會(huì)將邊膜與地表整片地膜撕裂,邊膜破損程度較大,并伴有壅土現(xiàn)象,且立柱易變形需要加固或者調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)。
針對(duì)雙翼鏟易將邊膜中間撕開或?qū)⑦吥づc整片膜分開的問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一側(cè)帶翼鏟的邊膜鏟,作業(yè)效果如圖7c所示。單翼鏟可以將邊膜翻起,同時(shí)翻起的邊膜較為完整浮于地表,起出邊膜的完整率達(dá)100%,且沒有發(fā)生壅土現(xiàn)象,便于地膜回收,從表1可知,邊膜起膜率能達(dá)到95.4%,雖然單翼鏟理論分析受力最大,但是與開溝器和雙翼鏟相比,作業(yè)起邊膜效果最好,起膜效果這一點(diǎn)完全可以將受力最大的缺點(diǎn)忽略,單翼鏟能有效解決邊膜回收難的問(wèn)題,因此可在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中采用。
1)邊膜鏟的受力大小與邊膜鏟前進(jìn)方向上的垂直長(zhǎng)度的刃口成正比,刃口越長(zhǎng)則邊膜鏟受力越大,與邊膜鏟入土角成正相關(guān),邊膜鏟入土角越大則受力越大。對(duì)比3種結(jié)構(gòu)邊膜鏟,計(jì)算結(jié)果單翼鏟受力較大,對(duì)鏟立柱有較高要求,雙翼鏟的受力較為合理,其中單翼鏟的工作寬度最大。
2)開溝器、雙翼鏟及單翼鏟3種不同的邊膜鏟安裝在試驗(yàn)裝置上進(jìn)行起邊膜試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)效果最佳的是單翼鏟,雖然單翼鏟的受力最大,但是單翼鏟邊膜完整率較好,起膜率達(dá)95.4%,而且不壅土。衡量殘膜回收機(jī)的作業(yè)質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵一點(diǎn)就是邊膜是否回收,原因是邊膜占整張膜的16%左右,是否回收邊膜直接影響到了地膜回收率,因此為了追求殘膜機(jī)的作業(yè)質(zhì)量,提高地膜回收率,秋后地膜回收裝置的邊膜鏟的結(jié)構(gòu)建議使用單翼鏟,并希望在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中得到快速推廣使用。
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Mechanical analysis and contrast experiment on collecting residual plastic film with different side-film shovels
Zhang Jiaxi1, Zhang Li2, Liu Xuanfeng2, Jiang Yongxin2, Wang Jikui3※
(1.,830052;2,830091; 3.,832003)
In the pollution controlling of the residual plastic films in the farmland, due to the lack of preferable side-film shovel mechanics in autumn plastic film recycling, the side-film can’t be recycled by the side-film shovel but be buried under the ground surface. A large amount of residual plastic film into soil due to long-term using film on the crops has caused great serious influence on the high quality of farmland planting, crop growth, the rural ecological environment. The side-film accounted for 16% of the whole plastic film, which would result in the lower recovery rate for plastic film recycling and the recovery rate was generally maintained at about 80%, nearly 20% of the plastic film still remained in the soil, which caused definite pollution to the soil and the environment. Current research on the recovery mechanism is limited to the equipment of plastic film enwinding recycling itself. In order to solve these problems, the more widespread used mechanics for collecting the side-film was chosen such as furrow opener and double wing shovel. Then the mechanical analysis of one wing shovel newly designed was carried out with opener and double wings shovel. The forces of collecting the side-film were compared among three different structural shovels and the field contrast tests were carried out in Yuli county, Korla city in Xinjiang. The working performances of different side-film collecting shovels were compared in the field test. The three key factors were assessed about the integrity rate, film recovery rate and no heap soil phenomenon of residual plastic film. Results showed that the force of the side-film shovel taken was related with the angle into soil and blade length of the side-film shovel during the shovels picking the side-film. According to analyze the force of three types of shovels, we gained the balance equation, the equation involved some kinds of forces, such as the friction along the slant, the normal load along the slant, the shear force of soil internal shear failure, the friction force between the internal soil and the accelerating force of soil movement. Theoretical analysis of three side-film shovels showed that the force of one wing shovel was maximum while the stress of furrow opener device was minimum, the stress of double wing shovel was relatively reasonable. However, the performance effect of the one wing shovel was the best in the field testing although the force of one wing shovel was maximum. The integrity rate of the side-film was reached at 100%, the film recovery rate was at 95.4%, and without obstructing the soil in working performance. Taking the prominent operational effectiveness into account, the one wing shovel was highly recommended as autumn residual side-film recovery machine of the plastic film collecting structure. The research results can be provided a reference for the design of the side-film collecting mechanism section during the whole residual film recovery machine and also provide theory basis for the development of the plastic film recycling machine.
agriculture; mechanical analysis; films; residual plastic films; side-film shovels
10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.04.002
S223.5
A
1002-6819(2017)-04-0010-06
2016-05-23
2016-12 -22
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51565060,51465050);新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展項(xiàng)目(201511104);新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金(2014211B029)和自治區(qū)創(chuàng)新人才項(xiàng)目(2014721030)聯(lián)合資助。
張佳喜,男(漢族),陜西佳縣人,博士,研究員,主要從事循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)研究。烏魯木齊 新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)械交通學(xué)院,830052。Email:563810112@qq.com
王吉奎,男(漢族),新疆瑪納斯人,博士,教授,主要從事農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)。石河子 石河子大學(xué)機(jī)械電氣工程學(xué)院,832003。Email:shzwjk@126.com
張佳喜,張 麗,劉旋峰,蔣永新,王吉奎. 不同邊膜鏟起膜性能分析及其起膜率對(duì)比試驗(yàn)[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào),2017,33(4):10-15. doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.04.002 http://www.tcsae.org
Zhang Jiaxi, Zhang Li, Liu Xuanfeng, Jiang Yongxin, Wang Jikui. Mechanical analysis and contrast experiment on collecting residual plastic film with different side-film shovels[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2017, 33(4): 10-15. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.04.002 http://www.tcsae.org